The Experts below are selected from a list of 1950 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
R. Karl Hanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Recidivism Rates of Female Sexual Offenders Are Low: A Meta-Analysis
Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment, 2010Co-Authors: Franca Cortoni, R. Karl Hanson, Marie-Ève CoacheAbstract:This study examined the recidivism rates of female sexual offenders. A meta-analysis of 10 studies (2,490 offenders; average follow-up 6.5 years) showed that female sexual offenders have extremely low rates of sexual recidivism (less than 3%). The recidivism rates for violent (including sexual) offences and for any type of crime were predictably higher than the recidivism rates for sexual offences but still lower than the recidivism rates of male sexual offenders. These findings indicate the need for distinct policies and procedures for assessing and managing the risk of male and female sexual offenders. Risk assessment tools developed specifically for male sexual offenders would be expected to substantially overestimate the recidivism risk of female sexual offenders.
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Will They Do It Again? Predicting Sex-Offense Recidivism
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2000Co-Authors: R. Karl HansonAbstract:This article reviews the empirical research on the prediction of reoffending among sexual offenders. The major predictors of sexual-offense recidivism are factors related to sexual deviance (e.g., deviant sexual preferences, previous sex crimes) and, to a lesser extent, criminal lifestyle (e.g., antisocial personality disorder, total number of prior offenses). The factors that predict general recidivism among sex offenders are the same as the factors that predict general recidivism among nonsexual criminals (e.g., juvenile delinquency, prior violent offenses). Given that there are special predictors of sexual recidivism, evaluators should consider separately the risk for sexual and non-sexual recidivism.
Karl R Hanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the principles of effective correctional treatment also apply to sexual offenders a meta analysis
Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2009Co-Authors: Karl R Hanson, Guy Bourgon, Leslie Helmus, Shannon HodgsonAbstract:The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders remains controversial, even though it is widely agreed that certain forms of human service interventions reduce the recidivism rates of general offenders. The current review examined whether the principles associated with effective treatments for general offenders (risk-need-responsivity; RNR) also apply to sexual offender treatment. Based on a meta-analysis of 23 recidivism outcome studies meeting basic criteria for study quality, the unweighted sexual and general recidivism rates for the treated sexual offenders were lower than the rates observed for the comparison groups (10.9%, n = 3,121 vs. 19.2%, n = 3,625 for sexual recidivism; 31.8%, n = 1,979 vs. 48.3%, n = 2,822 for any recidivism). Programs that adhered to the RNR principles showed the largest reductions in sexual and general recidivism. Given the consistency of the current findings with the general offender rehabilitation literature, the authors believe that the RNR principles should be a maj...
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denial predicts recidivism for some sexual offenders
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 2007Co-Authors: John M. W. Bradford, Karl R Hanson, Philip Firestone, Kevin L. Nunes, Heather Moulden, David GreenbergAbstract:This study examined whether there were variables that moderated the relationship between denial and recidivism among adult male sexual offenders. The first study (N = 489) found that the relationship with sexual recidivism was moderated by risk (as measured by the Rapid Risk Assessment for Sexual Offense Recidivism) but not by psychopathy (as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised). Contrary to expectations, denial was associated with increased sexual recidivism among the low-risk offenders and with decreased recidivism among the high-risk offenders. Post hoc analyses suggested that the risk item most responsible for the interaction was “relationship to victims”. For incest offenders, denial was associated with increased sexual recidivism, but denial was not associated with increased recidivism for offenders with unrelated victims. These interactions were substantially replicated in two independent samples (N = 490 and N = 73). The results suggest that denial merits further consideration for researchers as well as those involved in applied risk assessment of sexual offenders.
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the characteristics of persistent sexual offenders a meta analysis of recidivism studies
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Karl R Hanson, Kelly E MortonbourgonAbstract:A meta-analysis of 82 recidivism studies (1,620 findings from 29,450 sexual offenders) identified deviant sexual preferences and antisocial orientation as the major predictors of sexual recidivism for both adult and adolescent sexual offenders. Antisocial orientation was the major predictor of violent recidivism and general (any) recidivism. The review also identified some dynamic risk factors that have the potential of being useful treatment targets (e.g., sexual preoccupations, general self-regulation problems). Many of the variables commonly addressed in sex offender treatment programs (e.g., psychological distress, denial of sex crime, victim empathy, stated motivation for treatment) had little or no relationship with sexual or violent recidivism.
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recidivism and age follow up data from 4 673 sexual offenders
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2002Co-Authors: Karl R HansonAbstract:This study examined the relationship of age to sexual recidivism using data from 10 follow-upstudies of adult male sexual offenders (combined sample of 4,673). Rapists were younger thanchild molesters, and the recidivism risk of rapists steadily decreased with age. In contrast,extra familial child molesters showed relatively little reduction in recidivism risk until after theage of50. The recidivism rate of intra familial child molesters was generally low (less than 10%),except for the intra familial offenders in the 18-to24-year-old age group, whose recidivism riskwas comparable to that of rapists and extra familial child molesters. The results are discussed interms of developmental changes in sexual drive, self-control, and opportunities to offend.
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where should we intervene dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism
Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2000Co-Authors: Karl R Hanson, Andrew J HarrisAbstract:Effective intervention with sexual offenders requires the targeting of appropriate risk factors. In this study, information on dynamic (changeable) risk factors was collected through interviews with community supervision officers and file reviews of 208 sexual offense Recidivists and 201 nonRecidivists. The Recidivists were generally considered to have poor social supports, attitudes tolerant of sexual assault, antisocial lifestyles, poor self-management strategies, and difficulties cooperating with supervision. The overall mood of the Recidivists and nonRecidivists was similar, but the Recidivists showed increased anger and subjective distress just before reoffending. The dynamic risk factors reported by the officers continued to be strongly associated with recidivism, even after controlling for preexisting differences in static risk factors. The factors identified in the interview data were reflected (to a lesser extent) in the officers' contemporaneous case notes, which suggests that the interview find...
Sarah Yousfi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the relationship between juvenile psychopathic traits delinquency and violent recidivism a meta analysis
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Jessica J Assche, Eveline Van Vug, G J J M Stams, Maja Dekovic, Veroni I Eichelsheim, Sarah YousfiAbstract:A meta-analysis of k = 53 studies containing 60 non-overlapping samples and 10,073 participants was conducted to investigate whether psychopathy was associated with delinquency and (violent) recidivism in juveniles. The results showed that psychopathy was moderately associated with delinquency, general recidivism, and violent recidivism. Moderator effects revealed that various study and participant characteristics influenced the strength of the association between psychopathy, delinquency, and (violent) recidivism. It was concluded that screening for the (early) detection of psychopathy is important, as delinquent behavior and recidivism can be predicted from psychopathy as early as the transition from middle childhood to adolescence. Language: en
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the relationship between juvenile psychopathic traits delinquency and violent recidivism a meta analysis
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Jessica J Asscher, G J J M Stams, Maja Dekovic, Veroni I Eichelsheim, Eveline Van Vugt, Sarah YousfiAbstract:A meta-analysis of k = 53 studies containing 60 non-overlapping samples and 10,073 participants was conducted to investigate whether psychopathy was associated with delinquency and (violent) recidivism in juveniles. The results showed that psychopathy was moderately associated with delinquency, general recidivism, and violent recidivism. Moderator effects revealed that various study and participant characteristics influenced the strength of the association between psychopathy, delinquency, and (violent) recidivism. It was concluded that screening for the (early) detection of psychopathy is important, as delinquent behavior and recidivism can be predicted from psychopathy as early as the transition from middle childhood to adolescence.
Jari Tiihonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the quantitative risk of violent crime and criminal offending a case control study among the offspring of Recidivistic finnish homicide offenders
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2002Co-Authors: A Putkonen, O P Ryynanen, Markku Eronen, Jari TiihonenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To study if later risk of violent offending and criminality among high-risk children can be estimated quantitatively on the basis of parental crimes. METHOD: The criminal and prison records of the offspring (N=11) of homicide Recidivists (N=36) were compared with data from controls (N=220) who were matched for sex, domicile of birth and date of birth and death. RESULTS: The risk (odds ratio) was increased up to 24-fold for violent crimes (P=0.01), and up to 17-fold for criminality (P=0.0008) among the offspring of homicide Recidivists. CONCLUSION: The quantitative risk of a child for later violent offending and criminality can be estimated on the basis of parental homicide recidivism. This kind of method could be used to choose target groups for early preventive interventions, and to study the effectiveness of prevention. Language: en
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schizophrenia alcohol abuse and violent behavior a 26 year followup study of an unselected birth cohort
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 1998Co-Authors: P Rasanen, Jari Tiihonen, Matti Isohanni, Paula Rantakallio, Jari Lehtonen, Juha MoringAbstract:It has been suggested that schizophrenia and alcoholism are associated with violent behavior. But so far there are no published studies from unselected cohorts quantifying the actual risk associated with schizophrenia both with and without comorbid alcoholism. In this study, an unselected birth cohort (n = 11,017) was prospectively followed to the age of 26, and data on psychiatric disorders and crimes were collected from national registers. The odds ratios for violent offenses and recidivism were calculated for each diagnostic group. Men who abused alcohol and were diagnosed with schizophrenia were 25.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1-97.5) times more likely to commit violent crimes than mentally healthy men. The risk for nonalcoholic patients with schizophrenia was 3.6 (95% CI 0.9-12.3) and for other psychoses, 7.7 (95% CI 2.2-23.9). None of the patients with schizophrenia who did not abuse alcohol were Recidivists (> 2 offenses), but the risk for committing more crimes among alcoholic subjects with schizophrenia was 9.5-fold (95% CI 2.7-30.0). This study suggests that to prevent the crimes being committed by people with schizophrenia, it is important that clinicians watch for comorbid alcohol abuse. Language: en
Philip Firestone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pornography use and sexual aggression the impact of frequency and type of pornography use on recidivism among sexual offenders
Aggressive Behavior, 2008Co-Authors: Drew A Kingston, Paul Fedoroff, Philip Firestone, Susan Curry, John M. W. BradfordAbstract:In this study, we examined the unique contribution of pornography consumption to the longitudinal prediction of criminal recidivism in a sample of 341 child molesters. We specifically tested the hypothesis, based on predictions informed by the confluence model of sexual aggression that pornography will be a risk factor for recidivism only for those individuals classified as relatively high risk for re-offending. Pornography use (frequency and type) was assessed through self-report and recidivism was measured using data from a national database from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Indices of recidivism, which were assessed up to 15 years after release, included an overall criminal recidivism index, as well as subcategories focusing on violent (including sexual) recidivism and sexual recidivism alone. Results for both frequency and type of pornography use were generally consistent with our predictions. Most importantly, after controlling for general and specific risk factors for sexual aggression, pornography added significantly to the prediction of recidivism. Statistical interactions indicated that frequency of pornography use was primarily a risk factor for higher-risk offenders, when compared with lower-risk offenders, and that content of pornography (i.e., pornography containing deviant content) was a risk factor for all groups. The importance of conceptualizing particular risk factors (e.g., pornography), within the context of other individual characteristics is discussed.
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denial predicts recidivism for some sexual offenders
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 2007Co-Authors: John M. W. Bradford, Karl R Hanson, Philip Firestone, Kevin L. Nunes, Heather Moulden, David GreenbergAbstract:This study examined whether there were variables that moderated the relationship between denial and recidivism among adult male sexual offenders. The first study (N = 489) found that the relationship with sexual recidivism was moderated by risk (as measured by the Rapid Risk Assessment for Sexual Offense Recidivism) but not by psychopathy (as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised). Contrary to expectations, denial was associated with increased sexual recidivism among the low-risk offenders and with decreased recidivism among the high-risk offenders. Post hoc analyses suggested that the risk item most responsible for the interaction was “relationship to victims”. For incest offenders, denial was associated with increased sexual recidivism, but denial was not associated with increased recidivism for offenders with unrelated victims. These interactions were substantially replicated in two independent samples (N = 490 and N = 73). The results suggest that denial merits further consideration for researchers as well as those involved in applied risk assessment of sexual offenders.
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A Comparison of Modified Versions of the Static-99 and the Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide
Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 2002Co-Authors: Kevin L. Nunes, Philip Firestone, John M. Bradford, David M. Greenberg, Ian BroomAbstract:The predictive validity of 2 risk assessment instruments for sex offenders, modified versions of the Static-99 and the Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide, was examined and compared in a sample of 258 adult male sex offenders. In addition, the independent contributions to the prediction of recidivism made by each instrument and by various phallometric indices were explored. Both instruments demonstrated moderate levels of predictive accuracy for sexual and violent (including sexual) recidivism. They were not significantly different in terms of their predictive accuracy for sexual or violent recidivism, nor did they contribute independently to the prediction of sexual or violent recidivism. Of the phallometric indices examined, only the pedophile index added significantly to the prediction of sexual recidivism, but not violent recidivism, above the Static-99 alone.
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prediction of recidivism in incest offenders
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1999Co-Authors: Philip Firestone, John M. W. Bradford, David M. Greenberg, Marcia Mccoy, Michel R Larose, Susan CurryAbstract:Approximately 6.5 years after their conviction, the percentage of incest offenders who had committed a sexual, violent, or criminal offense of any kind was 6.4, 12.4, and 26.7, respectively. The sexual Recidivists scored higher on the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST), and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). The violent Recidivists had higher MAST and PCL-R scores as well as more violence in their police records. Regarding any criminal recidivism, Recidivists were older and reported higher rates of being physically abused, and being removed from their homes prior to 16 years of age. They demonstrated more hostility on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and higher MAST and PCL-R scores. They also had more previous charges or convictions for sexual, violent, and criminal acts. A combination of total criminal offenses, PCL-R, age, and the number of previous sexual offenses correctly classified 97.6% of the nonRecidivists and 35.4% of the Recidivists for any reoffense.
