The Experts below are selected from a list of 3900 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthijs Van Den Bos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The promised land of Fadak: locating religious nationalism in Shiite politics
British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2021Co-Authors: Matthijs Van Den BosAbstract:Yāsir al-Ḥabīb is a Britain-based cleric of Kuwaiti origin who aims to establish a religious state in the Persian Gulf region. This article assesses his project as a particular form of Shiite polit...
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Shiite patterns of post-migration in Europe. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations
2019Co-Authors: Matthijs Van Den BosAbstract:This brief reflection treats the reactive relation between the dispersions of (post-)migration and the integralism of religion in selected cases of European Shiism. It reconsiders reports on Twelver Shiism and Shiite Muslims in Europe in order to discern the main institutional and demographic tendencies in Shiites’ European settlement history in Britain, France, and Germany, and to explore such settlement in light of mega-theorizations of European Islam that juxtapose ‘integration’ and ‘separation’. The presentation focuses on Iranians in Britain and argues for the centrality of two complicating variations on the pattern: Integration-Retention (as in the case of blood donation practice) and Separation-Appropriation (as in the case of reformist Islamism in the Ettehādiye Society). Each type stems from heightened Self-Other reflection, triggered by migration and defined more precisely in terms of boundary setting. Such thought is double-scaled for differentiation (d) and reciprocation (r), contrasting jurisprudential treatments ‘there’ (+d/-r) and organizational engagement ‘here’ (-d/+r). Identity formation in European Shiism often involves the rebalancing of these elements.
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Shiite patterns of post migration in europe islam and christian muslim relations
2019Co-Authors: Matthijs Van Den BosAbstract:This brief reflection treats the reactive relation between the dispersions of (post-)migration and the integralism of religion in selected cases of European Shiism. It reconsiders reports on Twelver Shiism and Shiite Muslims in Europe in order to discern the main institutional and demographic tendencies in Shiites’ European settlement history in Britain, France, and Germany, and to explore such settlement in light of mega-theorizations of European Islam that juxtapose ‘integration’ and ‘separation’. The presentation focuses on Iranians in Britain and argues for the centrality of two complicating variations on the pattern: Integration-Retention (as in the case of blood donation practice) and Separation-Appropriation (as in the case of reformist Islamism in the Ettehādiye Society). Each type stems from heightened Self-Other reflection, triggered by migration and defined more precisely in terms of boundary setting. Such thought is double-scaled for differentiation (d) and reciprocation (r), contrasting jurisprudential treatments ‘there’ (+d/-r) and organizational engagement ‘here’ (-d/+r). Identity formation in European Shiism often involves the rebalancing of these elements.
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‘Western seminary’: On transnational Shiite higher education in Britain
Social Compass, 2015Co-Authors: Matthijs Van Den BosAbstract:In this article the author delves beneath the surface of Shiite higher education in Britain to discover whether it constitutes a case for ‘European Islam’. Juxtaposing the theorisation of Islam in Europe with a commonly unrelated body of scholarship on education and citizenship, it examines a paradox of integrative blending and foreign frames. Understanding Western Shiite education requires recognition of both local identity and transnational ties, as well as the relationships between them. The author focuses on the Shiite Al-Mahdi Institute and the Islamic College in Britain, analysing on the one hand their local profiles, defined by efforts to engage with their Western environment, and on the other hand their organic foreign embedding, whether through state ties or links to educational and religious establishments. Dumont’s concept of hierarchy as ‘encompassment of the contrary’ is invoked to account for this paradoxical relationship, from which emerges a scale of differences between the two institutions.
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Conjectures on Solṭānᶜalīshāh, the Valāyat-nāme and Shiite Sufi authority
Sociology of Islam, 2015Co-Authors: Matthijs Van Den BosAbstract:Few concepts if any are more central to Shiite Sufism (as to Shiism generally) than valāyat, and the current essay briefly explores its significance in and around an Iranian treatise of the early twentieth-century named the Valāyat-nāme. Three perspectives frame the discussion: the modern theory of friendship generally, Christian mystical and Islamic concepts of Friendship with God, and (Sunni and) Shiite Sufi authority. It is proposed that typical Islamic formulations of Friendship with God are particularised from their mentioned Christian and secular counterparts by the Friend’s conception as an initiatory patron, which provides a basis to Sufi authority. Given that Sufi claims to patronage remain contested in Shiite spheres, where legitimacy is predicated on subordination to the Imamate, ambiguous articulations of hierarchy are crucial to understanding Shiite Sufi authority. The Valāyat-nāme read thus sheds light on the downfall of its author, the Sufi master Solṭānᶜalīshāh (d.1909). The latter’s projection of spiritual authority unravelled on interrelated religious, economic and political grounds, in the context of the Constitutional Revolution in early twentieth-century provincial Khorasan.
Kiarash Aramesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shiite Perspective on the Moral Status of the Early Human Embryo: A Critical Review.
Journal of religion and health, 2017Co-Authors: Kiarash ArameshAbstract:According to Shiite perspective, the relative inviolability of the human embryo starts at the time of implantation and attains complete ethical status at ensoulment. Different paradigms of embryology have been influential on the understanding of Shiite jurists of the relevant Qur’anic verses. This paper provides a critical review of the process of issuing religious decrees on issues related to the early human life and concludes that Shiite jurisprudence needs to obtain consistency in its adopted account of embryology and adopt a proactive approach toward the bioethical new-emerging issues.
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the compatibility between Shiite and kantian approach to passive voluntary euthanasia
Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Soroush Dabbagh, Kiarash ArameshAbstract:Euthanasia is one of the controversial topics in current medical ethics. Among the six well-known types of euthanasia, passive voluntary euthanasia (PVE) seems to be more plausible in comparison with other types, from the moral point of view. According to the Kantian framework, ethical features come from ‘reason’. Maxims are formulated as categorical imperative which has three different versions. Moreover, the second version of categorical imperative which is dubbed ‘principle of ends’ is associated with human dignity. It follows from this that human dignity has an indisputable role in the Kantian story. On the other hand, there are two main theological schools in Islamic tradition which are called: Ash’arite and Mu’tazilite. Moreover, there are two main Islamic branches: Shiite and Sunni. From the theological point of view, Shiite’s theoretical framework is similar to the Mu’tazilite one. According to Shiite and Mu’tazilite perspectives, moral goodness and badness can be discovered by reason, on its own. Accordingly, bioethical judgments can be made based on the very concept of human dignity rather than merely resorting to the Holy Scripture or religious jurisprudential deliberations. As far as PVE is concerned, the majority of Shiite scholars do not recognize a person’s right to die voluntarily. Similarly, on the basis of Kantian ethical themes, PVE is immoral, categorically speaking. According to Shiite framework, however, PVE could be moral in some ethical contexts. In other words, in such contexts, the way in which Shiite scholars deal with PVE is more similar to Rossian ethics rather than the Kantian one.
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A Shiite perspective toward abortion
DARU, 2006Co-Authors: Kiarash ArameshAbstract:All schools of Islamic jurisprudence regard abortion as wrong and forbidden and allow abortion only before the stage of ensoulment, if the continuation of pregnancy would endanger the mother's life or put her into intolerable difficulties. In this article we describe and assess the viewpoint of Shiite jurisprudence toward abortion. Using a selected collection of related references, and discussion describes with experts, this article the abortion in Shiite jurisprudence. In the Shiite jurisprudence, the ensoulment occurs after about 4 months. Before this stage, all Shiite authorities regard abortion as forbidden (Hiram) unless if continuing the pregnancy would put the mother's life in real danger or will be intolerable for her. But after that, they regard abortion as Hiram, unless in conditions in which continuing the pregnancy results in dying of both mother and fetus, but abortion will save the life of mother. However, the Shiite authorities have not accepted to legitimate abortion in unwanted pregnancies and even in pregnancies resulted from adultery (Zina) or rape. The debate over abortion is still controversial as ever. There are some important and notable related Fatwas that make jurisprudical basis for some new and problem solving legal acts, showing the inherent and valuable flexibility of the Shiite jurisprudence in dealing with such important issues. Some related issues, such as the priority of saving the life of mother after ensoulment can be referred to jurisprudical authorities for more assessment.
Jelle. Puelings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fearing a 'Shiite Octopus'. Sunni – Shi'a relations and the implications for Belgium and Europe. Egmont Paper No. 35, January 2010
2010Co-Authors: Jelle. PuelingsAbstract:In this paper we will try to give an evaluation of this alleged shift in the Sunni-Shi' a power balance, and point out the possible consequences for Belgium and the EU emanating from this controversy....We have treated the subject from two different angles. First of all, we looked at the level of regional politics and tried to formulate a context in which we have to see the Sunni fear for the conception of a 'Shiite Crescent', a geopolitical construction in which Shiites take over power in the Middle East, thus making the region the backyard of Iran....The second part focuses on the actual Sunni-Shi'a relations, varying from a Wahhabi hostility towards the religious identity of Shiism to a search for rapprochement and coexistence.
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fearing a Shiite octopus sunni shi a relations and the implications for belgium and europe egmont paper no 35 january 2010
2010Co-Authors: Jelle. PuelingsAbstract:In this paper we will try to give an evaluation of this alleged shift in the Sunni-Shi' a power balance, and point out the possible consequences for Belgium and the EU emanating from this controversy....We have treated the subject from two different angles. First of all, we looked at the level of regional politics and tried to formulate a context in which we have to see the Sunni fear for the conception of a 'Shiite Crescent', a geopolitical construction in which Shiites take over power in the Middle East, thus making the region the backyard of Iran....The second part focuses on the actual Sunni-Shi'a relations, varying from a Wahhabi hostility towards the religious identity of Shiism to a search for rapprochement and coexistence.
Fatemeh Mahvan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shiite Art: The Study on the Hamle-ye Heydari’s Illustrated Manuscripts
2019Co-Authors: Fatemeh MahvanAbstract:One of the most important features of Shiite art is the heroic role of holy figures. Hamle-ye Heydari (The Battles of Heydari) is a religious epic poem which focuses on the battles of Imam Ali. This poem exists in various versions, the most important of which was composed by Bazel Mashhadi and dates back to 1741, containing 24,000 verses. The second most famous version was composed by Rajii Kermani in 1842, containing 30,000 verses. Hamle-ye Heydari was influenced primarily by two cultural and historical phenomena: On the one hand, Qur’anic and Shiite religious concepts and values, and on the other, the Shahnameh, Iran’s national epic. In effect, there are several similarities between Imam Ali in Hamle-ye Heydari and Rostam, the focus and main character of the Shahnameh . Some manuscripts of Hamle-ye Heydari are decorated with the miniatures; the focus of this paper is on these miniatures , in order to establish a relationship between the images and their accompanying text. The method of this research is to evaluate the miniatures of Hamle-ye Heydari along with the pictorial elements of each manuscript, for which 300 illustrated manuscript of Hamle-ye Heydari were collected. Following that, the relationship between the text and images is examined in order to determine whether or not the miniatures reflect both the epic and religious aspects the poem. Finally, the miniatures are analyzed to find the most important artistic features of Hamle-ye Heydari as Shiite art.
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Shiite art the study on the hamle ye heydari s illustrated manuscripts
[GKA VISUAL 2020] Congreso Internacional de Cultura Visual, 2019Co-Authors: Fatemeh MahvanAbstract:One of the most important features of Shiite art is the heroic role of holy figures. Hamle-ye Heydari (The Battles of Heydari) is a religious epic poem which focuses on the battles of Imam Ali. This poem exists in various versions, the most important of which was composed by Bazel Mashhadi and dates back to 1741, containing 24,000 verses. The second most famous version was composed by Rajii Kermani in 1842, containing 30,000 verses. Hamle-ye Heydari was influenced primarily by two cultural and historical phenomena: On the one hand, Qur’anic and Shiite religious concepts and values, and on the other, the Shahnameh, Iran’s national epic. In effect, there are several similarities between Imam Ali in Hamle-ye Heydari and Rostam, the focus and main character of the Shahnameh . Some manuscripts of Hamle-ye Heydari are decorated with the miniatures; the focus of this paper is on these miniatures , in order to establish a relationship between the images and their accompanying text. The method of this research is to evaluate the miniatures of Hamle-ye Heydari along with the pictorial elements of each manuscript, for which 300 illustrated manuscript of Hamle-ye Heydari were collected. Following that, the relationship between the text and images is examined in order to determine whether or not the miniatures reflect both the epic and religious aspects the poem. Finally, the miniatures are analyzed to find the most important artistic features of Hamle-ye Heydari as Shiite art.
Alexander R. Dawoody - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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GOVERNANCE AND THE Shiite POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN IRAQ
2005Co-Authors: Alexander R. DawoodyAbstract:Shortly after the death of prophet Muhammad in 632, the Shiite movement in Islam began and found an encouraging political climate to promote its growth and continuation as an opposition force to the successive political entities in the region of the Middle East. In Iraq, the Shiite political movement gained significance shortly after the creation of the modern state of Iraq in 1920 by the British colonial power. Although it was effective in its impact on the populace, the movement failed to gain a significant role in the making of the Iraqi political dynamics. The importance of the Shiite political movement in Iraq, however, changed after the collapse of the Iraqi Baath Party regime in 2003. This movement has emerged as a viable force in the construction of post-war Iraq and in the contribution to the progress of U.S. policy toward Iraq. This paper presents the historical development of Shiism in Islam as a whole and the trajectory of Shiism in contemporary Iraq as an opposition political movement in particular. In doing so, the paper uncovers several myths surrounding this movement that enabled it to
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GOVERNANCE AND THE Shiite POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN IRAQ
2005Co-Authors: Alexander R. DawoodyAbstract:Shortly after the death of prophet Muhammad in 632, the Shiite movement in Islam began and found an encouraging political climate to promote its growth and continuation as an opposition force to the successive political entities in the region of the Middle East. In Iraq, the Shiite political movement gained significance shortly after the creation of the modern state of Iraq in 1920 by the British colonial power. Although it was effective in its impact on the populace, the movement failed to gain a significant role in the making of the Iraqi political dynamics. The importance of the Shiite political movement in Iraq, however, changed after the collapse of the Iraqi Baath Party regime in 2003. This movement has emerged as a viable force in the construction of post-war Iraq and in the contribution to the progress of U.S. policy toward Iraq. This paper presents the historical development of Shiism in Islam as a whole and the trajectory of Shiism in contemporary Iraq as an opposition political movement in particular. In doing so, the paper uncovers several myths surrounding this movement that enabled it to become a sustained phenomenon in Iraqi history and political narrative.