The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sun Pengfei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oxygen Enriched Bottom Blowing Bath Smelting Temperature Control Method Based on Variable Universe Fuzzy-PID
2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems, 2013Co-Authors: Yu Hongxia, Sun PengfeiAbstract:The oxygen enriched bottom blowing furnace is one of the main equipment in production of copper matte, the Smelting process in oxygen enriched bottom blowing bath is integrated complexities, such as strong coupling, nonlinearity and large time delay. Temperature is key factor for matte grade and is difficult to control accurately. A variable universe fuzzy-PID controller was designed in this paper, the concept of variable universe was combined with fuzzy-PID, the scale factor and of error e(t) and the error rate of change e(t) was regulated according to their grade, the scale factor, β1(t), β2(t), β2(t) of correction parameters of PID controller was regulated according to α1(t) and α2(t), then the simulation results of conventional PID algorithm, fuzzy-PID algorithm and variable universe fuzzy-PID algorithm of the oxygen enriched bottom blowing bath Smelting Temperature control system were compared with each other.
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Oxygen Enriched Bottom Blowing Bath Smelting Temperature Control Method Based on Variable Universe Fuzzy-PID
2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICINIS), 2013Co-Authors: Yu Hongxia, Sun PengfeiAbstract:The oxygen enriched bottom blowing furnace is one of the main equipment in production of copper matte, the Smelting process in oxygen enriched bottom blowing bath is integrated complexities, such as strong coupling, nonlinearity and large time delay. Temperature is key factor for matte grade and is difficult to control accurately. A variable universe fuzzy-PID controller was designed in this paper, the concept of variable universe was combined with fuzzy-PID, the scale factor α1( t ) and α2 ( t ) of error e(t) and the error rate of change é(t) was regulated according to their grade, the scale factor, β1 ( t ) , β2 ( t ) , β3 ( t ) of correction parameters of PID controller was regulated according to α1( t ) and α2( t ), then the simulation results of conventional PID algorithm, fuzzy-PID algorithm and variable universe fuzzy-PID algorithm of the oxygen enriched bottom blowing bath Smelting Temperature control system were compared with each other.
Dieter Neuschütz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A thermodynamic model of nickel Smelting and direct high-grade nickel matte Smelting processes: Part II. distribution behaviors of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, As, Sb, and Bi
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001Co-Authors: Dieter NeuschützAbstract:A thermodynamic model has been developed to predict the distribution behavior of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, S, As, Sb, and Bi in nickel Smelting and direct high-grade nickel matte Smelting processes. The model has been validated by numerous experimental data and industrial data with a wide range of operating conditions. The effect of operating conditions on the distributions of Ni, Cu, Co, As, Sb, and Bi among the gas, matte, and slag phases has been investigated. It was found that the distribution behavior of Ni, Co, Cu, As, Sb, and Bi in the nickel Smelting furnace depends on process parameters such as the Smelting Temperature, matte grade, oxygen enrichment, Fe/SiO_2 ratio in the slag, Cu/Ni ratio in charge, and oil/air ratio. The parameters also have an influence on the behavior of Fe_3O_4 in the slag.
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A thermodynamic model of nickel Smelting and direct high-grade nickel matte Smelting processes: Part I. Model development and validation
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2001Co-Authors: Dieter NeuschützAbstract:A thermodynamic model has been developed to predict the distribution behavior of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, S, As, Sb, and Bi in the Outokumpu flash-Smelting process, the Outokumpu direct high-grade matte Smelting process, and the INCO flash-Smelting process. In this model, as many as 16 elements (Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, As, Sb, Bi, S, O, Al, Ca, Mg, Si, N, C, and H) are considered, and two nickel sulfide species are used to allow for modeling of sulfur-deficient mattes. The compositions of the matte, slag, and gaseous phases in equilibrium are calculated using Gibbs free energies of formation and the activity coefficients of the components derived from the experimental data. The model predictions are compared with the known industrial data from the Kalgoorlie Nickel Smelter (Kalgoorlie, Australia), the Outokumpu Harjavalta Nickel Smelter (Harjavalta, Finland), the INCO Metals Company (Sudbury, Canada), and from a number of experimental data. An excellent agreement is obtained. It was found that the distribution behaviors of Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, S, As, Sb, and Bi in the nickel Smelting furnace depend on process parameters such as the Smelting Temperature, matte grade, and partial pressure of oxygen in the process.
Yu Hongxia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oxygen Enriched Bottom Blowing Bath Smelting Temperature Control Method Based on Variable Universe Fuzzy-PID
2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems, 2013Co-Authors: Yu Hongxia, Sun PengfeiAbstract:The oxygen enriched bottom blowing furnace is one of the main equipment in production of copper matte, the Smelting process in oxygen enriched bottom blowing bath is integrated complexities, such as strong coupling, nonlinearity and large time delay. Temperature is key factor for matte grade and is difficult to control accurately. A variable universe fuzzy-PID controller was designed in this paper, the concept of variable universe was combined with fuzzy-PID, the scale factor and of error e(t) and the error rate of change e(t) was regulated according to their grade, the scale factor, β1(t), β2(t), β2(t) of correction parameters of PID controller was regulated according to α1(t) and α2(t), then the simulation results of conventional PID algorithm, fuzzy-PID algorithm and variable universe fuzzy-PID algorithm of the oxygen enriched bottom blowing bath Smelting Temperature control system were compared with each other.
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Oxygen Enriched Bottom Blowing Bath Smelting Temperature Control Method Based on Variable Universe Fuzzy-PID
2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICINIS), 2013Co-Authors: Yu Hongxia, Sun PengfeiAbstract:The oxygen enriched bottom blowing furnace is one of the main equipment in production of copper matte, the Smelting process in oxygen enriched bottom blowing bath is integrated complexities, such as strong coupling, nonlinearity and large time delay. Temperature is key factor for matte grade and is difficult to control accurately. A variable universe fuzzy-PID controller was designed in this paper, the concept of variable universe was combined with fuzzy-PID, the scale factor α1( t ) and α2 ( t ) of error e(t) and the error rate of change é(t) was regulated according to their grade, the scale factor, β1 ( t ) , β2 ( t ) , β3 ( t ) of correction parameters of PID controller was regulated according to α1( t ) and α2( t ), then the simulation results of conventional PID algorithm, fuzzy-PID algorithm and variable universe fuzzy-PID algorithm of the oxygen enriched bottom blowing bath Smelting Temperature control system were compared with each other.
Motang Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solution behavior of ZnS and ZnO in eutectic Na 2 CO 3 −NaCl molten salt used for Sb Smelting
Journal of Central South University, 2017Co-Authors: Longgang Ye, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Yu-jie Hu, Motang TangAbstract:The solution behavior, including solubility, reactivity and sedimentation, of ZnO and ZnS in a Na2CO3−NaCl molten salt used for Sb Smelting was investigated in the Temperature range of 700-1000 oC. The saturated amount of dissolved ZnO in the molten salt remained constant at 0.02% and was unaffected by Temperature; additionally, ZnO did not react with the molten salt. In contrast, the saturated amount of dissolved ZnS in the eutectic molten salt increased with increasing Temperature, and the content of ZnS was 0.53% at 1000 oC. In addition, ZnS reacted with Na2CO3 above 900 oC to give ZnO. The sedimentation rates of these three species in the molten salt followed the order of Sb>ZnS>ZnO. It was thus concluded that ZnO is an appropriate sulfur-fixing agent for low-Temperature Sb Smelting in a Na2CO3−NaCl molten medium, and that the optimal Smelting Temperature is below 900 oC.
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One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite Concentrate Using Iron Oxide as Sulfur-Fixing Agent
Metals, 2016Co-Authors: Yun Li, Shenghai Yang, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Motang TangAbstract:A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low Temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation Smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition and composition, ferric oxide dosage, Smelting Temperature and duration on extraction efficiency of antimony were investigated in details, respectively. The optimum conditions were determined as follows: 1.0 time stoichiometric requirement (α) of mixed sodium salt (αsalt = 1.0), WNaCl:Wsalt = 40%, αFe2O3 = 1.0, Wcoke:Wstibnite = 40%, where W represents weight, Smelting at 850 °C (1123 K) for 60 min. Under the optimum conditions, the direct recovery rate of antimony can reach 91.48%, and crude antimony with a purity of 96.00% has been achieved. 95.31% of sulfur is fixed in form of FeS in the presence of iron oxide. Meanwhile, precious metals contained in stibnite concentrate are enriched and recovered comprehensively in crude antimony. In comparison to traditional antimony pyrometallurgical process, the Smelting Temperature of present process is reduced from 1150–1200 °C (1423–1473 K) to 850–900 °C (1123–1173 K). Sulfur obtained in stibnite is fixed in FeS which avoids SO2 emission owing to the sulfur-fixing agent. Sodium salt can be regenerated and recycled in Smelting system when the molten slag is operated to filter solid residue. The solid residue is subjected to mineral dressing operation to obtain iron sulfide concentrate which can be sold directly or roasted to regenerate into iron oxide.
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separation of bismuth from a bismuth glance concentrate through a low Temperature Smelting process
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2013Co-Authors: Dewen He, Jianguang Yang, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Motang TangAbstract:The present study aims to characterize and separate bismuth from a bismuth glance concentrate through a low-Temperature sulfur-fixing Smelting process. It reports on the effects of the optimization of process parameters such as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) weight percentage in charging, Smelting Temperature, and Smelting duration on the bismuth yield and resultant crude bismuth grade. A maximum bismuth recovery rate of 97.31% and a crude bismuth grade of 96.93% are obtained when a charge (containing 63.5 wt% Na2CO3, 22.5 wt% bismuth glance, and 5% in excess of the stoichiometric requirement of ZnO dosage) is smelted at 900°C for 150 min. Based on the results of the chemical content analysis of separated ZnS, more than 93% ZnS can be recovered, and the recovered ZnS grade can reach 60.2%.
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separation of antimony from a stibnite concentrate through a low Temperature Smelting process to eliminate so2 emission
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2011Co-Authors: Jianguang Yang, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Motang TangAbstract:The main purpose of this study is to characterize and separate antimony from a stibnite concentrate through a low-Temperature sulfur-fixing Smelting process. This article reports on a study conducted on the optimization of process parameters, such as flux and zinc oxide weight percentage, in charging, Smelting Temperature, Smelting duration on the antimony yield, resultant crude antimony grade, and sulfur-fixing rate. A maximum antimony recovery of 97.07 pct, crude antimony grade of 96.45 pct, and 98.61 pct sulfur-fixing rate are obtained when a charge (containing 63.20 wt pct of flux and 21.30 wt pct of stibnite, a flux composition of \( W_{\text{NaOH}} /W_{{{\text{Na}}_{ 2} {\text{CO}}_{3} }} \) = 10/147, where W represents weight, and more than 10 pct of the stoichiometric requirement of zinc oxide dosage) is smelted at 1153 K (880 °C) for 120 minutes. This Smelting operation is free from atmospheric pollution because zinc oxide is used as the sulfur-fixing agent. The solid residue is subjected to mineral dressing operation to obtain suspension, which is filtered ultimately to produce a cake, representing the solid particles of zinc sulfide. Based on the results of the chemical content analysis of as-resultant zinc sulfide, more than 90 pct zinc sulfide can be recovered, and the recovered zinc sulfide grade can reach 66.70 pct. This material can be sold as zinc sulfide concentrate or roasted to regenerate into zinc oxide.
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thermodynamics calculation and experimental study on separation of bismuth from a bismuth glance concentrate through a low Temperature molten salt Smelting process
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2011Co-Authors: Jianguang Yang, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Dewen He, Motang TangAbstract:The main purpose of this study is to characterize and separate bismuth from a bismuth glance concentrate through a low-Temperature, sulfur-fixing Smelting process. This article reports on a study conducted on the optimization of process parameters, such as Na2CO3 and zinc oxide wt pct in charging, Smelting Temperature, Smelting duration on the bismuth yield, resultant crude bismuth grade, and sulfur-fixing rate. A maximum bismuth recovery of 97.31 pct, crude bismuth grade of 96.93 pct, and 98.23 pct sulfur-fixing rate are obtained when a charge (containing 63.50 wt pct of Na2CO3 and 22.50 wt pct of bismuth glance, as well as 5 pct in excess of the stoichiometric requirement of zinc oxide dosage) is smelted at 1000 K (727 °C) for 150 minutes. This Smelting operation is free from atmospheric pollution because zinc oxide is used as the sulfur-fixing agent, which can capture sulfur from bismuth sulfide and form the more thermodynamic-stable compound, zinc sulfide. The solid residue is subjected to a mineral dressing operation to obtain suspension, which is filtered to produce a cake, representing the solid particles of zinc sulfide. Based on the results of the chemical content analysis of the as-resultant zinc sulfide, more than 93 pct zinc sulfide can be recovered, and the recovered zinc sulfide grade can reach 60.20 pct. This material can be sold as zinc sulfide concentrate or roasted to be regenerated as zinc oxide.
Yongming Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cleaner extraction of lead from complex lead-containing wastes by reductive sulfur-fixing Smelting with low SO 2 emission
Minerals, 2019Co-Authors: Yun Li, Shenghai Yang, Pekka Taskinen, Jing He, Yuejun Wang, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Ari JokilaaksoAbstract:A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing Smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na2CO3-Na2SO4 mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO2 and CaO/SiO2, composition of the molten salt, coke addition, Smelting Temperature, and Smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: WCoke = 15% WPb wastes, W Na 2 CO 3 / W Na 2 SO 4 = 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2 = 1.10, CaO/SiO2 = 0.30, Smelting Temperature 1200 °C, and Smelting time 2 h, where W represents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4% Pb and 98.8% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2 can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS2, Fe2Zn3S5, and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O quaternary melt.
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Efficient Bath-Smelting Reduction of Antimony Oxide in FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O Quaternary Slag with Low Melting Point
JOM, 2019Co-Authors: Longgang Ye, Chaobo Tang, Yongming ChenAbstract:An FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O quaternary slag with low melting point was developed for the bath-Smelting reduction of Sb2O3. First, the optimum composition of the designed slag was determined through practical experiments to be 36.2% FeO, 31.9% SiO2, 12.0% CaO, and 20.0% Na2O, such that FeO/SiO2 was 1.14. The effects of the main variables influencing the yield and content of antimony in the Smelting slag were investigated in detail for the content-optimized slag, and the following optimum Smelting conditions were determined: Smelting duration of 50 min, rate of coke, i.e., coke dosage of 12.5 wt.%, and Smelting Temperature of 1000°C. These conditions enabled high recovery of antimony, > 92.0%, and low antimony content in the slag of around 0.97%; the values of both these parameters are superior to those achieved by existing processes.
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Solution behavior of ZnS and ZnO in eutectic Na 2 CO 3 −NaCl molten salt used for Sb Smelting
Journal of Central South University, 2017Co-Authors: Longgang Ye, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Yu-jie Hu, Motang TangAbstract:The solution behavior, including solubility, reactivity and sedimentation, of ZnO and ZnS in a Na2CO3−NaCl molten salt used for Sb Smelting was investigated in the Temperature range of 700-1000 oC. The saturated amount of dissolved ZnO in the molten salt remained constant at 0.02% and was unaffected by Temperature; additionally, ZnO did not react with the molten salt. In contrast, the saturated amount of dissolved ZnS in the eutectic molten salt increased with increasing Temperature, and the content of ZnS was 0.53% at 1000 oC. In addition, ZnS reacted with Na2CO3 above 900 oC to give ZnO. The sedimentation rates of these three species in the molten salt followed the order of Sb>ZnS>ZnO. It was thus concluded that ZnO is an appropriate sulfur-fixing agent for low-Temperature Sb Smelting in a Na2CO3−NaCl molten medium, and that the optimal Smelting Temperature is below 900 oC.
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One-Step Extraction of Antimony in Low Temperature from Stibnite Concentrate Using Iron Oxide as Sulfur-Fixing Agent
Metals, 2016Co-Authors: Yun Li, Shenghai Yang, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Motang TangAbstract:A new process for one-step extraction of antimony in low Temperature from stibnite concentrate by reductive sulfur-fixation Smelting in sodium molten salt, using iron oxide as sulfur-fixing agent, was presented. The influences of molten salt addition and composition, ferric oxide dosage, Smelting Temperature and duration on extraction efficiency of antimony were investigated in details, respectively. The optimum conditions were determined as follows: 1.0 time stoichiometric requirement (α) of mixed sodium salt (αsalt = 1.0), WNaCl:Wsalt = 40%, αFe2O3 = 1.0, Wcoke:Wstibnite = 40%, where W represents weight, Smelting at 850 °C (1123 K) for 60 min. Under the optimum conditions, the direct recovery rate of antimony can reach 91.48%, and crude antimony with a purity of 96.00% has been achieved. 95.31% of sulfur is fixed in form of FeS in the presence of iron oxide. Meanwhile, precious metals contained in stibnite concentrate are enriched and recovered comprehensively in crude antimony. In comparison to traditional antimony pyrometallurgical process, the Smelting Temperature of present process is reduced from 1150–1200 °C (1423–1473 K) to 850–900 °C (1123–1173 K). Sulfur obtained in stibnite is fixed in FeS which avoids SO2 emission owing to the sulfur-fixing agent. Sodium salt can be regenerated and recycled in Smelting system when the molten slag is operated to filter solid residue. The solid residue is subjected to mineral dressing operation to obtain iron sulfide concentrate which can be sold directly or roasted to regenerate into iron oxide.
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separation of bismuth from a bismuth glance concentrate through a low Temperature Smelting process
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2013Co-Authors: Dewen He, Jianguang Yang, Yongming Chen, Chaobo Tang, Motang TangAbstract:The present study aims to characterize and separate bismuth from a bismuth glance concentrate through a low-Temperature sulfur-fixing Smelting process. It reports on the effects of the optimization of process parameters such as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) weight percentage in charging, Smelting Temperature, and Smelting duration on the bismuth yield and resultant crude bismuth grade. A maximum bismuth recovery rate of 97.31% and a crude bismuth grade of 96.93% are obtained when a charge (containing 63.5 wt% Na2CO3, 22.5 wt% bismuth glance, and 5% in excess of the stoichiometric requirement of ZnO dosage) is smelted at 900°C for 150 min. Based on the results of the chemical content analysis of separated ZnS, more than 93% ZnS can be recovered, and the recovered ZnS grade can reach 60.2%.