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Jayne Belnap - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • grazing induced changes to biological Soil Crust cover mediate hillslope erosion in long term exclosure experiment
    Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jayne Belnap, Stephen E Fick, Michael C Duniway
    Abstract:

    Abstract Dryland ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to erosion generated by livestock grazing. Quantifying this risk across a variety of landscape settings is essential for successful adaptive management, particularly in light of a changing climate. In the Upper Colorado River Basin, there are nearly 25 000 km2 of rangelands with underlying Soils derived from Mancos Shale, an erodible and saline geologic parent material. Salinity is a major concern within the Colorado River watershed, much of which is attributed to runoff and leaching from Mancos Shale deposits. In a 60-yr paired-watershed experiment in western Colorado, we used silt fences to measure differences in saline hillslope erosion, including both total sediment yield and concentrations of primary saline constituents (Na and Se), in watersheds that were either exposed to grazing or where livestock was excluded. After accounting for the strong effects of Soil type, slope, and antecedent precipitation, we found that grazing increased sediment loss by ≈50% across our 8-yr time series (0.1–1.5 tn ha−1), consistent with levels reported at the watershed scale in early published work from studies at the same location. Eroded sediment Se levels were low and unaffected by grazing history, but Na concentrations were significantly reduced on grazed hillslopes, likely due to depletion of surface Na in Soils exposed to chronic Soil disturbance by livestock. Variable selection and path analysis identified that biological Soil Crust (BSC) cover, more than any other variable, explained the differences in sediment yields between grazed and ungrazed watersheds, partially through the enhancement of Soil aggregate stability. Our results suggest that BSC cover should be granted heightened consideration in rangeland decision support tools (e.g., state-and-transition models) and that measures to reduce surface disturbance from livestock such as altering the timing or intensity of grazing may be effective for reducing downstream impacts.

  • biological Soil Crust and disturbance controls on surface hydrology in a semi arid ecosystem
    Ecosphere, 2017
    Co-Authors: Akasha M Faist, Jayne Belnap, Jeffrey E Herrick, Justin W Van Zee, Nichole N Barger
    Abstract:

    Biological Soil Crust communities (bioCrusts) play an important role in surface hydrologic processes in dryland ecosystems and can be dramatically altered with Soil surface disturbance. In this study, through a simulated rainfall experiment, we examined bioCrust hydrologic responses to disturbance (trampling and scraping) at different developmental stages on sandy Soils on the Colorado Plateau. Our results showed that all disturbance treatments of the early-successional light cyanobacterial bioCrusts reduced runoff after 10 min of cumulative rainfall. Scraped and scraped + trampled treatments also reduced runoff after 30 min in the light bioCrust when compared to the intact controls but runoff in the trampling treatments was not significantly reduced. Light bioCrust sediment loss trended toward a decrease in total amount of sediment lost in all disturbance treatments but not significantly so. In contrast, trampling well-developed dark cyano-lichen bioCrusts demonstrated an opposite response than the less-developed light bioCrusts and increased runoff after 30 min of cumulative rainfall and in total sediment loss relative to intact controls. Scraping in dark Crusts did not increase runoff, implying that Soil aggregate structure was important to the infiltration process. Well-developed, intact dark bioCrusts generally had lower runoff and sediment loss and highest aggregate stability, whereas the less-developed light bioCrusts were highest in runoff and sediment loss after disturbance when compared to the controls. These results suggest the importance of maintaining the well-developed dark bioCrusts, as they are beneficial for lowering runoff and reducing Soil loss and redistribution on the landscape. These data also suggest that upslope patches of light bioCrust may either support water transport to downslope vegetation patches or alternatively this runoff may place dark bioCrust patches at risk of disruption and loss, given that light patches increase runoff and thus Soil erosion potential.

  • Synthesis on Biological Soil Crust Research
    Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands, 2016
    Co-Authors: Bettina Weber, Jayne Belnap, Burkhard Büdel
    Abstract:

    In this closing chapter, we summarize the advances in biological Soil Crust (bioCrust) research made during the last 1.5 decades. In the first part of the chapter, we discuss how in some research fields, such as the microbial diversity of fungi, bacteria, and microfauna, the interaction between bioCrusts and vascular plants, and in the rehabilitation of bioCrusts, particularly large achievements have been made. We also review the corroboration and refinement of previously established knowledge in other research areas, e.g., in the fields of Soil stabilization and disturbance effects.

  • climate change and physical disturbance manipulations result in distinct biological Soil Crust communities
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Blaire Steven, Sasha C Reed, Cheryl R Kuske, La Verne Gallegosgraves, Jayne Belnap
    Abstract:

    Biological Soil Crusts (bioCrusts) colonize plant interspaces in many drylands and are critical to Soil nutrient cycling. Multiple climate change and land use factors have been shown to detrimentally impact bioCrusts on a macroscopic (i.e., visual) scale. However, the impact of these perturbations on the bacterial components of the bioCrusts remains poorly understood. We employed multiple long-term field experiments to assess the impacts of chronic physical (foot trampling) and climatic changes (2°C Soil warming, altered summer precipitation [wetting], and combined warming and wetting) on bioCrust bacterial biomass, composition, and metabolic profile. The bioCrust bacterial communities adopted distinct states based on the mechanism of disturbance. Chronic trampling decreased biomass and caused small community compositional changes. Soil warming had little effect on bioCrust biomass or composition, while wetting resulted in an increase in the cyanobacterial biomass and altered bacterial composition. Warming combined with wetting dramatically altered bacterial composition and decreased Cyanobacteria abundance. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified four functional gene categories that differed in relative abundance among the manipulations, suggesting that climate and land use changes affected Soil bacterial functional potential. This study illustrates that different types of bioCrust disturbance damage bioCrusts in macroscopically similar ways, but they differentially impact the resident Soil bacterial communities, and the communities' functional profiles can differ depending on the disturbance type. Therefore, the nature of the perturbation and the microbial response are important considerations for management and restoration of drylands.

  • impacts of biological Soil Crust disturbance and composition on c and n loss from water erosion
    Biogeochemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Jayne Belnap, Jeffrey E Herrick, Justin W Van Zee, Nichole N Barger
    Abstract:

    In this study, we conducted rainfall simulation experiments in a cool desert ecosystem to examine the role of biological Soil Crust disturbance and composition on dissolved and sedi- ment C and N losses. We compared runoff and sediment C and N losses from intact late- successional dark cyanolichen Crusts (intact) to both trampled dark Crusts (trampled) and dark Crusts where the top 1 cm of the Soil surface was removed (scraped). In a second experiment, we compared C and N losses in runoff and sediments in early-successional light cyanobacterial Crusts (light) to that of intact late-successional dark cyanolichen Crusts (dark). A relatively high rainfall intensity of approximately 38 mm per 10-min period was used to ensure that at least some runoff was generated from all plots. Losses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonium (NH4 + ) were significantly higher from trampled plots as com- pared to scraped and intact plots. Sediment C and N losses, which made up more than 98% of total nutrient losses in all treatments, were more than 4-fold higher from trampled plots relative to intact plots (sediment C g/m 2 , intact = 0.74, trampled = 3.47; sediment N g/m 2 , in- tact = 0.06, trampled = 0.28). In light Crusts, DOC loss was higher relative to dark Crusts, but no differences were observed in dissolved N. Higher sediment loss in light Crusts relative to dark Crusts resulted in 5-fold higher loss of sediment-bound C and N. Total C flux (sedi- ment + dissolved) was on the order of 0.9 and 7.9 g/m 2 for dark and light Crusts, respectively. Sediment N concentration in the first minutes after runoff from light Crusts was 3-fold higher than the percent N of the top 1 cm of Soil, suggesting that even short-term runoff events may have a high potential for N loss due to the movement of sediments highly enriched in N. Total N loss from dark Crusts was an order of magnitude lower than light Crusts (dark = 0.06 g N/m 2 , light = 0.63 g/m 2 ). Overall, our results from the small plot scale (0.5 m 2 ) suggest that C and N losses are much lower from intact late-successional cyanolichen Crusts as compared to recently disturbed or early-successional light cyanobacterial Crusts.

O. L. Lange - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • lichen species dominance and the resulting photosynthetic behavior of sonoran desert Soil Crust types baja california mexico
    Ecological processes, 2013
    Co-Authors: Burkhard Büdel, Mercedes Vivas, O. L. Lange
    Abstract:

    Lichen dominated biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) occur over large areas in the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern USA and northwest Mexico. In Baja California BSCs show a distinct patchiness and several types can be distinguished. Two chlorolichen- and two cyanolichen-dominated BSCs were selected. We hypothesize that patchiness and the resulting domination of certain functional lichen groups will result in patchiness of photosynthetic CO2-uptake related to environmental factors as well. Four different Soil Crust samples were placed in cuvettes and their CO2 exchange was recorded in an open system with an infrared gas analyzer. Air blown over the BSCs had a controlled CO2 content of 350 ppm. Four cuvettes were operated in parallel. Photosynthetic CO2 exchange was continually recorded throughout the experiment. Besides the dominating chlorolichens Psora decipiens and Placidium squamulosum and the cyanolichens Peltula patellata and P. richardsii, several other lichen species and 12 cyanobacterial species were found in the biological Soil Crusts sampled. The chlorolichen BSCs already gained positive net photosynthesis with high air humidity alone, while the cyanolichen types did not, but showed smaller CO2-uptake depression after water suprasaturation. Such specific net photosynthesis responses to mode of hydration and to Crust water content seem to correlate with precipitation characteristics of their habitat. Species specific photosynthetic performance related to activation of respiration and net photosynthesis as well as to Crust water content help to explain niche occupation and species composition of BSCs. Different functional types have to be considered when they have a patchy distribution.

  • photosynthesis of Soil Crust biota as dependent on environmental factors
    2001
    Co-Authors: O. L. Lange
    Abstract:

    Limited productivity of vascular plant communities in semiarid and arid regions generally results in low Soil organic carbon content. In these situations, Crust biota can be the most important autotrophic contributors of fixed carbon, delivering this carbon to the Soil ecosystem by leaching and decaying processes. The photosynthetic carbon assimilation of Crustal organisms thus plays an important role by contributing to the humus reservoir of the Soil, supporting heterotrophic Soil life, and supplying nutrients for the phanerogamous vegetation (see Beymer and Klopatek 1991 and Chaps. 19–21).

  • photosynthesis of the cyanobacterial Soil Crust lichen collema tenax from arid lands in southern utah usa role of water content on light and temperature responses of co2 exchange
    Functional Ecology, 1998
    Co-Authors: O. L. Lange, Jayne Belnap, Hans Reichenberger
    Abstract:

    1. The gelatinous cyanobacterial Collema tenax is a dominant lichen of biotic Soil Crusts in the western United States. In laboratory experiments, we studied CO2 exchange of this species as dependent on water content (WC), light and temperature. Results are compared with performance of green-algal lichens of the same site investigated earlier. 2. As compared with published data, photosynthetic capacity of C. tenax is higher than that of other cyanobacterial and green-algal Soil-Crust species studied. At all temperatures and photon flux densities of ecological relevance, net photosynthesis (NP) shows a strong depression at high degrees of hydration; maximal apparent quantum-use efficiency of CO2 fixation is also reduced. Water requirements (moisture compensation point, WC for maximal NP) are higher than that of the green-algal lichens. Collema tenax exhibits extreme ‘sun plant’ features and is adapted to high thallus temperatures. 3. Erratic rain showers are the main source of moisture for Soil Crusts on the Colorado Plateau, quickly saturating the lichens with liquid water. High water-holding capacity of C. tenax ensures extended phases of favourable hydration at conditions of high light and temperature after the rain for substantial photosynthetic production. Under such conditions the cyanobacterial lichen appears superior over its green-algal competitors, which seem better adapted to habitats with high air humidity, dew or fog as prevailing source of moisture.

  • photosynthesis of green algal Soil Crust lichens from arid lands in southern utah usa role of water content on light and temperature responses of co2 exchange
    Flora, 1997
    Co-Authors: O. L. Lange, Hans Reichenberger, Jayne Belnap, A Meyer
    Abstract:

    Summary Biotic Soil Crusts are a worldwide phenomenon in arid and semi-arid landscapes. Metabolic activity of the poikilohydric organisms found in these Crusts is dominated by quick and drastic changes in moisture availability and long periods of drought. Under controlled conditions, we studied the role of water content on photosynthetic and respiratory CO 2 exchange of three green algal Soil Crust lichens from a desert site in southern Utah (USA): Diploschistes diacapsis (A ch .) L umbsch , Psora cerebriformis W. W eber , and Squamarina lentigera (W eber ) P oelt . Photosynthetic metabolism is activated by extremely small amounts of moisture; lower compensation values for net photosynthesis (NP) are reached between 0.05 and 0.27 mm of precipitation equivalent. Thus, the lichens can use very low degrees of hydration for carbon gain. Maximal NP occurs between 0.39 and 0.94 mm precipitation equivalent, and area-related rates equal 2.6–5.2 μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 . All three tested species show ‘sun plant’ features, including high light requirements for CO 2 exchange compensation and for NP saturation. Diploschistes diacapsis maintains high rates of NP at full water saturation. In contrast, suprasaturated thalli of the other two species show a strong depression in NP which can be removed or reduced by increased external CO 2 concentration. Consequently, this depression is most probably caused by increased thallus diffusive resistances due to pathway blockage by water. This depression will greatly limit carbon gain of these species in the field after heavy rain. It occurs at all temperatures of ecological relevance and also under conditions of low light. However, maximum water holding capacity of P. cerebriformis and S. lentigera is higher than that of D. diacapsis . This could mean that periods of hydration favorable for metabolic activity for those two species last longer than those of D. diacapsis . This might compensate for their lower rates of NP during suprasaturation. Thus, two different strategies might have developed for lichen existence in the specific and extreme arid Soil Crust habitat. Data about habitat conditions for the different lichen species are needed in order to test this hypothesis and to allow interpretation and prediction of perfonnance of these Soil Crust lichens in nature.

Hans Reichenberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • photosynthesis of the cyanobacterial Soil Crust lichen collema tenax from arid lands in southern utah usa role of water content on light and temperature responses of co2 exchange
    Functional Ecology, 1998
    Co-Authors: O. L. Lange, Jayne Belnap, Hans Reichenberger
    Abstract:

    1. The gelatinous cyanobacterial Collema tenax is a dominant lichen of biotic Soil Crusts in the western United States. In laboratory experiments, we studied CO2 exchange of this species as dependent on water content (WC), light and temperature. Results are compared with performance of green-algal lichens of the same site investigated earlier. 2. As compared with published data, photosynthetic capacity of C. tenax is higher than that of other cyanobacterial and green-algal Soil-Crust species studied. At all temperatures and photon flux densities of ecological relevance, net photosynthesis (NP) shows a strong depression at high degrees of hydration; maximal apparent quantum-use efficiency of CO2 fixation is also reduced. Water requirements (moisture compensation point, WC for maximal NP) are higher than that of the green-algal lichens. Collema tenax exhibits extreme ‘sun plant’ features and is adapted to high thallus temperatures. 3. Erratic rain showers are the main source of moisture for Soil Crusts on the Colorado Plateau, quickly saturating the lichens with liquid water. High water-holding capacity of C. tenax ensures extended phases of favourable hydration at conditions of high light and temperature after the rain for substantial photosynthetic production. Under such conditions the cyanobacterial lichen appears superior over its green-algal competitors, which seem better adapted to habitats with high air humidity, dew or fog as prevailing source of moisture.

  • photosynthesis of green algal Soil Crust lichens from arid lands in southern utah usa role of water content on light and temperature responses of co2 exchange
    Flora, 1997
    Co-Authors: O. L. Lange, Hans Reichenberger, Jayne Belnap, A Meyer
    Abstract:

    Summary Biotic Soil Crusts are a worldwide phenomenon in arid and semi-arid landscapes. Metabolic activity of the poikilohydric organisms found in these Crusts is dominated by quick and drastic changes in moisture availability and long periods of drought. Under controlled conditions, we studied the role of water content on photosynthetic and respiratory CO 2 exchange of three green algal Soil Crust lichens from a desert site in southern Utah (USA): Diploschistes diacapsis (A ch .) L umbsch , Psora cerebriformis W. W eber , and Squamarina lentigera (W eber ) P oelt . Photosynthetic metabolism is activated by extremely small amounts of moisture; lower compensation values for net photosynthesis (NP) are reached between 0.05 and 0.27 mm of precipitation equivalent. Thus, the lichens can use very low degrees of hydration for carbon gain. Maximal NP occurs between 0.39 and 0.94 mm precipitation equivalent, and area-related rates equal 2.6–5.2 μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 . All three tested species show ‘sun plant’ features, including high light requirements for CO 2 exchange compensation and for NP saturation. Diploschistes diacapsis maintains high rates of NP at full water saturation. In contrast, suprasaturated thalli of the other two species show a strong depression in NP which can be removed or reduced by increased external CO 2 concentration. Consequently, this depression is most probably caused by increased thallus diffusive resistances due to pathway blockage by water. This depression will greatly limit carbon gain of these species in the field after heavy rain. It occurs at all temperatures of ecological relevance and also under conditions of low light. However, maximum water holding capacity of P. cerebriformis and S. lentigera is higher than that of D. diacapsis . This could mean that periods of hydration favorable for metabolic activity for those two species last longer than those of D. diacapsis . This might compensate for their lower rates of NP during suprasaturation. Thus, two different strategies might have developed for lichen existence in the specific and extreme arid Soil Crust habitat. Data about habitat conditions for the different lichen species are needed in order to test this hypothesis and to allow interpretation and prediction of perfonnance of these Soil Crust lichens in nature.

Estelle Couradeau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spatial segregation of the biological Soil Crust microbiome around its foundational cyanobacterium microcoleus vaginatus and the formation of a nitrogen fixing cyanosphere
    Microbiome, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ana Giraldosilva, Estelle Couradeau, Francesca De Martini, Ferran Garciapichel
    Abstract:

    Biological Soil Crusts (bioCrusts) are a key component of arid land ecosystems, where they render critical services such as Soil surface stabilization and nutrient fertilization. The bundle-forming, filamentous, non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus is a pioneer primary producer, often the dominant member of the bioCrust microbiome, and the main source of leaked organic carbon. We hypothesized that, by analogy to the rhizosphere of plant roots, M. vaginatus may shape the microbial populations of heterotrophs around it, forming a specialized cyanosphere. By physically isolating bundles of M. vaginatus from bioCrusts, we were able to study the composition of the microbial populations attached to it, in comparison to the bulk Soil Crust microbiome by means of high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. We did this in two M. vaginatus-dominated bioCrust from distinct desert biomes. We found that a small, selected subset of OTUs was significantly enriched in close proximity to M. vaginatus. Furthermore, we also found that a majority of bacteria (corresponding to some two thirds of the reads) were significantly more abundant away from this cyanobacterium. Phylogenetic placements suggest that all typical members of the cyanosphere were copiotrophs and that many were diazotrophs (Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3). Nitrogen fixation genes were in fact orders of magnitude more abundant in this cyanosphere than in the bulk bioCrust Soil as assessed by qPCR. By contrary, competition for light, CO2, and low organic carbon concentrations defined at least a part of the OTUs segregating from the cyanobacterium. We showed that M. vaginatus acts as a significant spatial organizer of the bioCrust microbiome. On the one hand, it possesses a compositionally differentiated cyanosphere that concentrates the nitrogen-fixing function. We propose that a mutualism based on C for N exchange between M. vaginatus and copiotrophic diazotrophs helps sustains this cyanosphere and that this consortium constitutes the true pioneer community enabling the colonization of nitrogen-poor Soils. On the other hand, a large number of bioCrust community members segregate away from the vicinity of M. vaginatus, potentially through competition for light or CO2, or because of a preference for oligotrophy.

  • Spatial segregation of the biological Soil Crust microbiome around its foundational cyanobacterium, Microcoleus vaginatus, and the formation of a nitrogen-fixing cyanosphere
    BMC, 2019
    Co-Authors: Estelle Couradeau, Francesca De Martini, Ana Giraldo-silva, Ferran Garcia-pichel
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Biological Soil Crusts (bioCrusts) are a key component of arid land ecosystems, where they render critical services such as Soil surface stabilization and nutrient fertilization. The bundle-forming, filamentous, non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus is a pioneer primary producer, often the dominant member of the bioCrust microbiome, and the main source of leaked organic carbon. We hypothesized that, by analogy to the rhizosphere of plant roots, M. vaginatus may shape the microbial populations of heterotrophs around it, forming a specialized cyanosphere. Results By physically isolating bundles of M. vaginatus from bioCrusts, we were able to study the composition of the microbial populations attached to it, in comparison to the bulk Soil Crust microbiome by means of high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. We did this in two M. vaginatus-dominated bioCrust from distinct desert biomes. We found that a small, selected subset of OTUs was significantly enriched in close proximity to M. vaginatus. Furthermore, we also found that a majority of bacteria (corresponding to some two thirds of the reads) were significantly more abundant away from this cyanobacterium. Phylogenetic placements suggest that all typical members of the cyanosphere were copiotrophs and that many were diazotrophs (Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3). Nitrogen fixation genes were in fact orders of magnitude more abundant in this cyanosphere than in the bulk bioCrust Soil as assessed by qPCR. By contrary, competition for light, CO2, and low organic carbon concentrations defined at least a part of the OTUs segregating from the cyanobacterium. Conclusions We showed that M. vaginatus acts as a significant spatial organizer of the bioCrust microbiome. On the one hand, it possesses a compositionally differentiated cyanosphere that concentrates the nitrogen-fixing function. We propose that a mutualism based on C for N exchange between M. vaginatus and copiotrophic diazotrophs helps sustains this cyanosphere and that this consortium constitutes the true pioneer community enabling the colonization of nitrogen-poor Soils. On the other hand, a large number of bioCrust community members segregate away from the vicinity of M. vaginatus, potentially through competition for light or CO2, or because of a preference for oligotrophy

Emma K Steggles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biological Soil Crust and vascular plant interactions in western myall acacia papyrocarpa open woodland in south australia
    Journal of Vegetation Science, 2019
    Co-Authors: Emma K Steggles, Jose M Facelli, Phillip J Ainsley, L M Pound
    Abstract:

    AIM: Biological Soil Crust (BSC) is a key component of arid environments and plays a major role in determining ecological structure and function. Our research aim was to examine several mechanisms that contribute to BSC–plant interactions at species and community levels, to increase our understanding of plant community dynamics. LOCATION: Yellabinna Regional Reserve, South Australia (30°50′17.99″ S, 132°12′10.37″ E). METHODS: We used seed extraction techniques to examine Soil seed banks beneath patches with and without BSC, and field and glasshouse experiments to study the effects of Crust presence and disturbance on seedling emergence and survival. We also explored the influence of chemical leachates from BSC on seed germination. RESULTS: Biological Soil Crust plays a pivotal role in influencing spatial patterns in Soil seed bank composition. Our results showed less propagules accumulate in Soils beneath Crust when compared with patches without Crust, and that propagule size is a contributing factor to determining their distribution between patch types. We found that late‐stage BSC physically inhibited seedling emergence, which increased when the BSC was disturbed in field experiments. Low seedling survivorship in both patch types suggests that although BSC may suppress recruitment in favourable years, it is low precipitation levels that have the over‐riding impact on recruitment success. Finally, leachates from late‐stage BSC were found to inhibit germination in three annual plant species, whilst early‐stage BSC accelerated germination in one annual plant. This clearly shows that leachate effects on seed germination vary according to plant species and Crust successional stage. CONCLUSION: Overall, we identified several mechanisms through which BSC has complex effects on the annual and short‐lived perennial plant guilds of arid lands. These mechanisms contribute to species diversity through the creation of spatial heterogeneity in Soil seed bank structure and emergence opportunities.

  • Original data supporting results in the paper: Steggles EK, Facelli JM, Ainsley PJ and Pound LM (2019 in print) Biological Soil Crust and vascular plant interactions in Western Myall (Acacia papyrocarpa) open woodland in South Australia" Journal of V
    2019
    Co-Authors: Emma K Steggles, Jose M Facelli, Phillip J Ainsley, Leanne Pound
    Abstract:

    Original data supporting results in the paper:Emma K. Steggles, José M. Facelli, Phillip J. Ainsley and Leanne M. Pound (2019 in print) Biological Soil Crust and vascular plant interactions in Western Myall (Acacia papyrocarpa) open woodland in South Australia. Journal of Vegetation Science