The Experts below are selected from a list of 77133 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carolina Levis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pre columbian Soil Fertilization and current management maintain food resource availability in old growth amazonian forests
Plant and Soil, 2020Co-Authors: Carolina Levis, Marielos Penaclaros, Charles R Clement, Flavia R C Costa, Rubana Palhares Alves, Maria Julia Ferreira, Camila Guarim FigueiredoAbstract:The extent and persistence of pre-Columbian human legacies in old-growth Amazonian forests are still controversial, partly because modern societies re-occupied old settlements, challenging the distinction between pre- and post-Columbian legacies. Here, we compared the effects of pre-Columbian vs. recent landscape domestication processes on Soils and vegetation in two Amazonian regions. We studied forest landscapes at varying distances from pre-Columbian and current settlements inside protected areas occupied by traditional and indigenous peoples in the lower Tapajos and the upper-middle Madeira river basins. By conducting 69 free-listing interviews, participatory mappings, guided-tours, 27 forest inventories, and Soil analysis, we assessed the influences of pre-Columbian and current activities in Soils and plant resources surrounding the settlements. In both regions, we found that pre-Columbian villages were more densely distributed across the landscape than current villages. Soil nutrients (mainly Ca and P) were higher closer to pre-Columbian villages but were generally not related to current villages, suggesting past Soil Fertilization. Soil charcoal was frequent in all forests, suggesting frequent fire events. The density of domesticated plants used for food increased in phosphorus enriched Soils. In contrast, the density of plants used for construction decreased near current villages. We detected a significant effect of past Soil Fertilization on food resources over extensive areas, supporting the hypothesis that pre-Columbian landscape domestication left persistent marks on Amazonian landscapes. Our results suggest that a combination of pre-Columbian phosphorus Fertilization with past and current management drives plant resource availability in old-growth forests.
-
Pre-Columbian Soil Fertilization and current management maintain food resource availability in old-growth Amazonian forests
Plant and Soil, 2020Co-Authors: Carolina Levis, Charles R Clement, Flavia R C Costa, Rubana Palhares Alves, Maria Julia Ferreira, Camila Guarim Figueiredo, Marielos Peña-claros, Frans BongersAbstract:Aims The extent and persistence of pre-Columbian human legacies in old-growth Amazonian forests are still controversial, partly because modern societies re-occupied old settlements, challenging the distinction between pre- and post-Columbian legacies. Here, we compared the effects of pre-Columbian vs. recent landscape domestication processes on Soils and vegetation in two Amazonian regions. Methods We studied forest landscapes at varying distances from pre-Columbian and current settlements inside protected areas occupied by traditional and indigenous peoples in the lower Tapajós and the upper-middle Madeira river basins. By conducting 69 free-listing interviews, participatory mappings, guided-tours, 27 forest inventories, and Soil analysis, we assessed the influences of pre-Columbian and current activities in Soils and plant resources surrounding the settlements. Results In both regions, we found that pre-Columbian villages were more densely distributed across the landscape than current villages. Soil nutrients (mainly Ca and P) were higher closer to pre-Columbian villages but were generally not related to current villages, suggesting past Soil Fertilization. Soil charcoal was frequent in all forests, suggesting frequent fire events. The density of domesticated plants used for food increased in phosphorus enriched Soils. In contrast, the density of plants used for construction decreased near current villages. Conclusions We detected a significant effect of past Soil Fertilization on food resources over extensive areas, supporting the hypothesis that pre-Columbian landscape domestication left persistent marks on Amazonian landscapes. Our results suggest that a combination of pre-Columbian phosphorus Fertilization with past and current management drives plant resource availability in old-growth forests.
Anna Alfani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Nutrients and non-essential elements in edible crops following long-term mineral and compost Fertilization of a Mediterranean agricultural Soil
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019Co-Authors: Daniela Baldantoni, Giovanni Saviello, Anna AlfaniAbstract:The effects of long-term Soil Fertilizations on nutrient and non-essential element concentrations in edible parts of three crops important in human diet were investigated repeating four treatments (biowaste compost, biowaste compost plus mineral nitrogen, mineral NPK, unfertilized control) for seven consecutive years (2007–2014). Fruits of Solanum lycopersicum cv San Marzano collected in 2011 and 2012, bulbs of Allium cepa cv Bianca di Pompei collected in 2012 and 2013, and bulbs of Foeniculum vulgare cv Orbit collected in 2014 were analyzed. Wide variations in element concentrations were observed along time and among species, with Ca, K, Mg, and Na higher in fennel bulbs and Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn higher in tomato fruits, where Cd reached concentrations up to ninefold higher than the permitted values (EU Regulation n. 488/2014). Despite the enrichments in Soil total Cu and available Cd, Fe, K, Mn, and Zn concentrations due to long-term Fertilization with biowaste compost (alone or with mineral fertilizers), plants showed lower micronutrient and non-essential element concentrations in respect to those on unfertilized Soils. Considering the potential toxicity for human beings of these mobile and persistent elements, the obtained findings reassure on the safe use of biowaste compost in agriculture. Overall, this study suggests the use of compost as the most advisable Fertilization practice and highlights the need of multiple crops analysis in evaluating the effects of long-term Soil Fertilization on their chemical composition.
Qinxue Wen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of chlortetracycline on the fate of multi antibiotic resistance genes and the microbial community during swine manure composting
Environmental Pollution, 2017Co-Authors: Zhiqiang Chen, Yao Wang, Qinxue WenAbstract:Excessive use of antibiotics in breeding industry leads to accumulation of antibiotic residuals and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environment from improperly treated livestock excrements. Four commonly used veterinary antibiotics including chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamerazine (SMZ), enrofloxacin (ENR) and erythromycin (ERY) were monitored in the swine manure composting. Co-resistance and cross-resistance effects among relative ARGs, correlations between ARGs and bacterial community under multiple antibiotics residual during the composting were investigated in this research. With CTC addition up to 20 mg/kg, more than 99% of CTC removal was achieved after composting, and most of the other antibiotics can be thoroughly removed as well. The variations in ARGs during the composting were strongly correlated to the compositions of the microbial community, Bacteroides and Sporosarcina were main ARGs carriers in the thermophlic phase. Clostridium Ⅺ, Clostridium sensu stricto, and Pseudoxanthomonas, might spread ARGs in cooling and maturing stage. Most of the tested ARGs in swine manure can be effectively reduced through composting, thus makes the compost products safe for Soil Fertilization.
Gabriel De Carvalho Delalibera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF EUCALYPTUS CLONE I144 (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) IN RESPONSE TO FOLIAR AND Soil Fertilization
Random Structures and Algorithms, 2017Co-Authors: Ruan Francisco Firmano, Renan Ribeiro Barzan, Gustavo Adolfo De Freitas Fregonezi, João Arthur Antonangelo, Thadeu Rodrigues De Melo, Gabriel De Carvalho DelaliberaAbstract:The nutritional management of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) is one of the main factors responsible for the success of its cultivation. We aimed to evaluate the initial growth and nutritional status of eucalyptus clone I144 (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) submitted to foliar fertilizers application containing boron-B, iron-Fe and bio-stimulant and via Soil application of nitrogen-N and phosphorus-P doses. The experiment has been conducted in a rural private property of Tamarana, Parana (PR) in a subdivided plots experiment design with four replications (n=4). The plots treatments were boron, boron+iron, boron+iron+bio-stimulant applications under algae (Ecklonia maxima) presence and a control (water). The subplots treatments were composed by the application of 100, 150 and 250 g plant-1 rates of 10-20-00 (N-P2O5-K2O) and a control (0 g plant-1 of 10-20-00). It was evaluated the height and diameters of plants at 45, 78, 117, 150 and 235 days after planting (DAP) and the leaves nutrient content (N, potassium-K, calcium-Ca, magnesium-Mg, sulfur-S, copper-Cu, zinc-Zn, manganese-Mn and Fe) at the end of the cultivation. The Fertilization via Soil did not interfere on either growth or macronutrients contents. On the other hand, the combined application of foliar fertilizers has increased the macronutrients contents without interfering on growth parameters.
Edward Topp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
safely coupling livestock and crop production systems how rapidly do antibiotic resistance genes dissipate in Soil following a commercial application of swine or dairy manure
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Romain Marti, Yuanching Tien, Roger Murray, Andrew E Scott, Lyne Sabourin, Edward ToppAbstract:Animal manures recycled onto crop production land carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The present study evaluated the fate in Soil of selected genes associated with antibiotic resistance or genetic mobility in field plots cropped to vegetables and managed according to normal farming practice. Referenced to unmanured Soil, Fertilization with swine or dairy manure increased the relative abundance of the gene targets sul1, erm(B), str(B), int1, and IncW repA. Following manure application in the spring of 2012, gene copy number decayed exponentially, reaching background levels by the fall of 2012. In contrast, gene copy number following manure application in the fall of 2012 or spring of 2013 increased significantly in the weeks following application and then declined. In both cases, the relative abundance of gene copy numbers had not returned to background levels by the fall of 2013. Overall, these results suggest that under conditions characteristic of agriculture in a humid continental climate, a 1-year period following a commercial application of raw manure is sufficient to ensure that an additional Soil burden of antibiotic resistance genes approaches background. The relative abundance of several gene targets exceeded background during the growing season following a spring application or an application done the previous fall. Results from the present study reinforce the advisability of treating manure prior to use in crop production systems.