The Experts below are selected from a list of 6537 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David G Rossiter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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past present future of information technology in pedometrics
Geoderma, 2018Co-Authors: David G RossiterAbstract:Abstract Although pedometric approaches were taken as early as 1925, the post-WWII development of information technology radically transformed the possibilities for applying mathematical methods to Soil science. The most significant development is the digital computer and associated developments in computer science. These allowed statistical inference on large pedometric datasets, e.g., numerical taxonomy of Soils from the early 1960s and geostatistics from the mid-1970s, as well as simulation models of Soil processes. By the time of the first Pedometrics conference in 1992 sufficient computing power was available for stochastic simulation and complex geostatistical procedures such as disjunctive kriging. In the intervening 25 years computing power has grown to almost magical proportions, allowing individual scientists to carry out complex procedures. A second development is the growth of networking. This facilitates collaboration among pedometricians, rapid communication with journals, collaborative programming and publication, and easy access to resources. A third development is the availability of on-line storage of large datasets, especially of open data, including GIS coverages and remotely-sensed images. This allows pedometricians working on geographic problems to integrate sources from multiple disciplines, most notably in digital Soil mapping using a wide variety of covariates related to Soil Genesis. It also promotes the an open-source movement of collaborative development of computer programs useful for pedometrics. A fourth development is the wide range of digital sensors which provide data for pedometrics; sensors include spectroscopy, electromagnetic induction, and γ-ray detectors., connected to each other and to central data stores. A fifth development is wireless technology, including mobile computing and telephony, again greatly facilitating rapid and extensive data collection – in pedometrics, the more dense the data, the greater the analytical possibilities and the lower the uncertainty. A final development is a global navigation satellite system (e.g., GPS), making accurate georeference of field data a routine part of data collection, and thereby assuring the highest possible accuracy in maps made by predictive pedometric methods. As computer power increases, models can be correspondingly detailed. As sensor networks and remote sensing provide ever more abundant and spatiotemporally fine-resolution measurements, the challenge is to manage this information and maintain the link with pedologic and Soil-landscape knowledge, within the context of societal needs for the results of pedometric analysis.
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Past, present & future of information technology in pedometrics
Geoderma, 2018Co-Authors: David G RossiterAbstract:Abstract Although pedometric approaches were taken as early as 1925, the post-WWII development of information technology radically transformed the possibilities for applying mathematical methods to Soil science. The most significant development is the digital computer and associated developments in computer science. These allowed statistical inference on large pedometric datasets, e.g., numerical taxonomy of Soils from the early 1960s and geostatistics from the mid-1970s, as well as simulation models of Soil processes. By the time of the first Pedometrics conference in 1992 sufficient computing power was available for stochastic simulation and complex geostatistical procedures such as disjunctive kriging. In the intervening 25 years computing power has grown to almost magical proportions, allowing individual scientists to carry out complex procedures. A second development is the growth of networking. This facilitates collaboration among pedometricians, rapid communication with journals, collaborative programming and publication, and easy access to resources. A third development is the availability of on-line storage of large datasets, especially of open data, including GIS coverages and remotely-sensed images. This allows pedometricians working on geographic problems to integrate sources from multiple disciplines, most notably in digital Soil mapping using a wide variety of covariates related to Soil Genesis. It also promotes the an open-source movement of collaborative development of computer programs useful for pedometrics. A fourth development is the wide range of digital sensors which provide data for pedometrics; sensors include spectroscopy, electromagnetic induction, and γ-ray detectors., connected to each other and to central data stores. A fifth development is wireless technology, including mobile computing and telephony, again greatly facilitating rapid and extensive data collection – in pedometrics, the more dense the data, the greater the analytical possibilities and the lower the uncertainty. A final development is a global navigation satellite system (e.g., GPS), making accurate georeference of field data a routine part of data collection, and thereby assuring the highest possible accuracy in maps made by predictive pedometric methods. As computer power increases, models can be correspondingly detailed. As sensor networks and remote sensing provide ever more abundant and spatiotemporally fine-resolution measurements, the challenge is to manage this information and maintain the link with pedologic and Soil-landscape knowledge, within the context of societal needs for the results of pedometric analysis.
Manuel E Camacho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil geomorphology relationships of alluvial fans in costa rica
Geoderma Regional, 2020Co-Authors: Manuel E Camacho, Adolfo Quesadaroman, Rafael Mata, Alfredo AlvaradoAbstract:Abstract The precise determination of landforms and their formation processes are key to accomplish detailed Soil mapping and better understand of Soil Genesis. The Upper General River Basin is located at the southeast of Costa Rica on the transition between Cordillera de Talamanca and General River Valley, forming an extensive alluvial fan sequence. Our work aims to determine the Soil–geomorphology relationships on these alluvial fans. The methods employed consisted of geomorphological mapping using 1:25,000 aerial photographs to determine five alluvial fans: buried inactive, modeled inactive, early, intermediate, and late. Soil maps were established by combining landforms with Soil survey data that allowed to differentiate twelve Soil units of Ultisols associated with Oxisols, Inceptisols and Entisols. The most weathered Soils were classified as Anionic and were Acrustox found on the oldest landforms located on buried inactive and early alluvial fans. These Soils were found associated with Typic Rhodustults and Ustic Haplohumults. Typic Ustifluvents occurred on early alluvial fans and modeled inactive alluvial fans. Similar morphologic and chemical characteristics of the evaluated Oxisols were found for Soils previously classified as Ultisols. These findings support the hypothesis that many Soil currently classified as Ultisols could be reclassified as Oxisols (if the appropriate mineralogical analyses were conducted). These results put in perspective that the origin of the fans and hence their ages control the consequent Soil development. In addition, the study contextualizes the implications of mapping and classifying highly weathered tropical Soils for territorial planning, agricultural management and natural resources conservation.
Erland Baath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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main factors controlling microbial community structure and function after reclamation of a tailing pond with aided phytostabilization
Geoderma, 2015Co-Authors: Raul Zornoza, Angel Faz, Jose A Acosta, Silvia Martinezmartinez, Erland BaathAbstract:Reclamation on bare tailing ponds has the potential to represent Soil Genesis in Technosols favoring the understanding of the changes of microbial communities and function. In this study we used phytostabilization aided with calcium carbonate and pig slurry/manure to reclaim an acidic bare tailing pond with the aim of investigating the effect of amending and different species on microbial community structure and function. We sampled after two years of amending and planting: unamended tailing Soil (UTS), non-rhizospheric amended tailing Soil (ATS), rhizospheric Soil from four species, and non-rhizospheric native forest Soil (NS), which acted as reference. The application of amendments increased pH up to neutrality, organic carbon (Corg), C/N and aggregate stability, while decreased salinity and heavy metals availability. No effect of rhizosphere was observed on physicochemical properties, metals immobilization and microbial community structure and function. To account for confounding effects due to Soil organic matter, microbial properties were expressed per Corg. The high increments in pH and Corg have been the main factors driving changes in microbial community structure and function. Bacterial biomass was higher in UTS, without significant differences among the rest of Soils. Fungal biomass followed the trend UTS < ATS = rhizospheric Soils
toxicity. Changes in microbial community composition were largely explained by changes in pH, heavy metals availability and Corg, with increments in fungal and actinobacterial proportions with Soil amending. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Less)
Zueng-sang Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soilscape of west-central Taiwan: Its pedoGenesis and geomorphic implications
Geomorphology, 2016Co-Authors: Heng Tsai, Zeng-yei Hseu, Hung Yu Kuo, Wen Shu Huang, Zueng-sang ChenAbstract:Abstract Five different Soil types, including Entisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol, Ultisol and Oxisol, are distributed across west-central Taiwan. These Soils cover the surfaces of three geological terrains, namely, the Pleistocene anticline, the Holocene coastal plain, and the modern alluvial fan. These Soils developed from the similar parent materials, facilitating the analysis of Soil diversity and the processes of pedoGenesis. The Soil chronosequence of Entisol → Inceptisol (Endoaquept) → reddish Inceptisol (Dystrudept) → Ultisol → Oxisol with increasing age is suggested for the progressive pathway of Soil development. The degree of pedoGenesis was quantified using a weighted profile development index (WPDI), which indicates that the Soils from the tropics develop faster than those in temperate and/or Mediterranean climates, but was not as fast as those documented in the published literature. Moreover, the distribution of Soils during pedoGenesis conformed to the order of landform formation. Soil Genesis and the way in which the different Soils evolve illustrate the paleo-environments of the fluvial system in the area.
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Soil Genesis along a chronosequence on marine terraces in eastern taiwan
Catena, 2007Co-Authors: Chenchi Tsai, Heng Tsai, Zeng-yei Hseu, Zueng-sang ChenAbstract:Abstract Soil chronosequences developed on elevated marine terraces are ideal for studying changes in Soil-forming processes with time. The coastal range of eastern Taiwan is a product of active arc–continent collision. Vertisols, Mollisols and Entisols are generally found on the different levels of marine terraces herein, but no detailed investigations of Soil chronosequence have been conducted by integrating field morphology, physio-chemical characterization, micromorphology and mass-balance interpretations. Five Soil pedons were selected on the three marine terraces including Tt-1 and Tt-2 pedons (Typic Hapluderts) on the first higher level with the oldest Soil age (9–10 ka), Tt-3 (Vertic Hapludolls) and Tt-4 pedons (Typic Hapludolls) on the second intermediate level (5–6 ka), and Tt-5 pedon (Typic Udipsamments) on the third lower level with the youngest Soil age (≤ 3.5 ka). The morphological characteristics showed that strongly developed angular blocky structures, pressure faces and slickensides are more common in higher terrace Soils than in lower terrace Soils. In this study, depth to C horizon, solum thickness, and thickness of the clay-enriched zone increase with relative terrace age. Although only one to two profiles per terrace were characterized, the following Soil analytical characterizations increase with time: the degree of sand grains weathering, pH (H2O), organic carbon, CEC, contents of Fed, Feo and Mnd. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis of the clay-size fraction, Soils on all terraces have a mixed mineralogy. Mica, smectite, and kaolinite have slightly increased with increasing terrace age. Furthermore, the dominant processes identified with mass-balance analysis include loss of bases (Ca and Mg), iron, and clay with time. The Soil properties, including analytical and mineralogical characterizations, which do not have notable changes with time are primarily due to relatively young Soil age (
Alfredo Alvarado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil geomorphology relationships of alluvial fans in costa rica
Geoderma Regional, 2020Co-Authors: Manuel E Camacho, Adolfo Quesadaroman, Rafael Mata, Alfredo AlvaradoAbstract:Abstract The precise determination of landforms and their formation processes are key to accomplish detailed Soil mapping and better understand of Soil Genesis. The Upper General River Basin is located at the southeast of Costa Rica on the transition between Cordillera de Talamanca and General River Valley, forming an extensive alluvial fan sequence. Our work aims to determine the Soil–geomorphology relationships on these alluvial fans. The methods employed consisted of geomorphological mapping using 1:25,000 aerial photographs to determine five alluvial fans: buried inactive, modeled inactive, early, intermediate, and late. Soil maps were established by combining landforms with Soil survey data that allowed to differentiate twelve Soil units of Ultisols associated with Oxisols, Inceptisols and Entisols. The most weathered Soils were classified as Anionic and were Acrustox found on the oldest landforms located on buried inactive and early alluvial fans. These Soils were found associated with Typic Rhodustults and Ustic Haplohumults. Typic Ustifluvents occurred on early alluvial fans and modeled inactive alluvial fans. Similar morphologic and chemical characteristics of the evaluated Oxisols were found for Soils previously classified as Ultisols. These findings support the hypothesis that many Soil currently classified as Ultisols could be reclassified as Oxisols (if the appropriate mineralogical analyses were conducted). These results put in perspective that the origin of the fans and hence their ages control the consequent Soil development. In addition, the study contextualizes the implications of mapping and classifying highly weathered tropical Soils for territorial planning, agricultural management and natural resources conservation.