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Sławomir Klatka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aplication of Soil Productivity Index after Eight Years of Soil Reclamation with Sewage Sludge Amendments
Environmental Management, 2021Co-Authors: Wiktor Halecki, Sławomir KlatkaAbstract:Remediation methods are gaining acceptance as effective and inexpensive techniques used in the Reclamation of degraded areas. The Reclamation of post-mining sites has become important for the conservation of Soil and vegetation. An assessment of potential productivity of plants based on the depth of their root zone is crucial for the validation of properties of post-mining Soils. Our aim was to present Soil productivity parameters that would facilitate assessment of various post-mining objects. Soil productivity index (SPI) was calculated to assess Soil quality, mainly in areas degraded by hard coal mining. It is based on an equation determining the relationship between the productivity index and the physical, chemical, and hydrological properties of Soil. Our study demonstrated the positive effects of enriched sewage sludge with amendments on newly formed Soil and plants. The Soil productivity index was 0.81, demonstrating the suitable condition of the initial Soil resulting from Reclamation. This parameter might be important for post-industrial Reclamation, such as wasteland intended to be transformed into woodland. Considering the composition of sewage sludge amendments, it can be successfully used as an effective method of restoring and improving both the physical and chemical properties of Soils, thus effectively replacing mineral fertilisers. The use of sewage sludge in Soil Reclamation will be an important method of managing this waste material in post-mining areas.
M.s. Bajwa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of sodic irrigation and gypsum on the Reclamation of sodic Soil and growth of rice and wheat plants
Agricultural Water Management, 1991Co-Authors: Hargopal Singh, M.s. BajwaAbstract:Abstract Effect of gypsum and sodic irrigation on the precipitation of Ca and removal of Na from a sodic Soil reclaimed with different levels of gypsum (33, 67 and 100% of the total gypsum requirement of the Soil) and growth of rice was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Precipitation of Ca and carbonates and Soil Na saturation increased with increase in sodicity of irrigation water. Application of gypsum for initial sodic Soil Reclamation or at each irrigation (Gei) during growth of rice and wheat increased the removal of Na from the Soil and decreased exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and pH. Under sodic irrigation treatments, even the high levels of gypsum applied for initial sodic Soil Reclamation did not control the build-up of ESP to below the levels at which rice and wheat could produce normal growth. But under Gei treatments, Soil pH and ESP values observed under sodic irrigation treatments were similar to those recorded under good water irrigation. When sodic irrigation water has to be used for Reclamation of sodic Soils, additional gypsum (more than was used for initial Reclamation) should be applied to decrease SAR and alkalinity of water and control the build up of Na in Soil and improve crop production.
J.s. Bonner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In situ Soil Reclamation by air stripping and sludge uptake
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2001Co-Authors: Mauricio Cardenosa, Robin L. Autenrieth, J.s. BonnerAbstract:A laboratory-scale study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of an in situ Reclamation technique for contaminated Soils by combining Soil stripping techniques and in situ Soil surface biodegradation. By pumping air at the base of a test column, a volatile organic compound (VOC) in the Soil was mobilized through the Soil and trapped in a thin layer of dried activated sludge. The contaminant, once trapped in the sludge blanket, would be available for biological degradation by the sludge microorganisms. Test Soil consisted of a homogeneous sand with a moisture content less than 0.5% and particle diameters smaller than 0.84 mm. Dried sludge, obtained from a municipal waste-water facility, was blended until the particle size characteristics were consistent with the sand. Experiments were initiated by passing air saturated with toluene throught the Soil column until equilibrium. The initial concentration of toluene was approximately 700, μg per gram of sand. Clean air was then forced through the system to mobilize the toluene at rates which ranged between 1 and 2.7 pore volumes per minute. Over 95% of the particle-bound toluene was removed from the sand within six hours of stripping. On a mass-per-mass basis, the sludge sorbed approximately 70% of the mobilized toluene. The combination of air stripping techniques and use of a sludge blanket to reduce volatile emissions from the Soils is feasible and merits further research. Studies to investigate the biodegradation potential of the sludge blanket for toluene and trichloroethylene will be the subject of investigation for future research.
Rinat Keren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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calcareous sodic Soil Reclamation as affected by corn stalk application and incubation a laboratory study
Pedosphere, 2009Co-Authors: L I Fahu, Rinat KerenAbstract:Abstract A laboratory lysimeter experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of forage corn ( Zea mays L.) stalk application on the CO 2 concentration in Soil air and calcareous sodic Soil Reclamation. The experimental treatments tested were Soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels of 1, 11, and 19, added corn stalk contents of 0 to 36 g kg −1 , and incubation durations of 30 and 60 days. The experimental results indicated that corn stalk application and incubation significantly increased CO 2 partial pressure in Soil profile and lowered pH value in Soil solution, subsequently increased native CaCO 3 mineral dissolution and electrolyte concentration of Soil solution, and finally significantly contributed to reduction on Soil sodicity level. The Reclamation efficiency of calcareous sodic Soils increased with the added corn stalk. When corn stalks were added at the rates of 22 and 34 g kg −1 into the Soil with initial ESP of 19, its ESP value was decreased by 56% and 78%, respectively, after incubation of 60 days and the leaching of 6.5 pore volumes (about 48 L of percolation water) with distilled water. Therefore, crop stalk application and incubation could be used as a choice to reclaim moderate calcareous sodic Soils or as a supplement of phytoremediation to improve Reclamation efficiency.
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Native CaCO3 Mineral Dissolution and Its Contribution to Sodic Calcareous Soil Reclamation Under Laboratory Conditions
Arid Land Research and Management, 2008Co-Authors: Fa Hu Li, Rinat KerenAbstract:Efficient and sustainable Reclamation of sodic Soils is important to agricultural production. With the help of a peristaltic pump, laboratory-leaching experiments for sodic calcareous Soils with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 1, 12.5, and 19 were conducted under atmospheric CO2 partial pressure to investigate native CaCO3 mineral dissolution and its contribution to the rehabilitation of moderate sodium-affected Soils at the water flow velocities of 2 and 18 mm h−1, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and the Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, and HCO3 − concentrations in the leachates were measured. The exchangeable Na+ contents in the Soils after leaching were measured and their ESPs were calculated. Results indicated that both Soil sodicity and water flow velocity significantly affected native CaCO3 dissolution and sodic Soil Reclamation. Almost all of the Ca2+ to substitute the adsorbed Na+ came from the native CaCO3 dissolution. The CaCO3 dissolution rate decreased logarithmically with...
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Sodic Calcareous Soil Reclamation as Affected by Water Chemical Composition and Flow Rate
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1996Co-Authors: A. Nadler, Rinat Keren, G. J. Levy, H. EisenbergAbstract:Sodic Soils exhibit poor physical conditions that adversely influence water and air movement, Soil erodibility, and plant growth. This study investigated the efficiency of naturally occurring CaCO 3 in reclaiming a sodic loess Soil (Calcic Haploxeralf) with an exchangeable sodium percentage of 16. Soil columns (50 or 100 mm high) were leached with distilled water (DW), 1 dS m -1 tap water (TW), or CO 2 -enriched TW at a flow rate of either 11.5 or 50 mm -1 . The effluent from the columns was collected continuously, and its chemical composition was analyzed. When DW was used, CaCO 3 dissolution was the main source (85%) for replacing exchangeable Na. When TW was used, 80% of the (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ) for reclaiming the sodic Soil came from the leaching solution. The slow water flow rate (11.5 mm h -1 ) improved Reclamation by ∼30%, probably due to the higher concentration of (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ) from CaCO 3 and the longer time available for Ca 2+ diffusion into Soil aggregates. The CO 2 -enriched TW was the most favorable treatment for CaCO 3 dissolution and thus the most efficient for Soil Reclamation. Our results suggest that Reclamation of sodic Soils can be accomplished by means of the naturally occurring CaCO 3 in the Soil, providing management conducive for CaCO 3 dissolution is used.
Y. P. Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of Sodic Soil Reclamation Technology : An assessment of On-Farm Trials
Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 2016Co-Authors: Y. P. Singh, Shekhar Chauhan, Hem Singh, Sudhir SinghAbstract:The ground water of north-eastern and southern parts of Rajasthan is having with problems of high content of carbonate, bicarbonate and sodium ions. Unavailability of good quality water for irrigation, numbers of farmers are using such problematic water for irrigation resulting in accumulation of ions and making Soil unfit for cultivation. Amelioration of sodic effect of Soil by deep tillage with gypsum requirement (GR)-50% and green manuring maximum improvement in the grain and straw yield was 179.5 and 149.7 % in wheat, 139.9 and 141.4 % in barley and 119.1 and 84.1 % in mustard, respectively. Next one was with the application of GR-50% with green manuring. Similar trend was followed for improvement in Soil properties. Maximum net profit obtained by farmers’ in case of using deep tillage with GR-50% and green manuring was Rs 13285/ha in wheat, Rs 10850/ha in barley and Rs 8190/ha in mustard followed by GR-50% with green manuring practice.
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Impact of underground irrigation water on Soil properties and sodic Soil Reclamation technologies on pearlmillet-wheat crop sequence
Indian Journal of Soil Conservation, 2015Co-Authors: Y. P. Singh, S.k. DubeyAbstract:An on-farm study was undertaken to determine the quality of underground water, its effect on Soil properties in the canal command areas, and impact of sodic Soil technologies i.e. gypsum levels, green manuring, farm yard manure (FYM) and deep tillage on yield of pearlmillet wheat crop sequence. Eighty six water samples collected from canal command area of Tonk district of Rajasthan revealed that 22.1, 10.9, 5.8, 21.5, 29.8 and 9.9% water samples were under good, marginally saline, saline, marginally alkali, alkali and highly alkali categories, respectively. Most of these waters had dominance of sodium followed by calcium in cations and chloride as major anion followed by bicarbonate and carbonates. After interventions of sodic Soil Reclamation, wheat crop in rabi and pearlmillet in next kharif season was grown. Maximum mean yields of 2.53 t ha−1 grain and 11.0 t ha−1 straw of pearlmillet and 3.95 t ha grain and 4.74 t ha straw of wheat were obtained with deep tillage in summer along with gypsum application @ 50% GR, green manuring and FYM @ 10 t ha−1 followed by GR-50% along with green manuring and FYM @ 10 t ha−1. Treatment of deep tillage in summer along with GR-50%, green manuring and FYM@10 t ha−1 resulted in significant reduction of EC, pH, ESP and bulk density, improvement in infiltration rate and availability of N, P,K and micronutrients.
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Interventions of Sodic Soil Reclamation Technologies and Constraints in their Adoption
2013Co-Authors: Y. P. Singh, U. C. Dubey, Sudhir Singh, Saurabh DubeyAbstract:On farm participatory trials were initiated in Galwa command area in North-Eastern part of Rajasthan state of India. The command area was severely affected by sodicity due to indiscriminate use of sodic ground water. Before initiation of trails, a survey was conducted to evaluate farmers’ response to land Reclamation and to identify the constraints in adoption of Reclamation technology. Out of 64 farmers surveyed, 34.4% knew the sodic Soil Reclamation technology, 44 farmers had not adopted any practice of sodic Soil Reclamation. Principal reasons of non-adoption of land Reclamation was lack of availability of good quality water (27.3% farmers), while, other factors responsible for lack of response to technology were lack of risk bearing capacity, undulated topography, fragmented holdings, lack of investment power and knowledge of Reclamation and limited availability of gypsum. After interventions for sodic Soil Reclamation, maximum and significantly higher mean yields of 4.69 t ha-1 grain and 5.07 t ha-1 stover of wheat and 2.61 t ha-1 grain and 11. 57 t ha-1 stover of pearlmillet was obtained with deep tillage in summer along with gypsum application @ 50% GR, green manuring and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 compare with other treatments, whereas non-significant difference was observed between deep tillage in summer along with gypsum application @ 25% GR, green manuring and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and GR-50% along with green manuring and FYM @ 10 t ha1 treatment. Treatment of deep tillage in summer along with GR-50%, green manuring and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 resulted in maximum reduction of pH and Soil sodicity, improvement in infiltration rate and increase in available N, P, K and micronutrients.