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Yuchih Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparative anti inflammatory characterization of wild fruiting body liquid State fermentation and Solid State Culture of taiwanofungus camphoratus in microglia and the mechanism of its action
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Hongjen Liang, Chienho Chen, Chinghua Su, Chunting Huang, Lingfang Hung, Yuchih Liang, Wenbin Zhong
    Abstract:

    Abstract Taiwanofungus camphoratus (syn. Antrodia camphorata), a medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, is reputed to provide several therapeutic benefits, but the wild fruiting body is very rare. In this study, we used Taiwanofungus camphoratus extracts from wild fruiting bodies and two types of artificial cultivation (Solid-State Culture and liquid-State fermentation) to examine their anti-inflammatory effects in microglia cells and their possible roles in protection against neurodegenerative diseases. First, EOC13.31 microglia was treated with various kinds of Taiwanofungus camphoratus extracts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to evaluate the iNOS expression. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that among the various kinds of extracts from wild fruiting bodies, methanol extracts were the most potent inhibitors of iNOS expression. Secondly, the potency of methanol extracts could be ranked as follows: extracts of wild fruiting body > Solid-State Culture > liquid-State fermentation. To clarify the mechanisms involved, methanol extracts from fruiting body were found to inhibit the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinases (JNK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) induced by LPS/IFN-γ. Methanol extracts from fruiting body also inhibited NF-κB activation through the prevention of inhibitor κB (IκB) degradation. Moreover, methanol extracts from wild fruiting body inhibited both the iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by β-amyloid in microglia in a dose-dependent manner. In an animal model, we confirmed that methanol extracts from fruiting bodies were able to suppress ear edema, indicating that they have anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. These results suggest that Taiwanofungus camphoratus exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity that might contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

  • Antihypertensive Activities of a Solid-State Culture of Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Chang-Chih) in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
    Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2007
    Co-Authors: Der Zen Liu, Yuchih Liang, Shyr-yi Lin, Yin Shiou Lin, Wen Chi Hou
    Abstract:

    Wild and Solid-State Cultures (SSC) of Taiwanofungus camphoratus (aka Antrodia camphorata and Chang-chih [CC]) were sequentially extracted with cold water, methanol, and hot water to get cold-water-soluble (CWS), methanol-soluble (MS), and hot-water-soluble (HWS) extracts, respectively. Only the MS extract exhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. The antihypertensive effects of the MS extract (10 mg/kg BW) were measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. MS extract of the SSC type was able to effectively lower the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of SHR, but not of WKY rats, the results being significantly different from those for distilled water only (the blank). However, wild CC and its MS extract were not as effective as the SSC type in reducing SHR blood pressure and had no effect on WKY rats. SSC-type CC might be developed into a health food with the ability to regulate blood pressure.

Shodo Hara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • specific expression and temperature dependent expression of the acid protease encoding gene pepa in aspergillus oryzae in Solid State Culture rice koji
    Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2002
    Co-Authors: Hideyuki Kitano, Kouhei Kataoka, Keiji Furukawa, Shodo Hara
    Abstract:

    Abstract The synthesis of acid protease in rice-koji is important for sake brewing. Northern blot analysis was carried out to study the transcriptional regulation of acid protease-encoding gene ( pepA in Aspergillus orytae . The pepA gene was not expressed in submerged Culture, while it was expressed when Cultured on steamed rice. Additionally, the Culture at high temperature (>38°C) caused a marked decrease in transcription level of pepA , although the α-amylase ( amyB ) and actin genes were expressed regardless of the temperature. To examine whether the pepA promoter controlled the temperature-dependent expression, the promoter regions of pepA and amyB were introduced into a vector containing the GUS reporter gene ( uidA gene). Northern blot analysis showed that the elevation of Culture temperature caused the loss of uidA expression in the pepA promoter- uidA transformant but not in the amyB promoter- uidA transformant. These results suggest that its promoter controlled the temperature-dependent expression of pepA .

  • specific expression and temperature dependent expression of the acid protease encoding gene pepa in aspergillus oryzae in Solid State Culture rice koji
    Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2002
    Co-Authors: Hideyuki Kitano, Kouhei Kataoka, Keiji Furukawa, Shodo Hara
    Abstract:

    The synthesis of acid protease in rice-koji is important for sake brewing. Northern blot analysis was carried out to study the transcriptional regulation of acid protease-encoding gene (pepA in Aspergillus orytae. The pepA gene was not expressed in submerged Culture, while it was expressed when Cultured on steamed rice. Additionally, the Culture at high temperature (>38 degrees C) caused a marked decrease in transcription level of pepA, although the alpha-amylase (amyB) and actin genes were expressed regardless of the temperature. To examine whether the pepA promoter controlled the temperature-dependent expression, the promoter regions of pepA and amyB were introduced into a vector containing the GUS reporter gene (uidA gene). Northern blot analysis showed that the elevation of Culture temperature caused the loss of uidA expression in the pepA promoter-uidA transformant but not in the amyB promoter-uidA transformant. These results suggest that its promoter controlled the temperature-dependent expression of pepA.

Hideyuki Kitano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • specific expression and temperature dependent expression of the acid protease encoding gene pepa in aspergillus oryzae in Solid State Culture rice koji
    Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2002
    Co-Authors: Hideyuki Kitano, Kouhei Kataoka, Keiji Furukawa, Shodo Hara
    Abstract:

    Abstract The synthesis of acid protease in rice-koji is important for sake brewing. Northern blot analysis was carried out to study the transcriptional regulation of acid protease-encoding gene ( pepA in Aspergillus orytae . The pepA gene was not expressed in submerged Culture, while it was expressed when Cultured on steamed rice. Additionally, the Culture at high temperature (>38°C) caused a marked decrease in transcription level of pepA , although the α-amylase ( amyB ) and actin genes were expressed regardless of the temperature. To examine whether the pepA promoter controlled the temperature-dependent expression, the promoter regions of pepA and amyB were introduced into a vector containing the GUS reporter gene ( uidA gene). Northern blot analysis showed that the elevation of Culture temperature caused the loss of uidA expression in the pepA promoter- uidA transformant but not in the amyB promoter- uidA transformant. These results suggest that its promoter controlled the temperature-dependent expression of pepA .

  • specific expression and temperature dependent expression of the acid protease encoding gene pepa in aspergillus oryzae in Solid State Culture rice koji
    Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2002
    Co-Authors: Hideyuki Kitano, Kouhei Kataoka, Keiji Furukawa, Shodo Hara
    Abstract:

    The synthesis of acid protease in rice-koji is important for sake brewing. Northern blot analysis was carried out to study the transcriptional regulation of acid protease-encoding gene (pepA in Aspergillus orytae. The pepA gene was not expressed in submerged Culture, while it was expressed when Cultured on steamed rice. Additionally, the Culture at high temperature (>38 degrees C) caused a marked decrease in transcription level of pepA, although the alpha-amylase (amyB) and actin genes were expressed regardless of the temperature. To examine whether the pepA promoter controlled the temperature-dependent expression, the promoter regions of pepA and amyB were introduced into a vector containing the GUS reporter gene (uidA gene). Northern blot analysis showed that the elevation of Culture temperature caused the loss of uidA expression in the pepA promoter-uidA transformant but not in the amyB promoter-uidA transformant. These results suggest that its promoter controlled the temperature-dependent expression of pepA.

A. Durand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Substrate use and production of α-l-arabinofuranosidase during Solid-State Culture of Trichoderma reesei on sugar beet pulp
    Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1995
    Co-Authors: N. Roche, P. Berna, C. Desgranges, A. Durand
    Abstract:

    Abstract Substrate degradation and production of related extracellular saccharifying activities were studied during a Solid-State Culture of Trichoderma reesei on sugar beet pulp to characterize the substrate use. Different phases could be defined in this use. The first phase was characterized by the sole consumption of the free sucrose previously present in the substrate. The second phase corresponded to fungal degradation of the arabinose-containing polysaccharides, mainly arabinan, and consumption of part of the released arabinose. During the same period the consumption of sucrose was decreased and a production of different saccharifying activities appeared. After 90 h of Culture, the glucose-containing polysaccharides were preferentially degraded and used as the nutrient for mycelial growth; other polysaccharides were not, or only slowly, solubilized. Extracellular enzyme production increased and stabilized before the end of the Culture at 165 h. α- l -Arabinofuranosidase was the main enzyme, produced at a rate of 433 IU g−1 of dry fermented medium at the end of the Culture (63 U mg−1 of soluble protein), which was 70 times higher than the other polysaccharidases assayed. We found that this α- l -arabinofuranosidase was not able to degrade arabinogalactan, but seemed to be active on arabinan and xylan.

  • effect of pco2 on growth conidiation and enzyme production in Solid State Culture on aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride ts
    Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1990
    Co-Authors: C. Desgranges, A. Durand
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three strains of fungi , Trichoderma viride TS , Aspergillus niger ATCC 22343, and Aspergillus niger S5 have been cultivated on Solid media with different carbon dioxide partial pressures in the gaseous environment. Growth, conidiation, amylase, and cellulase production have been studied on synthetic agar media. The production of pectinases has been studied on sugar beet pulp. The results show an increase of the growth for the three strains with pCO 2 at 10%. On the other hand, we observe a conidiation inhibition even at low pCO 2 . For enzyme production, the effect of pCO 2 is more complex. It depends upon the fungus strain. Only the production of polygalacturonase by Aspergillus niger is notably enhanced with pCO 2 at 10% .

Cristobal N Aguilar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • gallic acid production with mouldy polyurethane particles obtained from Solid State Culture of aspergillus niger gh1
    Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Marco A Matagomez, Raul Rodriguez, Solange I Mussatto, Jose A Teixeira, Jose L Martinez, Ayerim Hernandez, Cristobal N Aguilar
    Abstract:

    Gallic acid production in a batch bioreactor was evaluated using as catalytic material the mouldy polyurethane Solids (MPS) obtained from a Solid-State fermentation (SSF) bioprocess carried out for tannase production by Aspergillus niger GH1 on polyurethane foam powder (PUF) with 5 % (v/w) of tannic acid as inducer. Fungal biomass, tannic acid consumption and tannase production were kinetically monitored. SSF was stopped when tannase activity reached its maximum level. Effects of washing with distilled water and drying on the tannase activity of MPS were determined. Better results were obtained with dried and washed MPS retaining 84 % of the tannase activity. Maximum tannase activity produced through SSF after 24 h of incubation was equivalent to 130 U/gS with a specific activity of 36 U/mg. The methylgallate was hydrolysed (45 %) in an easy, cheap and fast bioprocess (30 min). Kinetic parameters of tannase self-immobilized on polyurethane particles were calculated to be 5 mM and 04.1 × 10(-2) mM/min for K M and V max, respectively. Results demonstrated that the MPS, with tannase activity, can be successfully used for the production of the antioxidant gallic acid from methyl-gallate substrate. Direct use of PMS to produce gallic acid can be advantageous as no previous extraction of enzyme is required, thus reducing production costs.

  • Optimization of ellagic acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger GH1 in Solid State Culture using pomegranate shell powder as a support
    Process Biochemistry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Leonardo Sepúlveda, Raúl Rodríguez-herrera, Antonio Aguilera-carbo, Juan A. Ascacio-valdés, José L. Martínez-hernández, Cristobal N Aguilar
    Abstract:

    Abstract This report describes an investigation of ellagic acid accumulation (EAA) in Solid State Culture (SSC) using Aspergillus niger GH1 and powdered pomegranate peel as a support. Various Culture conditions (temperature, initial moisture, levels of inoculum and concentration of salts) were evaluated using a Plackett–Burman design (PBD) for screening Culture factors followed by a central composite design (CCD) for enhancing the EAA. Temperature, MgSO 4 and KCl concentration were identified as significant parameters for EAA in SSC. This enhancement procedure resulted in 15.5-fold increase in EAA (8.48–132.62 mg/g) when the selected Culture conditions were evaluated in a kinetic study of biodegradation of ellagitannins to produce ellagic acid. This work proposes a biotechnological alternative to obtain a highly valuable, high-quality compound from agro-industrial wastes through SSC.

  • ellagic acid production from biodegradation of creosote bush ellagitannins by aspergillus niger in Solid State Culture
    Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Antonio Aguileracarbo, Juan S Hernandez, Lilia Arely Pradobarragan, Christopher Augur, Ernesto Favelatorres, Cristobal N Aguilar
    Abstract:

    The ability of Aspergillus niger GH1 in converting creosote bush ellagitannins into ellagic acid (EA) was evaluated in Solid State Culture. Creosote bush leaves were used to extract the ellagitannins fraction, which was impregnated in polyurethane foam used as support of Solid State Culture. Ellagitannins content, EA accumulation, and the related enzymatic activities were evaluated. A. niger GH1 was able to completely degrade creosote bush ellagitannins with an EA yield of 23.1% at 36 h of Culture. The ability to degrade creosote bush ellagitannins exhibited by A. niger GH1 was clearly associated to an ellagitannin-hydrolysing enzyme with a maximum activity of 43 U/l, while that ability was not associated to tannase activity that was detected in the Culture extract. This study demonstrated the great ability of A. niger GH1 to hydrolyze ellagitannins and the potential of Solid State Culture to produce the antioxidant EA by degradation of creosote bush ellagitannins.

  • gallic acid and tannase accumulation during fungal Solid State Culture of a tannin rich desert plant larrea tridentata cov
    Bioresource Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: B Trevinocueto, M Luis, Juan C Contrerasesquivel, Raul Rodriguez, Antonio F Aguilera, Cristobal N Aguilar
    Abstract:

    Abstract Larrea tridentata (Sesse & Mocino ex DC.) Coville, also known as Larrea, gobernadora, chaparral, or creosote bush, is a shrubby plant which dominates some areas of the desert southwest in the United States and Northern Mexico and its use has not been exploited and standardized. In this study, gobernadora was studied to evaluate its potential use for support of Solid State Culture. Influence of two minimal media added with gobernadora powder as the sole carbon source and inducer of tannin-degrading enzymes was evaluated. Cultures were initially 70% moisture, had a pH of 5.5 and were inoculated with Aspergillus niger Aa-20 at 2 × 107 spores per gram of media. Analysis of pH, moisture, tannin uptake, gallic acid accumulation and tannase production were evaluated. Results indicated a high content of condensed (39.4% dm) and hydrolysable (22.8% dm) tannins. Invasion capacity of fungal growth was of 0.15 mm h−1. Tannase production reached values of 1040 U l−1 at 43 h of Culture. During the first 48 h of Culture, the concentration of gallic acid accumulation was 0.33 g l−1. Gobernadora is a potential source of gallic acid and tannase production by Solid State Culture; however, further optimization of the process is needed.

  • Effects of polyurethane matrices on fungal tannase and gallic acid production under Solid State Culture.
    Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, 2007
    Co-Authors: Lucia Treviňo, Juan C. Contreras-esquivel, Raúl Rodríguez-herrera, Cristobal N Aguilar
    Abstract:

    The influence of the physical structure of polyurethane matrix as a support in a Solid State Culture in tannase production and gallic acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger Aa-20 was evaluated. Three different polyurethane matrices were used as the support: continuous, semi-discontinuous and discontinuous. The highest tannase production at 2479.59 U/L during the first 12 h of Culture was obtained using the discontinuous matrix. The gallic acid was accumulated at 7.64 g/L at the discontinuous matrix. The results show that the discontinuous matrix of polyurethane is better for tannase production and gallic acid accumulation in a Solid State Culture bioprocess than the continuous and semi-discontinuous matrices.