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Paula E. Cushing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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restriction enzyme optimization for radseq with camel spiders arachnida Solifugae
Journal of Arachnology, 2021Co-Authors: Carlos E Santibanezlopez, Paula E. Cushing, Keaka Farleigh, Matthew R GrahamAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns within the arachnid order Solifugae are poorly understood and largely unresolved due to conserved morphology and scarce genomic resources. In this study, we evaluated the role of restriction endonuclease (RE) selection in double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) as a methodology for exploring the evolutionary history of solifuges and their responses to changing desert landscapes and climate. We optimized this method by using computer simulations to explore the effect of different enzyme combinations on the process in silico. Genome data are not yet available for Solifugae, so we performed the simulations using available spider, scorpion, tick, mite and xiphosuran genomes. Guided by the simulations, we then pioneered ddRADseq in Solifugae by generating data for four samples representing two families and three genera. Our results highlight the utility of simulated data and give us confidence that ddRADseq will be ideal for studying the evolution of solifuges.
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Mating behaviour of Eremobates pallipes (Say, 1823) (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Arachnology, 2020Co-Authors: Jenny Rowsell, Paula E. CushingAbstract:Little is known about the reproductive behaviour of solifuges, or camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae). Behavioural research is limited, due in part to challenges of maintaining specimens in the laboratory where they can be best observed. The present study documents the courtship and mating behaviours of a North American solifuge, Eremobates pallipes (Say, 1823) through staged mating encounters in an arena within a laboratory setting. Trials were filmed and analysed to establish sequence and timing of behaviours. We were able to document consistent and predictable aspects of the mating behaviours in this species. The consistent use by males of the suctorial organs during mating was documented for the first time in Eremobatidae.
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a test of the light attraction hypothesis in camel spiders of the mojave desert arachnida Solifugae
Journal of Arachnology, 2019Co-Authors: Matthew R Graham, Michelina B Pinto, Paula E. CushingAbstract:Research progress on the order Solifugae, commonly known as camel spiders, has been hindered by challenges inherent in collecting these fast-moving, nocturnal predators. Recently, pitfall trapping combined with artificial light lures showed promise for improving capture rates, but the hypothesis that camel spiders are attracted to light traps (positive phototaxis) has never been tested. We constructed short pitfall trap arrays with and without lights across the Mojave Desert to test the light attraction hypothesis. Nearly all camel spiders we collected were found in traps with suspended lights, lending strong support for positive phototaxis. Distance from the lights within trap arrays does not appear to be correlated with the success of individual pitfall traps. Excitingly, our short pitfall light arrays, or Caterpillar light traps, were relatively easy to install and yielded an order of magnitude more camel spiders per effort hour than previously reported techniques.
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Solifugae of canada
ZooKeys, 2019Co-Authors: Paula E. Cushing, Jack O. BrookhartAbstract:The Solfugae fauna of Canada includes three known species: Eremobatesdocolora Brookhart and Muma, E.scaber (Kraepelin), and Hemerotrechadenticulata Muma. It is expected that as many as four additional species may be found in Canada. Only one Barcode Index Number is currently known from Canadian specimens.
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capturing the elusive camel spider arachnida Solifugae effective methods for attracting and capturing solifuges
Journal of Arachnology, 2018Co-Authors: Paula E. Cushing, Edmundo GonzalezsantillanAbstract:Camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) are a notoriously difficult group of arachnids to study. They are almost all strictly nocturnal, fast moving predators that are difficult to find, collect, and rear. In this paper, we present methods for both attracting solifuges in desert field sites and collecting them efficiently using a combination of light attraction and pitfall trapping techniques. Although many of these methods have been used by solifuge collectors for decades, they are not typically described in detail in the literature nor have the methods been consolidated in a single paper. We hope that doing so will enable others to more efficiently target this group of arachnids.
Jack O. Brookhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solifugae of canada
ZooKeys, 2019Co-Authors: Paula E. Cushing, Jack O. BrookhartAbstract:The Solfugae fauna of Canada includes three known species: Eremobatesdocolora Brookhart and Muma, E.scaber (Kraepelin), and Hemerotrechadenticulata Muma. It is expected that as many as four additional species may be found in Canada. Only one Barcode Index Number is currently known from Canadian specimens.
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nine new species of the eremobates scaber species group of the north american camel spider genus eremobates Solifugae eremobatidae
Zootaxa, 2016Co-Authors: Paula E. Cushing, Jack O. BrookhartAbstract:Nine new species of the Eremobates scaber species group of the solifuge genus Eremobates Banks 1900 are described, eight of them from Mexico. These new species are: E. axacoa , E. bonito, E. cyranoi , E. fisheri , E. hidalgoana , E. jaliscoana, E. minamoritaana, E. zacatecana , and E. zapal and together increase the size of this species group to 23. A key to all species in the E. scaber species group is also provided.
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a multilocus molecular phylogeny of the endemic north american camel spider family eremobatidae arachnida Solifugae
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Paula E. Cushing, Lorenzo Prendini, Matthew R Graham, Jack O. BrookhartAbstract:Camel spiders (Solifugae) are a diverse but poorly studied order of arachnids. No robust phylogenetic analysis has ever been carried out for the order or for any family within the Solifugae. We present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the endemic North American family Eremobatidae Kraepelin, 1899, the first such analysis of a family of Solifugae. We use a multi-locus exemplar approach using DNA sequences from partial nuclear (28S rDNA and Histone H3) and mitochondrial (16S rRNA and Cytochrome c Oxidase I) gene loci for 81 ingroup exemplars representing all genera of Eremobatidae and most species groups within the genera Eremobates Banks, 1900, Eremochelis Roewer, 1934, and Hemerotrecha Banks, 1903. Maximum Likelihood and two Bayesian analyses consistently recovered the monophyly of Eremobatidae, Eremorhax Roewer, 1934 and Eremothera Muma, 1951 along with a group comprising all subfamily Eremobatinae Kraepelin, 1901 exemplars except Horribates bantai Muma, 1989 and a group comprising all Eremocosta Roewer, 1934 exemplars except Eremocosta acuitalpanensis (Vasquez and Gavin, 2000). The subfamily Therobatinae Muma, 1951 and the genera Chanbria Muma, 1951, Hemerotrecha, Eremochelis, and Eremobates were polyphyletic or paraphyletic. Only the banksi group of Hemerotrecha was monophyletic; the other species groups recognized within Eremobates, Eremochelis, and Hemerotrecha were paraphyletic or polyphyletic. We found no support for the monophyly of the subfamily Therobatinae. A time-calibrated phylogeny dated the most recent common ancestor of extant eremobatids to the late Eocene to early Miocene, with a mean estimate in the late Oligocene (32.2 Ma).
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Comparative Morphology and Functional Significance of Setae Called Papillae on the Pedipalps of Male Camel Spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae)
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2014Co-Authors: Paula E. Cushing, Patrick Casto, Lorenzo Prendini, Elizabeth D. Knowlton, Suzanne M. Royer, Damien Laudier, Douglas D. Gaffin, Jack O. BrookhartAbstract:ABSTRACT Some male camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) in the families Eremobatidae, Karschiidae, and Solpugidae have clusters of specialized conical or acuminate setae called papillae, on the ventral surface of the metatarsus of the pedipalps. We compared the overall structure of the papillae found on representatives of the three families using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We examined the ultrastructure of these setae using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also used extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques to examine the electrical properties of these sensory structures and test the hypotheses that they function as mechanoreceptors, olfactory receptors, and chemoreceptors.Wefound similarities in the structure of papillae among genera within a family or distinct family-level differences in structure. Thus, the papillae are phylogenetically informative; similar within family but differing between families. TEM results demonstrated the cuticular wall of a papilla is divided ...
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an annotated checklist of continental north american Solifugae with type depositories abundance and notes on their zoogeography
Journal of Arachnology, 2006Co-Authors: Jack O. Brookhart, Irene P BrookhartAbstract:A checklist of North American Solifugae is presented along with their type localities, location of types, known numbers of specimens of each sex collected and the biomic distribution of each species. One hundred ninety-six solifugid species have been recorded in mainland North America, mostly from the United States. Forty-eight species are known from types only. Fifty-five species are known from males only and twenty-four are known from females only. The large hot deserts, Chihuahua and Sonora, contain the majority of collected solifugid species.
Andrés A. Ojanguren-affilastro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diversidad taxonómica y denso-actividad de solífugos (Arachnida: Solifugae) asociados a un ecosistema desértico costero del centro norte de Chile
Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 2008Co-Authors: Daniel E Valdivia, Jaime Pizarro-araya, Jorge Cepeda-pizarro, Andrés A. Ojanguren-affilastroAbstract:En Chile, el orden Solifugae está representado por 14 especies agrupadas en 10 géneros, distribuidos en las tres familias descritas en Sudamérica: Ammotrechidae, Mummuciidae y Daesiidae. En el presente trabajo se documenta la composición genérica y/o específica de solífugos asociados a un ecosistema desértico costero del centro norte de Chile, y se muestran las variaciones de su denso-actividad. El estudio se realizó en el sector costero de Punta de Choros (29 ° 21’S, 71 ° 10’O; 17 msnm), durante los meses de junio, agosto, octubre y noviembre de 2005. Entre los 249 ejemplares capturados, se reconoció la presencia de tres familias, cuatro géneros y cinco especies. Éstas fueron Procleobis sp., Sedna pirata Muma (Ammotrechidae), Mummucia sp., Mummucia variegata (Gervais) (Mummuciidae) y Ammotrechelis goetschi Roewer (Daesiidae). La mayor denso-actividad de solífugos se registró en los meses de octubre, 5 especies (ca 30 % del total capturado); y noviembre, 3 especies (ca 41 % del total capturado). Mientras que algunas especies se mostraron activas durante todo el período de estudio (e.g., Ammotrechelis goetschi ), otras presentaron actividad parcial. Por ejemplo, Mummucia variegata manifestó actividad entre agosto y noviembre; Sedna pirata entre octubre y noviembre y tanto Procleobis sp. como Mummucia sp. estuvieron activas sólo en octubre. La diversidad y la denso-actividad de Solifugae estarían determinadas por factores biológicos y ecológicos
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Diversidad taxonómica y denso-actividad de solífugos (Arachnida: Solifugae) asociados a un ecosistema desértico costero del centro norte de Chile Taxonomic diversity and density-activity of solpugids (Arachnida: Solifugae) in a coastal desert ecosystem in the northern centre of Chile
Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 2008Co-Authors: Daniel E Valdivia, Jaime Pizarro-araya, Jorge Cepeda-pizarro, Andrés A. Ojanguren-affilastroAbstract:En Chile, el orden Solifugae está representado por 14 especies agrupadas en 10 géneros, distribuidos en las tres familias descritas en Sudamérica: Ammotrechidae, Mummuciidae y Daesiidae. En el presente trabajo se documenta la composición genérica y/o específica de solífugos asociados a un ecosistema desértico costero del centro norte de Chile, y se muestran las variaciones de su denso-actividad. El estudio se realizó en el sector costero de Punta de Choros (29°21'S, 71°10'O; 17 msnm), durante los meses de junio, agosto, octubre y noviembre de 2005. Entre los 249 ejemplares capturados, se reconoció la presencia de tres familias, cuatro géneros y cinco especies. Éstas fueron Procleobis sp., Sedna pirata Muma (Ammotrechidae), Mummucia sp., Mummucia variegata (Gervais) (Mummuciidae) y Ammotrechelis goetschi Roewer (Daesiidae). La mayor denso-actividad de solífugos se registró en los meses de octubre, 5 especies (ca 30 % del total capturado); y noviembre, 3 especies (ca 41 % del total capturado). Mientras que algunas especies se mostraron activas durante todo el período de estudio (e.g., Ammotrechelis goetschi), otras presentaron actividad parcial. Por ejemplo, Mummucia variegata manifestó actividad entre agosto y noviembre; Sedna pirata entre octubre y noviembre y tanto Procleobis sp. como Mummucia sp. estuvieron activas sólo en octubre. La diversidad y la denso-actividad de Solifugae estarían determinadas por factores biológicos y ecológicos.In Chile the order Solifugae is represented by 14 species arranged in 10 genera distributed among the three families described for South America: Ammotrechidae, Mummuciidae and Daesiidae. The present work documents the taxonomic composition of solpugids in a desert coastal ecosystem of the northern centre of Chile and describes variation in their density-activity. The study was carried out in the coastal sector of Punta de Choros (29°21'S, 71°10'W; 17 masl) during June, August, October and November 2005. The 249 captured specimens represented three families, four genera, and five species. These were Procleobis sp. and Sedna pirata Muma (Ammotrechidae), Mummucia sp. and Mummucia variegata (Gervais) (Mummuciidae), and Ammotrechelis goetschi Roewer (Daesiidae). The highest levels of solpugid density-activity occurred in October (ca 30 % of the total captured) and November (ca 41 % of the total captured). Five species were captured in October and three, in November. While some species were active throughout the study (e.g., Ammotrechelis goetschi), others showed occasional activity. For example, Mummucia variegata showed activity between August and November, Sedna pirata between October and November, and Procleobis sp. and Mummucia sp. only in October. The diversity and density-activity may be determined by biological and ecological factors
Daniel E Valdivia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diversidad taxonomica y denso actividad de solifugos arachnida Solifugae asociados a un ecosistema desertico costero del centro norte de chile
Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 2008Co-Authors: Daniel E Valdivia, Jaime Pizarroaraya, Jorge Cepedapizarro, Andres A OjangurenaffilastroAbstract:In Chile the order Solifugae is represented by 14 species arranged in 10 genera distributed among the three families described for South America: Ammotrechid...
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Diversidad taxonómica y denso-actividad de solífugos (Arachnida: Solifugae) asociados a un ecosistema desértico costero del centro norte de Chile
Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 2008Co-Authors: Daniel E Valdivia, Jaime Pizarro-araya, Jorge Cepeda-pizarro, Andrés A. Ojanguren-affilastroAbstract:En Chile, el orden Solifugae está representado por 14 especies agrupadas en 10 géneros, distribuidos en las tres familias descritas en Sudamérica: Ammotrechidae, Mummuciidae y Daesiidae. En el presente trabajo se documenta la composición genérica y/o específica de solífugos asociados a un ecosistema desértico costero del centro norte de Chile, y se muestran las variaciones de su denso-actividad. El estudio se realizó en el sector costero de Punta de Choros (29 ° 21’S, 71 ° 10’O; 17 msnm), durante los meses de junio, agosto, octubre y noviembre de 2005. Entre los 249 ejemplares capturados, se reconoció la presencia de tres familias, cuatro géneros y cinco especies. Éstas fueron Procleobis sp., Sedna pirata Muma (Ammotrechidae), Mummucia sp., Mummucia variegata (Gervais) (Mummuciidae) y Ammotrechelis goetschi Roewer (Daesiidae). La mayor denso-actividad de solífugos se registró en los meses de octubre, 5 especies (ca 30 % del total capturado); y noviembre, 3 especies (ca 41 % del total capturado). Mientras que algunas especies se mostraron activas durante todo el período de estudio (e.g., Ammotrechelis goetschi ), otras presentaron actividad parcial. Por ejemplo, Mummucia variegata manifestó actividad entre agosto y noviembre; Sedna pirata entre octubre y noviembre y tanto Procleobis sp. como Mummucia sp. estuvieron activas sólo en octubre. La diversidad y la denso-actividad de Solifugae estarían determinadas por factores biológicos y ecológicos
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Diversidad taxonómica y denso-actividad de solífugos (Arachnida: Solifugae) asociados a un ecosistema desértico costero del centro norte de Chile Taxonomic diversity and density-activity of solpugids (Arachnida: Solifugae) in a coastal desert ecosystem in the northern centre of Chile
Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 2008Co-Authors: Daniel E Valdivia, Jaime Pizarro-araya, Jorge Cepeda-pizarro, Andrés A. Ojanguren-affilastroAbstract:En Chile, el orden Solifugae está representado por 14 especies agrupadas en 10 géneros, distribuidos en las tres familias descritas en Sudamérica: Ammotrechidae, Mummuciidae y Daesiidae. En el presente trabajo se documenta la composición genérica y/o específica de solífugos asociados a un ecosistema desértico costero del centro norte de Chile, y se muestran las variaciones de su denso-actividad. El estudio se realizó en el sector costero de Punta de Choros (29°21'S, 71°10'O; 17 msnm), durante los meses de junio, agosto, octubre y noviembre de 2005. Entre los 249 ejemplares capturados, se reconoció la presencia de tres familias, cuatro géneros y cinco especies. Éstas fueron Procleobis sp., Sedna pirata Muma (Ammotrechidae), Mummucia sp., Mummucia variegata (Gervais) (Mummuciidae) y Ammotrechelis goetschi Roewer (Daesiidae). La mayor denso-actividad de solífugos se registró en los meses de octubre, 5 especies (ca 30 % del total capturado); y noviembre, 3 especies (ca 41 % del total capturado). Mientras que algunas especies se mostraron activas durante todo el período de estudio (e.g., Ammotrechelis goetschi), otras presentaron actividad parcial. Por ejemplo, Mummucia variegata manifestó actividad entre agosto y noviembre; Sedna pirata entre octubre y noviembre y tanto Procleobis sp. como Mummucia sp. estuvieron activas sólo en octubre. La diversidad y la denso-actividad de Solifugae estarían determinadas por factores biológicos y ecológicos.In Chile the order Solifugae is represented by 14 species arranged in 10 genera distributed among the three families described for South America: Ammotrechidae, Mummuciidae and Daesiidae. The present work documents the taxonomic composition of solpugids in a desert coastal ecosystem of the northern centre of Chile and describes variation in their density-activity. The study was carried out in the coastal sector of Punta de Choros (29°21'S, 71°10'W; 17 masl) during June, August, October and November 2005. The 249 captured specimens represented three families, four genera, and five species. These were Procleobis sp. and Sedna pirata Muma (Ammotrechidae), Mummucia sp. and Mummucia variegata (Gervais) (Mummuciidae), and Ammotrechelis goetschi Roewer (Daesiidae). The highest levels of solpugid density-activity occurred in October (ca 30 % of the total captured) and November (ca 41 % of the total captured). Five species were captured in October and three, in November. While some species were active throughout the study (e.g., Ammotrechelis goetschi), others showed occasional activity. For example, Mummucia variegata showed activity between August and November, Sedna pirata between October and November, and Procleobis sp. and Mummucia sp. only in October. The diversity and density-activity may be determined by biological and ecological factors
Tharina Louise Bird - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cheliceral morphology of Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary homology, terminology, and character survey
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 2015Co-Authors: Tharina Louise BirdAbstract:ABSTRACT Arachnids of the order Solifugae (solifuges, false spiders, sun spiders, camel spiders, Walzenspinne, wind spiders) possess the largest jaws for body size among the Chelicerata. The chelicerae provide the most important character systems for solifuge systematics, including dentition and the male cheliceral flagellum, both used extensively for species delimitation and diagnosis. However, the terminology used for cheliceral characters is not standardized and often contradictory, in part because it fails to represent homologous structures among taxa. Misinterpretation of character homology may introduce errors in phylogenetic analyses concerning relationships within Solifugae and among the orders of Chelicerata. This contribution presents the first comprehensive analysis of cheliceral morphology across the order Solifugae, the aims of which were to provide a broad survey of cheliceral characters for solifuge systematics, to identify and reinterpret structures based on primary homology, to revise the...
