The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Antonio Zadra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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successful treatment of Somnambulism with oros methylphenidate
Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Milan Nigam, Antonio Zadra, Jacques Montplaisir, Soufiane Boucetta, Steve A Gibbs, Alex DesautelsAbstract:Somnambulism is a non-rapid eye movement sleep parasomnia with potential for significant injury as well as functional nighttime and daytime impairment. Clonazepam is frequently used as first line p...
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sleep deprivation reveals altered brain perfusion patterns in Somnambulism
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Antonio Zadra, Thien Thanh Dangvu, Marcantoine Labelle, Dominique Petit, Jeanpaul Soucy, Jacques MontplaisirAbstract:Background Despite its high prevalence, relatively little is known about the pathophysiology of Somnambulism. Increasing evidence indicates that Somnambulism is associated with functional abnormalities during wakefulness and that sleep deprivation constitutes an important drive that facilitates sleepwalking in predisposed patients. Here, we studied the neural mechanisms associated with Somnambulism using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-Ethylene Cysteinate Dimer (ECD), during wakefulness and after sleep deprivation.
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analysis of eeg functional connectivity prior to Somnambulism
Sleep Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Marieeve Desjardins, Jacques Montplaisir, J Godbout, Julie Carrier, Antonio ZadraAbstract:Introduction There has been increased interest in examining sleep EEG data in terms of functional brain connectivity. These new investigative tools, however, remain practically unexplored in relation to sleep disorders. We studied the EEG coherence and interdependencies between brain areas before the onset of somnambulistic episodes recorded in the sleep laboratory. Materials and methods 13 adult sleepwalkers were investigated with polysomnography. Patients were selected on the basis of having experienced a somnambulistic episode in the sleep laboratory during their first period slow-wave sleep (SWS). The 20 s immediately preceding the onset of each of the 13 episodes was compared to the 20 s occurring two minutes prior to these episodes’ onset. Data from the Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2 leads were investigated using two complimentary measures of brain connectivity: standard coherence and imaginary coherence (the latter addressing the problem of spurious correlations due to common sources). Results The largest observed difference between the 20 s periods occurring immediately prior to episode onset versus the 20 s segments occurring 2 min before episode onset was for the imaginary coherence with greater connectivity taking place immediately preceding sleepwalking episodes. Furthermore, increased connectivity was strongest between frontal and occipital brain areas. Conclusion These pilot findings suggest that episodes of Somnambulism are preceded by temporal changes in brain connectivity and that the a direct interdependence between frontal and occipital brain regions may be implicated. The study of EEG connectivity in relation to NREM parasomnias may help elucidate brain processes underlying episode occurrence. Acknowledgements This research was supported by research grants from the Fonds de la recherche en sante du Quebec (FRSQ) and from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).
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Somnambulism clinical aspects and pathophysiological hypotheses
Lancet Neurology, 2013Co-Authors: Antonio Zadra, Dominique Petit, Alex Desautels, Jacques MontplaisirAbstract:Summary Somnambulism, or sleepwalking, can give rise to a wide range of adverse consequences and is one of the leading causes of sleep-related injury. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for proper management and imperative in an ever-increasing number of medicolegal cases implicating sleep-related violence. Unfortunately, several widely held views of sleepwalking are characterised by key misconceptions, and some established diagnostic criteria are inconsistent with research findings. The traditional idea of Somnambulism as a disorder of arousal might be too restrictive and a comprehensive view should include the idea of simultaneous interplay between states of sleep and wakefulness. Abnormal sleep physiology, state dissociation, and genetic factors might explain the pathophysiology of the disorder.
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analysis of slow wave activity and slow wave oscillations prior to Somnambulism
Sleep, 2010Co-Authors: Olivier Jaar, Jacques Montplaisir, Mathieu Pilon, Julie Carrier, Antonio ZadraAbstract:UNLABELLED: STUDY OBJECTIVIES: several studies have investigated slow wave sleep EEG parameters, including slow-wave activity (SWA) in relation to Somnambulism, but results have been both inconsistent and contradictory. The first goal of the present study was to conduct a quantitative analysis of sleepwalkers' sleep EEG by studying fluctuations in spectral power for delta (1-4 Hz) and slow delta (0.5-1 Hz) before the onset of somnambulistic episodes. A secondary aim was to detect slow-wave oscillations to examine changes in their amplitude and density prior to behavioral episodes. PARTICIPANTS: twenty-two adult sleepwalkers were investigated polysomnographically following 25 h of sleep deprivation. RESULTS: analysis of patients' sleep EEG over the 200 sec prior to the episodes' onset revealed that the episodes were not preceded by a gradual increase in spectral power for either delta or slow delta over frontal, central, or parietal leads. However, time course comparisons revealed significant changes in the density of slow-wave oscillations as well as in very slow oscillations with significant increases occurring during the final 20 sec immediately preceding episode onset. CONCLUSIONS: the specificity of these sleep EEG parameters for the occurrence and diagnosis of NREM parasomnias remains to be determined.
Jacques Montplaisir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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successful treatment of Somnambulism with oros methylphenidate
Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Milan Nigam, Antonio Zadra, Jacques Montplaisir, Soufiane Boucetta, Steve A Gibbs, Alex DesautelsAbstract:Somnambulism is a non-rapid eye movement sleep parasomnia with potential for significant injury as well as functional nighttime and daytime impairment. Clonazepam is frequently used as first line p...
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sleep deprivation reveals altered brain perfusion patterns in Somnambulism
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Antonio Zadra, Thien Thanh Dangvu, Marcantoine Labelle, Dominique Petit, Jeanpaul Soucy, Jacques MontplaisirAbstract:Background Despite its high prevalence, relatively little is known about the pathophysiology of Somnambulism. Increasing evidence indicates that Somnambulism is associated with functional abnormalities during wakefulness and that sleep deprivation constitutes an important drive that facilitates sleepwalking in predisposed patients. Here, we studied the neural mechanisms associated with Somnambulism using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-Ethylene Cysteinate Dimer (ECD), during wakefulness and after sleep deprivation.
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analysis of eeg functional connectivity prior to Somnambulism
Sleep Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Marieeve Desjardins, Jacques Montplaisir, J Godbout, Julie Carrier, Antonio ZadraAbstract:Introduction There has been increased interest in examining sleep EEG data in terms of functional brain connectivity. These new investigative tools, however, remain practically unexplored in relation to sleep disorders. We studied the EEG coherence and interdependencies between brain areas before the onset of somnambulistic episodes recorded in the sleep laboratory. Materials and methods 13 adult sleepwalkers were investigated with polysomnography. Patients were selected on the basis of having experienced a somnambulistic episode in the sleep laboratory during their first period slow-wave sleep (SWS). The 20 s immediately preceding the onset of each of the 13 episodes was compared to the 20 s occurring two minutes prior to these episodes’ onset. Data from the Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2 leads were investigated using two complimentary measures of brain connectivity: standard coherence and imaginary coherence (the latter addressing the problem of spurious correlations due to common sources). Results The largest observed difference between the 20 s periods occurring immediately prior to episode onset versus the 20 s segments occurring 2 min before episode onset was for the imaginary coherence with greater connectivity taking place immediately preceding sleepwalking episodes. Furthermore, increased connectivity was strongest between frontal and occipital brain areas. Conclusion These pilot findings suggest that episodes of Somnambulism are preceded by temporal changes in brain connectivity and that the a direct interdependence between frontal and occipital brain regions may be implicated. The study of EEG connectivity in relation to NREM parasomnias may help elucidate brain processes underlying episode occurrence. Acknowledgements This research was supported by research grants from the Fonds de la recherche en sante du Quebec (FRSQ) and from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).
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Somnambulism clinical aspects and pathophysiological hypotheses
Lancet Neurology, 2013Co-Authors: Antonio Zadra, Dominique Petit, Alex Desautels, Jacques MontplaisirAbstract:Summary Somnambulism, or sleepwalking, can give rise to a wide range of adverse consequences and is one of the leading causes of sleep-related injury. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for proper management and imperative in an ever-increasing number of medicolegal cases implicating sleep-related violence. Unfortunately, several widely held views of sleepwalking are characterised by key misconceptions, and some established diagnostic criteria are inconsistent with research findings. The traditional idea of Somnambulism as a disorder of arousal might be too restrictive and a comprehensive view should include the idea of simultaneous interplay between states of sleep and wakefulness. Abnormal sleep physiology, state dissociation, and genetic factors might explain the pathophysiology of the disorder.
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analysis of slow wave activity and slow wave oscillations prior to Somnambulism
Sleep, 2010Co-Authors: Olivier Jaar, Jacques Montplaisir, Mathieu Pilon, Julie Carrier, Antonio ZadraAbstract:UNLABELLED: STUDY OBJECTIVIES: several studies have investigated slow wave sleep EEG parameters, including slow-wave activity (SWA) in relation to Somnambulism, but results have been both inconsistent and contradictory. The first goal of the present study was to conduct a quantitative analysis of sleepwalkers' sleep EEG by studying fluctuations in spectral power for delta (1-4 Hz) and slow delta (0.5-1 Hz) before the onset of somnambulistic episodes. A secondary aim was to detect slow-wave oscillations to examine changes in their amplitude and density prior to behavioral episodes. PARTICIPANTS: twenty-two adult sleepwalkers were investigated polysomnographically following 25 h of sleep deprivation. RESULTS: analysis of patients' sleep EEG over the 200 sec prior to the episodes' onset revealed that the episodes were not preceded by a gradual increase in spectral power for either delta or slow delta over frontal, central, or parietal leads. However, time course comparisons revealed significant changes in the density of slow-wave oscillations as well as in very slow oscillations with significant increases occurring during the final 20 sec immediately preceding episode onset. CONCLUSIONS: the specificity of these sleep EEG parameters for the occurrence and diagnosis of NREM parasomnias remains to be determined.
Mathieu Pilon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of slow wave activity and slow wave oscillations prior to Somnambulism
Sleep, 2010Co-Authors: Olivier Jaar, Jacques Montplaisir, Mathieu Pilon, Julie Carrier, Antonio ZadraAbstract:UNLABELLED: STUDY OBJECTIVIES: several studies have investigated slow wave sleep EEG parameters, including slow-wave activity (SWA) in relation to Somnambulism, but results have been both inconsistent and contradictory. The first goal of the present study was to conduct a quantitative analysis of sleepwalkers' sleep EEG by studying fluctuations in spectral power for delta (1-4 Hz) and slow delta (0.5-1 Hz) before the onset of somnambulistic episodes. A secondary aim was to detect slow-wave oscillations to examine changes in their amplitude and density prior to behavioral episodes. PARTICIPANTS: twenty-two adult sleepwalkers were investigated polysomnographically following 25 h of sleep deprivation. RESULTS: analysis of patients' sleep EEG over the 200 sec prior to the episodes' onset revealed that the episodes were not preceded by a gradual increase in spectral power for either delta or slow delta over frontal, central, or parietal leads. However, time course comparisons revealed significant changes in the density of slow-wave oscillations as well as in very slow oscillations with significant increases occurring during the final 20 sec immediately preceding episode onset. CONCLUSIONS: the specificity of these sleep EEG parameters for the occurrence and diagnosis of NREM parasomnias remains to be determined.
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precipitating factors of Somnambulism impact of sleep deprivation and forced arousals
Neurology, 2008Co-Authors: Mathieu Pilon, Jacques Montplaisir, Antonio ZadraAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Experimental attempts to induce sleepwalking with forced arousals during slow-wave sleep (SWS) have yielded mixed results in children and have not been investigated in adult patients. We hypothesized that the combination of sleep deprivation and external stimulation would increase the probability of inducing somnambulistic episodes in sleepwalkers recorded in the sleep laboratory. The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of forced arousals from auditory stimuli (AS) in adult sleepwalkers and control subjects during normal sleep and following post-sleep deprivation recovery sleep. METHODS: Ten sleepwalkers and 10 controls were investigated. After a baseline night, participants were presented with AS at predetermined sleep stages either during normal sleep or recovery sleep following 25 hours of sleep deprivation. One week later, the conditions with AS were reversed. RESULTS: No somnambulistic episodes were induced in controls. When compared to the effects of AS during sleepwalkers' normal sleep, the presentation of AS during sleepwalkers' recovery sleep significantly increased their efficacy in experimentally inducing somnambulistic events and a significantly greater proportion of sleepwalkers (100%) experienced at least one induced episode during recovery SWS as compared to normal SWS (30%). There was no significant difference between the mean intensity of AS that induced episodes during sleepwalkers' SWS and the mean intensity of AS that awakened sleepwalkers and controls from SWS. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep deprivation and forced arousals during slow-wave sleep can induce somnambulistic episodes in predisposed adults. The results highlight the potential value of this protocol in establishing a video-polysomnographically based diagnosis for sleepwalking.
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Polysomnographic diagnosis of sleepwalking: Effects of sleep deprivation
Annals of Neurology, 2008Co-Authors: Antonio Zadra, Mathieu Pilon, Jacques MontplaisirAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Somnambulism affects up to 4% of adults and constitutes one of the leading causes of sleep-related violence and self-injury. Diagnosing Somnambulism with objective instruments is often difficult because episodes rarely occur in the laboratory. Because sleep deprivation can precipitate sleepwalking, we aimed to determine the effects of 25 hours of sleep deprivation on the frequency and complexity of somnambulistic episodes recorded in the laboratory.\n\nMETHODS: Thirty consecutive sleepwalkers were evaluated prospectively by video-polysomnography for one baseline night and during recovery sleep after 25 hours of sleep deprivation. Ten sleepwalkers with a concomitant sleep disturbance were investigated with the same protocol.\n\nRESULTS: Sleepwalkers experienced a significant increase in the mean frequency of somnambulistic episodes during postdeprivation recovery sleep. Postsleep deprivation also resulted in a significantly greater proportion of patients experiencing more complex forms of Somnambulism. Sleep deprivation was similarly effective in 9 of the 10 patients presenting with a comorbid sleep disturbance. Combining data from all 40 patients shows that whereas 32 episodes were recorded from 20 sleepwalkers (50%) at baseline, recovery sleep resulted in 92 episodes being recorded from 36 patients (90%).\n\nINTERPRETATION: The findings support the view that sleepwalkers suffer from a dysfunction of the mechanisms responsible for sustaining stable slow-wave sleep and suggest that these patients are particularly vulnerable to increased homeostatic sleep pressure. Strong evidence is provided that 25 hours of sleep deprivation can be a valuable tool that facilitates the polysomnographically based diagnosis of Somnambulism in predisposed patients.
Christian Guilleminault - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Violent behavior during sleep
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2005Co-Authors: Dalva Poyares, Carlos Maurício Oliveira De Almeida, Agostinho C. Rosa, Rogerio Santos Da Silva, Christian GuilleminaultAbstract:Cases of violent behavior during sleep have been reported in the literature. However, the incidence of violent behavior during sleep is not known. One epidemiological study showed that approximately 2% of the general population, predominantly males, presented violent behavior while asleep. In the present study, the authors describe clinical and medico-legal aspects involved in violent behavior investigation. Violent behavior refers to self-injury or injury to another during sleep. It happens most frequently following partial awakening in the context of arousal disorders (parasomnias). The most frequently diagnosed sleep disorders are REM behavior disorder and Somnambulism. Violent behavior might be precipitated by stress, use of alcohol or drugs, sleep deprivation or fever. Language: pt
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Somnambulism (sleepwalking)
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2004Co-Authors: Agnes Remulla, Christian GuilleminaultAbstract:Somnambulism is an arousal parasomnia consisting of a series of complex behaviours that result in large movements in bed or walking during sleep. It occurs in 2-14% of children and 1.6-2.4% of adults. Occasional benign episodes are managed conservatively. However, recurrent sleepwalking with a risk of injury to self or others mandates immediate treatment with pharmacotherapy while awaiting work-up. The most commonly used medications are benzodiazepines, particularly clonazepam, with tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors also administered. Treatment of underlying causes such as obstructive sleep apnoea, upper airway resistance syndrome, restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements, is currently the best approach and usually eliminates Somnambulism in children and adults.
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sleep and wakefulness in Somnambulism a spectral analysis study
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2001Co-Authors: Christian Guilleminault, Dalva Poyares, F Abat, Luciana PalombiniAbstract:Abstract Objective: The sleep structure and the dynamics of EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) were investigated in 12 young adults and age- and gender-matched controls. Methods: Polysomnography was performed in subjects with well-docurnented chronic sleepwalking and in matched controls. Blinded visual scoring was performed using the international criteria from the Rechtschaffen and Kales atlas [A manual of standardized technology, techniques and scoring systems for sleep stages of human subjects. Los Angeles: UCLA Brain Information Service, Brain Research Institute, 1968.] and by determining the presence of microarousals as defined in the American Sleep Disorders Association (ASDA) atlas [Sleep 15 (1992) 173.]. An evaluation of SWA overnight was performed on total nocturnal sleep to determine if a difference existed between groups of subjects, since sleepwalking usually originates with slow-wave sleep. Investigation of the delta power in successive nonoverlapping 4-second windows in the 32 seconds just prior to EMG activity associated with a confusional arousal was also conducted. One central EEG lead was used for all analyses. Results: Somnambulistic individuals experienced more disturbed sleep than controls during the first NREM–REM sleep cycle. They had a higher number of ASDA arousals and presented lower peak of SWA during the first cycle that led to a lower SWA decline overnight. When the investigation focused on the short segment immediately preceding a confusional arousal, they presented an important increase in the relative power of low delta (0.75–2 Hz) just prior to the confusional arousal. Conclusion: Sleepwalkers undergo disturbed nocturnal sleep at the beginning of the night. The increased power of low delta just prior to the confusional arousal experienced may not be related to Stages 3–4 NREM sleep. We hypothesize that it may be translated as a cortical reaction to brain activation.
Stanley Finger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical Connections and Perspectives - Somnambulism in Verdi's Macbeth and Bellini's La Sonnambula
Progress in Brain Research, 2015Co-Authors: Stanley Finger, Vittorio A Sironi, Michele Augusto RivaAbstract:The arts can provide unique ways for determining how people not directly involved in medicine were viewing and informing others about physical and mental disorders. With operas, one need only think about how various perturbations of madness have been portrayed. Somnambulism has long been a particularly perplexing disorder, both to physicians and the laity, and it features in a number of operas. Two mid-nineteenth-century masterpieces are examined in detail in this contribution: Verdi's Macbeth and Bellini's La Sonnambula. In the former, the sleepwalking scene is faithful to what Shakespeare's had written early in the seventeenth century, a time of witchcraft, superstition, and the belief that nocturnal wanderings might be caused by guilt. In Bellini's opera, in contrast, the victim is an innocent girl who suffers from a quirk of nature, hence eliciting sympathy and compassion. By examining the early literature on Somnambulism and comparing this disorder in these operas, we can see how thinking about this condition has changed and, more generally, how music was helping to generate new ways of thinking about specific diseases and medicine. Language: en
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Somnambulism in verdi s macbeth and bellini s la sonnambula opera sleepwalking and medicine
Progress in Brain Research, 2015Co-Authors: Stanley Finger, Vittorio A Sironi, Michele Augusto RivaAbstract:The arts can provide unique ways for determining how people not directly involved in medicine were viewing and informing others about physical and mental disorders. With operas, one need only think about how various perturbations of madness have been portrayed. Somnambulism has long been a particularly perplexing disorder, both to physicians and the laity, and it features in a number of operas. Two mid-nineteenth-century masterpieces are examined in detail in this contribution: Verdi's Macbeth and Bellini's La Sonnambula. In the former, the sleepwalking scene is faithful to what Shakespeare's had written early in the seventeenth century, a time of witchcraft, superstition, and the belief that nocturnal wanderings might be caused by guilt. In Bellini's opera, in contrast, the victim is an innocent girl who suffers from a quirk of nature, hence eliciting sympathy and compassion. By examining the early literature on Somnambulism and comparing this disorder in these operas, we can see how thinking about this condition has changed and, more generally, how music was helping to generate new ways of thinking about specific diseases and medicine. Language: en
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lord byron s physician john william polidori on Somnambulism
Progress in Brain Research, 2013Co-Authors: Stanley Finger, Anne StilesAbstract:John William Polidori (1795–1821) was the Edinburgh-trained physician hired by Lord Byron to accompany him to Switzerland, where he participated in the story-telling event proposed by Byron that led, with Polidori's help, to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Although those interested in English literature might also remember Polidori as the author of The Vampyre, one of the first extended works of fiction about vampires, his earlier interest in Somnambulism and trance states is only beginning to be appreciated. Even more than students of Romantic literature, historians of science and medicine seem little aware of what Polidori had written about oneirodynia, a synonym for Somnambulism, and how his thoughts from 1815 about such activities reflected the changing medical zeitgeist at this time. This chapter examines Polidori's medical thesis in a neuroscience context and compares what he wrote to the writings of several other physicians who were fascinated by nocturnal wanderings, their causes, their manifestations, and their possible treatments.
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Somnambulism and trance states in the works of john william polidori author of the vampyre
European Romantic Review, 2010Co-Authors: Anne Stiles, Stanley Finger, John B BulevichAbstract:English physician John William Polidori (1795–1821) is today best known as the author of The Vampyre (1819) and as the traveling companion of Lord Byron. Less appreciated is Polidori’s interest in Somnambulism and trance states, the subjects of his 1815 medical thesis at the University of Edinburgh. Until now, this little‐known document existed only in the original Latin. This essay draws upon a new English translation of the thesis in order to demonstrate how Polidori’s medical writing responded to the influences of mesmerism and phrenology, while anticipating mid‐Victorian theories of “unconscious cerebration” developed by William Benjamin Carpenter and Thomas Laycock. Polidori’s interest in Somnambulism carried over into his fiction. Lord Ruthven, the villain of The Vampyre, experiences trance‐like states and sensory lapses peculiar to somnambulists. These behaviors evoke Romantic‐era medical controversies surrounding the activity of the brain during sleep, as well as the potential conflict between hig...
