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Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of arthrospira Spirulina Maxima supplementation and a systematic physical exercise program on the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight or obese subjects a double blind randomized and crossover controlled trial
    Marine Drugs, 2018
    Co-Authors: Marco Antonio Hernandezlepe, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza, Jose Alberto Lopezdiaz, Rosa Patricia Hernandeztorres, Abraham Wallmedrano, Arnulfo Ramosjimenez
    Abstract:

    Excess weight and obesity are major risk factors for many chronic diseases, and weight-loss interventions often include systematic exercise and nutritional supplements. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent/synergistic effects of Arthrospira (Spirulina) Maxima supplementation (six weeks, 4.5 g·day−1) and a systematic physical exercise program (six weeks, twice weekly) on the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight and obese subjects. To achieve this, 27 overweight and 25 obese sedentary male subjects were assigned to four interventions through a randomized double-blind, crossover controlled trial: A physical exercise program, with (SE) or without (Ex) Spirulina Maxima; or no-exercise program, with (Sm) and without (C) Spirulina Maxima. The body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters were taken during a maximum intensity test. As compared to the C group, the body fat percentage of the SE, Sm and Ex groups was reduced (p < 0.05), while their Maximal oxygen uptake improved (r = −0.40), and obese subjects benefited more significantly. Weight loss, the time to reach fatigue and the onset of blood lactate accumulation were improved in both of the Spirulina Maxima supplemented groups, regardless of the subjects’ body weight. Spirulina Maxima supplementation synergistically improves the effects of systematic exercise on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in overweight, but mostly in individuals with obesity. Trial registration: Clinical Trials, NCT02837666. Registered 19 July 2016.

  • double blind randomised controlled trial of the independent and synergistic effect of Spirulina Maxima with exercise isese on general fitness lipid profile and redox status in overweight and obese subjects study protocol
    BMJ Open, 2017
    Co-Authors: Marco Antonio Hernandezlepe, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza, Jose Alberto Lopezdiaz, Rosa Patricia Hernandeztorres, Abraham Wallmedrano, Laura A De La Rosa, Jose Pedrazachaverri, Rene Urquidezromero, Arnulfo Ramosjimenez
    Abstract:

    Introduction In order to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors, a healthy diet must include dietary antioxidants from different sources (eg, Spirulina Maxima) and regular practice of exercise should be promoted. There is some evidence from animal studies that S. Maxima and exercise decrease cardiovascular disease risks factors. However, very few studies have proved the independent or synergistic effect of S. Maxima plus exercise in humans. This study attempts to address the independent and synergistic effects in overweight and obese subjects participating in a systematic physical exercise programme at moderate intensity on general fitness, plasma lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. Methods and analysis Using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced crossover study design, 80 healthy overweight and obese subjects will be evaluated during a 12-week isoenergetic diet accompanied by 4.5 g/day S. Maxima intake and/or a physical systematic exercise programme at moderate intensity. Body composition, oxygen uptake, heart rate, capillary blood lactate, plasma concentrations of triacylglycerols, total, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, antioxidant status, lipid oxidation, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and paraoxonase will be assessed. Ethics and dissemination This study and all the procedures have been approved by the Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez Bioethics Committee. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02837666.

  • effect of Spirulina Maxima on postprandial lipemia in young runners a preliminary report
    Journal of Medicinal Food, 2012
    Co-Authors: Patricia V Torresduran, Aldo Ferreirahermosillo, Rosa Patricia Hernandeztorres, Arnulfo Ramosjimenez, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza
    Abstract:

    Trained people exhibit low plasma concentrations of triacylglcyerols in both fasting and postprandial states. Exercise practice is commonly believed to improve postprandial lipemia. In addition, elevated postprandial lipemia is an indicator of poor lipid clearance, and it has been associated with atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and obesity. Spirulina Maxima is an edible microorganism with a high nutritional value. When it is consumed, beneficial properties to health have been demonstrated, such as hypolipemic and antihypertensive properties in human beings. This work evaluates the effects of orally administrated S. Maxima on postprandial lipemia in a young Mexican sporting population after 15 days of consumption, as a possible alternative treatment to improve their lipid clearance. Forty-one runners (10-26 years old; 21 men and 20 women) volunteered to participate in the study. All of them were physically active for at least 1 year before the study and were not undergoing training during the study. The subjects consumed 5 g of Spirulina during 15 days. Before and after the treatment with Spirulina, they consumed (12 h fasting) a standardized meal with high fat content (53.2% total calories). Postprandial lipemia was measured at 1.5, 3, and 4.5 h after the fatty meal. Fasting plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were lower after Spirulina treatment than before treatment. In addition, the postprandial area under the curve of TAG concentrations was lower after the treatment with Spirulina. Sixty-two percent of the youngest runners (10-16 years) studied exhibited the best response to the treatment. Orally administered S. Maxima decreased postprandial lipemia in sporting teenagers. The youngest people were the most responsive to the beneficial effects of Spirulina on postprandial lipemia.

  • protective effects of Spirulina Maxima on hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in the liver and kidney
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2010
    Co-Authors: Johny C Poncecanchihuaman, Oscar Perezmendez, Rolando Hernandezmunoz, Patricia V Torresduran, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza
    Abstract:

    Oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in lead toxicity, specially affecting the liver and kidney. Previous studies have shown the antioxidant effect of Spirulina Maxima in several experimental models of oxidative stress. The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Spirulina Maxima against lead acetate-induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of male rats. Control animals were fed on a standard diet and did not receive lead acetate (Control group). Experimental animals were fed on a standard laboratory diet with or without Spirulina Maxima 5% in the standard laboratory diet and treated with three doses of lead acetate (25 mg each/weekly, intraperitoneal injection) (lead acetate with Spirulina, and lead acetate without Spirulina groups). The results showed that Spirulina Maxima prevented the lead acetate-induced significant changes on plasma and liver lipid levels and on the antioxidant status of the liver and kidney. On the other hand, Spirulina Maxima succeeded to improve the biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney towards the normal values of the Control group. It was concluded that Spirulina Maxima has protective effects on lead acetate-induced damage, and that the effects are associated with the antioxidant effect of Spirulina.

  • antihyperlipemic and antihypertensive effects of Spirulina Maxima in an open sample of mexican population a preliminary report
    Lipids in Health and Disease, 2007
    Co-Authors: Patricia V Torresduran, Aldo Ferreirahermosillo, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza
    Abstract:

    Background Spirulina Maxima is a filamentous cyanobacterium used as food supplement because of its high nutrient contents. It has been experimentally proven, in vivo and in vitro that posses several pharmacological properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Maxima orally supplied (4.5 g/day, for 6 weeks) to a sample of 36 subjects (16 men and 20 women, with ages between 18–65 years) on serum lipids, glucose, aminotransferases and on blood pressure. The volunteers did not modify their dietary habits or lifestyle during the whole experimental period. From each subject, a sample of blood was drawn in fasting state of 12 hours to determi the plasma concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol associated to high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Anthropometric measurements including systolic (SYST-P) and diastolic (DIAST-P) blood pressure, height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were also recorded.

Booyong Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spirulina Maxima extract prevents activation of the nlrp3 inflammasome by inhibiting erk signaling
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sungwoo Chei, Youngjin Seo, Kuijin Kim, Jihyeon Song, Kippeum Lee, Booyong Lee
    Abstract:

    The blue-green alga Spirulina Maxima is a microscopic filamentous cyanobacterium. Spirulina was recently reported to elicit beneficial effects such as reducing cholesterol and inducing weight loss; however, its effects on inflammation are unknown. To determine the effect of S. Maxima extract (SME) on innate immunity, we investigated the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is a multiprotein scaffolding complex that plays important roles in innate immune responses to many pathogenic infections in macrophages. SME suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1β, and IL-18 in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, SME attenuated LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and thus pro-IL-1β could not be cleaved to IL-1β by activated caspase-1, which is activated by the NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, SME inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in RAW264.7 cells, and attenuated the generation of ERK1 induced-reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in decreased expression of NF-κB. These findings suggest that SME suppresses the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome via regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In summary, we demonstrated that SME prevents activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting ERK signaling.

  • Spirulina Maxima extract reduces obesity through suppression of adipogenesis and activation of browning in 3t3 l1 cells and high fat diet induced obese mice
    Nutrients, 2018
    Co-Authors: Youngjin Seo, Eunjeong Koh, Jia Choi, Kuijin Kim, Booyong Lee
    Abstract:

    Obesity predisposes animals towards the metabolic syndrome and diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Spirulina Maxima is a microalga with anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective activities, but the anti-obesity effect of Spirulina Maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has not yet been fully established. We investigated the effect of SM70EE on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and browning using in vitro and in vivo obesity models. SM70EE treatment reduced lipid droplet accumulation by the oil red O staining method and downregulated the adipogenic proteins C/EBPα, PPARγ, and aP2, and the lipogenic proteins SREBP1, ACC, FAS, LPAATβ, Lipin1, and DGAT1 by western blot analysis. In addition, the index components of SM70EE, chlorophyll a, and C-phycocyanin, reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis protein levels in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice administered with SM70EE demonstrated smaller adipose depots and lower blood lipid concentrations than control HFD-fed mice. The lower body mass gain in treated SM70EE-administrated mice was associated with lower protein expression of adipogenesis factors and higher expression of AMPKα-induced adipose browning proteins PRDM16, PGC1α, and UCP1. SM70EE administration ameliorates obesity, likely by reducing adipogenesis and activating the thermogenic program, in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced obese mice.

  • Spirulina Maxima extract prevents cell death through bdnf activation against amyloid beta 1 42 aβ1 42 induced neurotoxicity in pc12 cells
    Neuroscience Letters, 2018
    Co-Authors: Eunjeong Koh, Do-hyung Kang, Jia Choi, Kuijin Kim, Booyong Lee
    Abstract:

    Spirulina Maxima is a blue-green micro alga that contains abundant amounts of proteins (60-70%), vitamins, chlorophyll a, and C-phycocyanin (C-PC). It has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, and prevent diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it is unclear whether Spirulina Maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE), chlorophyll a, and C-PC prevent Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SM70EE, chlorophyll a, and C-PC prevent Aβ1-42-induced cell death. SM70EE, chlorophyll a, and C-PC suppressed the Aβ1-42-induced increase in poly-ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage and reduced Aβ1-42-induced decreases in glutathione and its associated factors. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays a critical role in neuronal survival and neuroprotection, was increased by SM70EE, chlorophyll a, and C-PC in Aβ1-42-treated cells. SM70EE treatment decreased oxidative stress and cell death in response to Aβ1-42 treatment, while simultaneously suppressing PARP cleavage and increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH) and its associated factors. Moreover, SM70EE lowered the levels of APP and BACE1, two major factors involved in APP processing, and increased BDNF expression during Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. We suggest that SM70EE prevents cell death caused by Aβ1-42 -induced neurotoxicity via the activation of BDNF signaling.

  • Spirulina Maxima extract ameliorates learning and memory impairments via inhibiting gsk 3β phosphorylation induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid β 1 42 in mice
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017
    Co-Authors: Eunjeong Koh, Hyeon-yong Lee, Do-hyung Kang, Jia Choi, Kuijin Kim, Jihyeon Song, Ho Jin Heo, Booyong Lee
    Abstract:

    Spirulina Maxima, a microalga containing high levels of protein and many polyphenols, including chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms where by Spirulina Maxima ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ1–42) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether a 70% ethanol extract of Spirulina Maxima (SM70EE) ameliorated cognitive impairments induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1–42 in mice. SM70EE increased the step-through latency time in the passive avoidance test and decreased the escape latency time in the Morris water maze test in Aβ1–42-injected mice. SM70EE reduced hippocampal Aβ1–42 levels and inhibited amyloid precursor protein processing-associated factors in Aβ1–42-injected mice. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase activity was suppressed by SM70EE in Aβ1–42-injected mice. Hippocampal glutathione levels were examined to determine the effects of SM70EE on oxidative stress in Aβ1–42-injected mice. SM70EE increased the levels of glutathione and its associated factors that were reduced in Aβ1–42-injected mice. SM70EE also promoted activation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/serine/threonine protein kinase signaling pathway and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation. These findings suggested that SM70EE ameliorated Aβ1–42-induced cognitive impairments by inhibiting the increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β caused by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1–42 in mice.

  • Spirulina Maxima extract prevents neurotoxicity via promoting activation of bdnf creb signaling pathways in neuronal cells and mice
    Molecules, 2017
    Co-Authors: Eunjeong Koh, Hyeon-yong Lee, Do-hyung Kang, Youngjin Seo, Jia Choi, Kuijin Kim, Booyong Lee
    Abstract:

    Spirulina Maxima is a microalgae which contains flavonoids and other polyphenols. Although Spirulina Maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE) has diverse beneficial effects, its effects on neurotoxicity have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SM70EE against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 cells. SM70EE inhibited the cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Besides, ROS production was decreased by down-regulating oxidative stress-associated enzymes. SM70EE increased the factors of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cyclic AMPresponsive elementbinding protein (CREB) signalling pathways. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was suppressed by SM70EE. Furthermore, we investigated whether SM70EE prevents cognitive deficits against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by applying behavioral tests. SM70EE increased step-through latency time and decreased the escape latency time. Therefore, our data suggest that SM70EE may prevent TMT neurotoxicity through promoting activation of BDNF/CREB neuroprotective signaling pathways in neuronal cells. In vivo study, SM70EE would prevent cognitive deficits against scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice.

Do-hyung Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Marine cyanobacterium Spirulina Maxima as an alternate to the animal cell culture medium supplement.
    Scientific reports, 2021
    Co-Authors: Younsik Jeong, Woon-yong Choi, Areumi Park, Yeon-ji Lee, Youngdeuk Lee, Gun-hoo Park, Su-jin Lee, Won Kyu Lee, Yong-kyun Ryu, Do-hyung Kang
    Abstract:

    Serum is a stable medium supplement for in vitro cell culture. Live cells are used in stem cell research, drug toxicity and safety testing, disease diagnosis and prevention, and development of antibiotics, drugs, and vaccines. However, use of serum in culture involves concerns such as an ethical debate regarding the collection process, lack of standardized ingredients, and high cost. Herein, therefore, we evaluated the possibility of using edible cyanobacterium (Spirulina Maxima), which is a nutrient-rich, sustainable, and ethically acceptable source, as a novel substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS). H460 cells were cultured to the 10th generation by adding a mixture of Spirulina animal cell culture solution (SACCS) and FBS to the culture medium. Cell morphology and viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, proteomes, and transcriptomes were assessed. We observed that SACCS had better growth-promoting capabilities than FBS. Cell proliferation was promoted even when FBS was replaced by 50-70% SACCS; there was no significant difference in cell shape or viability. There were only slight differences in the cell cycle, apoptosis, proteomes, and transcriptomes of the cells grown in presence of SACCS. Therefore, SACCS has the potential to be an effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly alternative to FBS in in vitro culture.

  • Spirulina Maxima derived pectin nanoparticles enhance the immunomodulation stress tolerance and wound healing in zebrafish
    Marine Drugs, 2020
    Co-Authors: D C Rajapaksha, Do-hyung Kang, S L Edirisinghe, S H S Dananjaya, Chamilani Nikapitiya, Hyojung Kwun, Cheolhee Kim, Mahanama De Zoysa
    Abstract:

    In this study, Spirulina Maxima derived pectin nanoparticles (SmPNPs) were synthesized and multiple biological effects were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. SmPNPs were not toxic to Raw 264.7 cells and zebrafish embryos up to 1 mg/mL and 200 µg/mL, respectively. SmPNPs upregulated Il 10, Cat, Sod 2, Def 1, Def 2, and Muc 1 in Raw 264.7 cells and tlr2, tlr4b, tlr5b, il1β, tnfα, cxcl8a, cxcl18b, ccl34a.4, ccl34b.4, muc5.1, muc5.2, muc5.3, hamp, cstd, hsp70, cat, and sod1 in the larvae and adult zebrafish, suggesting immunomodulatory activity. Exposure of larvae to SmPNPs followed by challenge with pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila resulted a two-fold reduction of reactive oxygen species, indicating reduced oxidative stress compared to that in the control group. The cumulative percent survival of larvae exposed to SmPNPs (50 µg/mL) and adults fed diet supplemented with SmPNPs (4%) was 53.3% and 76.7%, respectively. Topical application of SmPNPs on adult zebrafish showed a higher wound healing percentage (48.9%) compared to that in the vehicle treated group (38.8%). Upregulated wound healing markers (tgfβ1, timp2b, mmp9, tnfα, il1β,ccl34a.4, and ccl34b.4), enhanced wound closure, and restored pigmentation indicated wound healing properties of SmPNPs. Overall, results uncover the multiple bioactivities of SmPNPs, which could be a promising biocompatible candidate for broad range of aquatic and human therapies.

  • Spirulina Maxima derived marine pectin promotes the in vitro and in vivo regeneration and wound healing in zebrafish
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020
    Co-Authors: S L Edirisinghe, Do-hyung Kang, Chamilani Nikapitiya, Kyoungah Lee, D C Rajapaksha, Mahanama De Zoysa
    Abstract:

    Abstract Purified bioactive components of marine algae have shown great pharmaceutical and biomedical potential, including wound healing activity. However, the activity of Spirulina Maxima is the least documented with regard to wound healing potential. In the present study, we investigated the regenerative and wound healing activities of a Spirulina (Arthrospira) Maxima based pectin (SmP) using in vitro human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and in vivo zebrafish model. SmP treated (12.5–50 μg/mL) HDFs showed increased cell proliferation by 20–40% compared to the untreated HDFs. Moreover, in vitro wound healing results in HDFs demonstrated that SmP decreased the open wound area % in concentration-dependent manner at 12.5 (32%) and 25 μg/mL (12%) compared to the control (44%). Further, zebrafish larvae displayed a greater fin regenerated area in the SmP exposed group at 25 (0.48 mm2) and 50 μg/mL (0.51 mm2), whereas the untreated group had the lowest regenerated area (0.40 mm2) at 3 days post amputation. However, fin regeneration was significantly (P

  • novel pectin isolated from Spirulina Maxima enhances the disease resistance and immune responses in zebrafish against edwardsiella piscicida and aeromonas hydrophila
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2019
    Co-Authors: S L Edirisinghe, Do-hyung Kang, S H S Dananjaya, Chamilani Nikapitiya, T D Liyanage, Kyoungah Lee, Mahanama De Zoysa
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, we demonstrate the enhanced disease resistance and positive immunomodulation of novel pectin isolated from Spirulina Maxima (SmP) in zebrafish model. Zebrafish larvae exposed to SmP had significantly (p  2-fold induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (il1β) and chemokines (cxcl18b, ccl34a.4 and ccl34b.4). Overall results confirmed the positive modulation of innate immune responses in larval stage and it could be the main reason for developing disease resistance against E. piscicida and A. hydrophila. Thus, non-toxic, natural and biodegradable SmP could be considered as the potential immunomodulatory agent for sustainable aquaculture.

  • Increased Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced Microglia Cells by Spirulina Maxima Extract from Ultrasonic Process
    Applied Sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Woon-yong Choi, Do-hyung Kang, Jae-hun Sim, Jung-youl Lee, Hyeon-yong Lee
    Abstract:

    The Spirulina Maxima exact from a non-thermal ultrasonic process (UE) contains 17.5 mg/g of total chlorophyll, compared to 6.24 mg/g of chlorophyll derived from the conventional 70% ethanol extraction at 80 °C for 12 h (EE). The UE also showed relatively low cytotoxicity against murine microglial cells (BV-2) and inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2. The UE also effectively suppresses both mRNA expression and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, TNF-α gene and protein production were most strongly down-regulated, while IL-6 was the least affected by all ranges of treatment concentrations. This work first demonstrated a quantitative correlation between mRNA expression and the production of cytokines, showing that suppression of TNF-α gene expression was most significantly correlated with its secretion. These results clearly proved that the anti-inflammatory effects of Spirulina extract from a nonthermal ultrasonic process, which yielded high concentrations of intact forms of chlorophylls, were increased two-fold compared to those of conventional extracts processed at high temperature.

Arnulfo Ramosjimenez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of arthrospira Spirulina Maxima supplementation and a systematic physical exercise program on the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight or obese subjects a double blind randomized and crossover controlled trial
    Marine Drugs, 2018
    Co-Authors: Marco Antonio Hernandezlepe, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza, Jose Alberto Lopezdiaz, Rosa Patricia Hernandeztorres, Abraham Wallmedrano, Arnulfo Ramosjimenez
    Abstract:

    Excess weight and obesity are major risk factors for many chronic diseases, and weight-loss interventions often include systematic exercise and nutritional supplements. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent/synergistic effects of Arthrospira (Spirulina) Maxima supplementation (six weeks, 4.5 g·day−1) and a systematic physical exercise program (six weeks, twice weekly) on the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight and obese subjects. To achieve this, 27 overweight and 25 obese sedentary male subjects were assigned to four interventions through a randomized double-blind, crossover controlled trial: A physical exercise program, with (SE) or without (Ex) Spirulina Maxima; or no-exercise program, with (Sm) and without (C) Spirulina Maxima. The body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters were taken during a maximum intensity test. As compared to the C group, the body fat percentage of the SE, Sm and Ex groups was reduced (p < 0.05), while their Maximal oxygen uptake improved (r = −0.40), and obese subjects benefited more significantly. Weight loss, the time to reach fatigue and the onset of blood lactate accumulation were improved in both of the Spirulina Maxima supplemented groups, regardless of the subjects’ body weight. Spirulina Maxima supplementation synergistically improves the effects of systematic exercise on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in overweight, but mostly in individuals with obesity. Trial registration: Clinical Trials, NCT02837666. Registered 19 July 2016.

  • double blind randomised controlled trial of the independent and synergistic effect of Spirulina Maxima with exercise isese on general fitness lipid profile and redox status in overweight and obese subjects study protocol
    BMJ Open, 2017
    Co-Authors: Marco Antonio Hernandezlepe, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza, Jose Alberto Lopezdiaz, Rosa Patricia Hernandeztorres, Abraham Wallmedrano, Laura A De La Rosa, Jose Pedrazachaverri, Rene Urquidezromero, Arnulfo Ramosjimenez
    Abstract:

    Introduction In order to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors, a healthy diet must include dietary antioxidants from different sources (eg, Spirulina Maxima) and regular practice of exercise should be promoted. There is some evidence from animal studies that S. Maxima and exercise decrease cardiovascular disease risks factors. However, very few studies have proved the independent or synergistic effect of S. Maxima plus exercise in humans. This study attempts to address the independent and synergistic effects in overweight and obese subjects participating in a systematic physical exercise programme at moderate intensity on general fitness, plasma lipid profile and antioxidant capacity. Methods and analysis Using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced crossover study design, 80 healthy overweight and obese subjects will be evaluated during a 12-week isoenergetic diet accompanied by 4.5 g/day S. Maxima intake and/or a physical systematic exercise programme at moderate intensity. Body composition, oxygen uptake, heart rate, capillary blood lactate, plasma concentrations of triacylglycerols, total, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, antioxidant status, lipid oxidation, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and paraoxonase will be assessed. Ethics and dissemination This study and all the procedures have been approved by the Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez Bioethics Committee. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02837666.

  • effect of Spirulina Maxima on postprandial lipemia in young runners a preliminary report
    Journal of Medicinal Food, 2012
    Co-Authors: Patricia V Torresduran, Aldo Ferreirahermosillo, Rosa Patricia Hernandeztorres, Arnulfo Ramosjimenez, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza
    Abstract:

    Trained people exhibit low plasma concentrations of triacylglcyerols in both fasting and postprandial states. Exercise practice is commonly believed to improve postprandial lipemia. In addition, elevated postprandial lipemia is an indicator of poor lipid clearance, and it has been associated with atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and obesity. Spirulina Maxima is an edible microorganism with a high nutritional value. When it is consumed, beneficial properties to health have been demonstrated, such as hypolipemic and antihypertensive properties in human beings. This work evaluates the effects of orally administrated S. Maxima on postprandial lipemia in a young Mexican sporting population after 15 days of consumption, as a possible alternative treatment to improve their lipid clearance. Forty-one runners (10-26 years old; 21 men and 20 women) volunteered to participate in the study. All of them were physically active for at least 1 year before the study and were not undergoing training during the study. The subjects consumed 5 g of Spirulina during 15 days. Before and after the treatment with Spirulina, they consumed (12 h fasting) a standardized meal with high fat content (53.2% total calories). Postprandial lipemia was measured at 1.5, 3, and 4.5 h after the fatty meal. Fasting plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were lower after Spirulina treatment than before treatment. In addition, the postprandial area under the curve of TAG concentrations was lower after the treatment with Spirulina. Sixty-two percent of the youngest runners (10-16 years) studied exhibited the best response to the treatment. Orally administered S. Maxima decreased postprandial lipemia in sporting teenagers. The youngest people were the most responsive to the beneficial effects of Spirulina on postprandial lipemia.

Juan C Diazzagoya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ethanolic extract of Spirulina Maxima alters the vasomotor reactivity of aortic rings from obese rats
    Archives of Medical Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Dieter Mascher, Patricia V Torresduran, Juan C Diazzagoya, M C Paredescarbajal, Jose Zamoragonzalez, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza
    Abstract:

    Background Aortic rings with endothelium excised from fructose-fed obese rats develop more tension in response to phenylephrine and relax less in response to carbachol than corresponding rings from lean rats. This altered vascular reactivity is prevented when Spirulina Maxima is added to the fructose-rich diet. In the present study the effects of a raw ethanolic extract of Spirulina Maxima on the vasomotor responses of aorta rings from sucrose-fed obese hypertensive rats were analyzed. Methods The experiments were performed on aorta rings from sucrose-fed obese male rats. For each experiment, a pair of rings from the same aorta (one with intact endothelium, the other without a functional endothelium) was used. In this study we analyzed, in vitro , the effects of the ethanolic extract of Spirulina Maxima on the reactivity of the aortic rings to phenylephrine and to carbachol. Results On rings with endothelium, the extract produced the following effects: a) a concentration-dependent (0.06–1.0 mg/mL) decrease of the contractile response to phenylephrine; b) a rightward shift and a decrease in Maximal developed tension, of the concentration-response curve to phenylephrine; c) a concentration-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted rings. These effects persisted in the presence of indomethacin but were prevented by L-NAME. The extract had no effect on the concentration-response curve of phenylephrine-precontracted rings to carbachol. On endothelium-denuded rings the extract caused a significant rightward shift of the concentration response curve to phenylephrine without any effect on Maximal tension development. Conclusions These results suggest that, in rings from obese rats, the extract, in addition to increasing the synthesis/release of NO, also inhibits the synthesis/release of a cyclooxygenase-dependent vasoconstrictor metabolite of arachidonic acid, which is increased in obesity.

  • Spirulina Maxima prevents fatty liver formation in cd 1 male and female mice with experimental diabetes
    Life Sciences, 2001
    Co-Authors: A Rodriguezhernandez, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza, Juan C Diazzagoya, J L Blecastillo
    Abstract:

    The dietary administration of 5% Spirulina Maxima (SM) during four weeks to diabetic mice, starting one week after a single dose of alloxan, 250 mg/Kg body weight, prevented fatty liver production in male and female animals. The main action of SM was on triacylglycerol levels in serum and liver. There was also a moderate hypoglycemia in male mice. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances also decreased in serum and liver after SM administration. There was also a decrease in the percentage of HDL in diabetic mice that was reverted by the SM administration. The sum of LDL + VLDL percentages was also partially normalized in diabetic animals by the SM administration. An additional observation was the lower incidence of adherences between the liver and the intestine loops in the diabetic mice treated with SM compared with diabetic mice without SM. Male and female mice showed differences to diabetes susceptibility and response to SM, the female being more resistant to diabetes induction by alloxan and more responsive to the beneficial effects of SM. It is worth future work of SM on humans looking for better quality of life and longer survival of diabetic patients.

  • effects of the ethanolic extract of Spirulina Maxima on endothelium dependent vasomotor responses of rat aortic rings
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2001
    Co-Authors: M C Paredescarbajal, Patricia V Torresduran, Juan C Diazzagoya, Dieter Mascher, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza
    Abstract:

    Dietary Spirulina decreases, endothelium-dependently, the responses to vasoconstrictor agonists and increases the endothelium-dependent, agonist-induced, vasodilator responses of rat aorta rings. The aim of this study was to analyze, in vitro, the effects of a raw ethanolic extract of Spirulina Maxima on the vasomotor responses of rat aortic rings to phenylephrine and to carbachol. On rings with endothelium, the extract produced the following effects: (a) a concentration-dependent (60–1000 μg/ml) decrease of the contractile response to phenylephrine; (b) a rightward shift and a decrease in Maximal developed tension, of the concentration–response curve to phenylephrine; (c) a concentration dependent relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted rings. These effects were blocked by l-NAME, and not modified by indomethacin. The extract had no effect on the concentration–response curve to carbachol of rings with endothelium. On endothelium-denuded rings the extract caused a significant rightward shift of the concentration response curve to phenylephrine without any effect on Maximal tension development. In the presence of the extract, indomethacin induced a marked decrease in the Maximal phenylephrine-induced tension of endothelium-denuded rings. These results suggest that the extract increases the basal synthesis/release of NO by the endothelium and, also, the synthesis/release of a cyclooxygenase-dependent vasoconstricting prostanoid by vascular smooth muscle cells.

  • effects of dietary Spirulina Maxima on endothelium dependent vasomotor responses of rat aortic rings
    Life Sciences, 1997
    Co-Authors: M C Paredescarbajal, Patricia V Torresduran, Juan C Diazzagoya, Dieter Mascher, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Maxima on vasomotor responses of aorta rings from male Wistar rats fed on a purified diet. For this purpose, the animals (weighing 200-240 g) were allocated randomly in two groups. One receiving purified control diet (A) and the other receiving purified diet containing 5% Spirulina (B). Purified diets were according to American Institute of Nutrition guidelines and adjusted to Spirulina protein content. All animals were fed (20 g/day/rat) during two weeks, receiving water ad libitum and 12 h. light-dark cycles. Spirulina Maxima effects were evaluated by concentration-response (CR) curves of aorta rings with or without endothelium to phenylephrine (PE), both in presence and absence of indomethacin (Indom) or indomethacin plus L-NAME (Indom. + L-NAME), and to carbachol (CCh). Aorta rings with endothelium from group B showed, relative to corresponding rings from group A: 1) a significant decrease in the Maximal tension developed in response to PE. 2) this decrease was reverted by Indom. 3) Indom. + L-NAME induced an additional increase in the contractile responses to PE. 4) a significant shift to the left of the CR curve to CCh. No significant differences were observed in the tension developed in response to PE in rings without endothelium from either group. These results suggest that Spirulina Maxima may decrease vascular tone by increasing the synthesis and release of both a vasodilating cyclooxygenase-dependent product of arachidonic acid and nitric oxide, as well as by decreasing the synthesis and release of a vasoconstricting eicosanoid from the endothelial cells.

  • preventive effect of Spirulina Maxima on the fatty liver induced by a fructose rich diet in the rat a preliminary report
    Life Sciences, 1993
    Co-Authors: Gonzalez C Rivera, R Mirandazamora, Juan C Diazzagoya, Marco Antonio Juarezoropeza
    Abstract:

    Cyanobacteria Spirulina Maxima from Texcoco Lake in Mexico was administered as a 5% component of a purified diet, to Wistar rats together with a high percentage of fructose (60%) and its effect on several lipid fractions of plasma and liver was studied and compared to those of rats fed purified diets containing 60% of glucose or 60% of fructose. A preventive effect of Spirulina Maxima on the fructose-induced increase of the liver triglycerides level was observed together with an elevation of the phospholipid concentration in this tissue. On the other hand Spirulina Maxima produced a plasma cholesterol level even lower than that observed in the control group.