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Takashi Nakase - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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National Center for
2016Co-Authors: Lichenology Laboratory, Teun Boekhout, Microorganisms Riken, Takashi NakaseAbstract:and Sporidiobolus pararoseus complexes, with the description of Sporobolomyces phaffi
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Sporobolomyces Kluyver & van Niel (1924)
The Yeasts, 2011Co-Authors: Makiko Hamamoto, Teun Boekhout, Takashi NakaseAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter studies the genus Sporobolomyces. In the asexual reproduction it is seen that colonies are salmon-pink, orange-red, red, cream, or yellow-brown. Hyphae and pseudohyphae may be present. Cells are ellipsoidal, subglobose, or cylindrical. Budding is mostly polar, rarely lateral, or multilateral, with buds sessile or on short denticles, enteroblastic, and showing percurrent or sympodial proliferation. Ballistoconidia are bilaterally symmetrical, ellipsoidal, falcate, allantoid, lacrymoid, or amygdaliform. Sexual reproduction is absent. The chapter also discusses physiology/biochemistry and phylogenetic placement of the genus. The type species taken is Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. The key characters of species in the genus Sporobolomyces are presented. In the systematic discussion of the species, phylogenetic placement, growth on malt extract agar, growth in malt extract, Dalmau plate culture on corn meal agar, formation of ballistoconidia on corn meal agar, gene sequence accession numbers, type strain, origin of the strains studied, systematics, and ecology are determined.
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Sporobolomyces kluyver van niel 1924
The Yeasts (Fifth Edition), 2011Co-Authors: Makiko Hamamoto, Teun Boekhout, Takashi NakaseAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter studies the genus Sporobolomyces. In the asexual reproduction it is seen that colonies are salmon-pink, orange-red, red, cream, or yellow-brown. Hyphae and pseudohyphae may be present. Cells are ellipsoidal, subglobose, or cylindrical. Budding is mostly polar, rarely lateral, or multilateral, with buds sessile or on short denticles, enteroblastic, and showing percurrent or sympodial proliferation. Ballistoconidia are bilaterally symmetrical, ellipsoidal, falcate, allantoid, lacrymoid, or amygdaliform. Sexual reproduction is absent. The chapter also discusses physiology/biochemistry and phylogenetic placement of the genus. The type species taken is Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. The key characters of species in the genus Sporobolomyces are presented. In the systematic discussion of the species, phylogenetic placement, growth on malt extract agar, growth in malt extract, Dalmau plate culture on corn meal agar, formation of ballistoconidia on corn meal agar, gene sequence accession numbers, type strain, origin of the strains studied, systematics, and ecology are determined.
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Sporobolomyces diospyroris sp nov Sporobolomyces lophatheri sp nov and Sporobolomyces pyrrosiae sp nov three new species of ballistoconidium forming yeasts in the agaricostilbum lineage isolated from plants in taiwan
Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Satoko Tsuzuki, Hathairat Janngam, Somjit Amin, Morakot Tanticharoen, Sasitorn Jindamorakot, Wanchern Potacharoen, Takashi Nakase, Masako TakashimaAbstract:Three strains of xylose-lacking and ubiquinone-10-having ballistoconidium-forming yeasts isolated from plant leaves collected in Taiwan were found to represent respective new species. In phylogenetic trees constructed based on the nucleotide sequences of 18S rDNA and D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, they were located in the Agaricostilbum lineage (Agaricostilbum/Bensingtonia cluster). Since the taxonomic properties of these species coincide with those of the genus Sporobolomyces, they are described as Sporobolomyces diospyroris sp. nov., Sporobolomyces lophatheri sp. nov. and Sporobolomyces pyrrosiae sp. nov., respectively.
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Sporobolomyces magnisporus sp. nov., a new yeast species in the Erythrobasidium cluster isolated from plants in Taiwan
The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Nakase, Satoko Tsuzuki, Morakot Tanticharoen, Sasitorn Jindamorakot, Wanchern Potacharoen, Fwu-ling Lee, Takashi Sugita, Hathairat Jan-ngam, Toshiaki Kudo, Masako TakashimaAbstract:Two strains of yeasts that contain Q-10 as the major ubiquinone, lack cellular xylose and produce large bilaterally symmetrical ballistoconidia were isolated from plants collected in a protected subtropical rain forest in Taiwan and were found to represent a new species. The taxonomic properties of this species coincide with the genus Sporobolomyces, so it is described as Sporobolomyces magnisporus sp. nov. In phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal DNA and D1/D2 domain of 26S ribosomal DNA, this species is located in the Erythrobasidium cluster.
Raffaello Castoria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Patulin Degradation by the Biocontrol Yeast Sporobolomyces sp. Is an Inducible Process.
Toxins, 2017Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Cristina Pinedo, Alessandra Fratianni, Gianfranco Panfili, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium expansum and a common contaminant of pome fruits and their derived products worldwide. It is considered to be mutagenic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic and cytotoxic, and the development of strategies to reduce this contamination is an active field of research. We previously reported that Sporobolomyces sp. is able to degrade patulin and convert it into the breakdown products desoxypatulinic acid and ascladiol, both of which were found to be less toxic than patulin. The specific aim of this study was the evaluation of the triggering of the mechanisms involved in patulin resistance and degradation by Sporobolomyces sp. Cells pre-incubated in the presence of a low patulin concentration showed a higher resistance to patulin toxicity and a faster kinetics of degradation. Similarly, patulin degradation was faster when crude intracellular protein extracts of Sporobolomyces sp. were prepared from cells pre-treated with the mycotoxin, indicating the induction of the mechanisms involved in the resistance and degradation of the mycotoxin by Sporobolomyces sp. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of patulin resistance and degradation by Sporobolomyces sp., which is an essential prerequisite for developing an industrial approach aiming at the production of patulin-free products.
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Transcriptomic responses of the basidiomycete yeast Sporobolomyces sp. to the mycotoxin patulin
BMC Genomics, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Alexander Idnurm, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mold of stored pome fruits, and several other species of filamentous fungi. This mycotoxin has genotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic effects in mammals, and its presence in pome fruits and derived products represents a serious health hazard. Biocontrol agents in the Pucciniomycotina, such as the yeasts Sporobolomyces sp. strain IAM 13481 and Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain LS11, are able to resist patulin and degrade it into the less toxic compounds desoxypatulinic acid and ascladiol. In this investigation we applied a transcriptomic approach based on RNAseq to annotate the genome of Sporobolomyces sp. IAM 13481 and then study the changes of gene expression in Sporobolomyces sp. exposed to patulin. Patulin treatment leads to ROS production and oxidative stress that result in the activation of stress response mechanisms controlled by transcription factors. Upregulated Sporobolomyces genes were those involved in oxidation-reduction and transport processes, suggesting the activation of defense mechanisms to resist patulin toxicity and expel the mycotoxin out of the cells. Other upregulated genes encoded proteins involved in metabolic processes such as those of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, which are essential to restore the cellular redox homeostasis. Conversely, patulin treatment decreased the expression of genes involved in the processes of protein synthesis and modification, such as transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein phosphorylation and biosynthesis of amino acids. Also, genes encoding proteins involved in transport of ions, cell division and cell cycle were downregulated. This indicates a reduction of metabolic activity, probably due to the high energy requirement by the cells or metabolic arrest while recovering from the insult caused by patulin toxicity. Complex mechanisms are activated in a biocontrol yeast in response to patulin. The genes identified in this study can pave the way to develop i) a biodetoxification process of patulin in juices and ii) a biosensor for the rapid and cost-effective detection of this mycotoxin.
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Additional file 3: of Transcriptomic responses of the basidiomycete yeast Sporobolomyces sp. to the mycotoxin patulin
2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Alexander Idnurm, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:(A) Growth of Sporobolomyces sp. in LiBa medium in the presence and absence of 50 μg/ml of PAT. The arrows indicate when Sporobolomyces sp. cells were collected for RNA extraction. (B) TLC analysis of the growth medium from which Sporobolomyces sp. cells were collected for RNA extraction. The lanes with asterisks correspond to the time when Sporobolomyces sp. cells were collected (i.e. grey arrows). PAT = patulin; DPA = desoxypatulinic acid; ASCL = ascladiol. TLC analysis was performed until no more PAT was detected. (TIF 749 kb
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Additional file 9: of Transcriptomic responses of the basidiomycete yeast Sporobolomyces sp. to the mycotoxin patulin
2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Alexander Idnurm, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:Combined table of cuffdiff, Blast2GO and BLASTx outputs for Sporobolomyces sp. genes detected only in the presence of 5 μg/ml of PAT. DEGs have been sorted for FPKM expression values (from the highest to the lowest), and those with FPKM lower than 1.5 were discarded. BLASTx results with existing Sporobolomyces sp. genome annotation were useful to identify new genes detected in the present study, while BLASTx against SGD was necessary to identify Sporobolomyces sp. orthologs in yeast and to assign gene names accordingly; low homology (i.e. E-values positive or higher than 1E-3) was reported as NA, indicating that no S. cerevisiae orthologs of Sporobolomyces sp. DEGs were found. (XLSX 13 kb
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Additional file 10: of Transcriptomic responses of the basidiomycete yeast Sporobolomyces sp. to the mycotoxin patulin
2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Alexander Idnurm, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:Combined table of cuffdiff and BLASTx outputs for upregulated (Log2FC ≥ 2) and downregulated (Log2FC ≤ -2) DEGs detected for Sporobolomyces sp. grown in the presence of 50 μg/ml of PAT at OD595 of ~0.08. BLASTx against existing Sporobolomyces sp. genome annotation and SGD is also shown. DEGs have been sorted from the highest Log2FC value to the smallest. In bold are indicated DEGs found also for Sporobolomyces sp. incubated in the presence of 5 μg/ml of PAT reported in additional files 7 and 9. (XLSX 52 kb
Masako Takashima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sporobolomyces diospyroris sp nov Sporobolomyces lophatheri sp nov and Sporobolomyces pyrrosiae sp nov three new species of ballistoconidium forming yeasts in the agaricostilbum lineage isolated from plants in taiwan
Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Satoko Tsuzuki, Hathairat Janngam, Somjit Amin, Morakot Tanticharoen, Sasitorn Jindamorakot, Wanchern Potacharoen, Takashi Nakase, Masako TakashimaAbstract:Three strains of xylose-lacking and ubiquinone-10-having ballistoconidium-forming yeasts isolated from plant leaves collected in Taiwan were found to represent respective new species. In phylogenetic trees constructed based on the nucleotide sequences of 18S rDNA and D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, they were located in the Agaricostilbum lineage (Agaricostilbum/Bensingtonia cluster). Since the taxonomic properties of these species coincide with those of the genus Sporobolomyces, they are described as Sporobolomyces diospyroris sp. nov., Sporobolomyces lophatheri sp. nov. and Sporobolomyces pyrrosiae sp. nov., respectively.
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Sporobolomyces magnisporus sp. nov., a new yeast species in the Erythrobasidium cluster isolated from plants in Taiwan
The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Nakase, Satoko Tsuzuki, Morakot Tanticharoen, Sasitorn Jindamorakot, Wanchern Potacharoen, Fwu-ling Lee, Takashi Sugita, Hathairat Jan-ngam, Toshiaki Kudo, Masako TakashimaAbstract:Two strains of yeasts that contain Q-10 as the major ubiquinone, lack cellular xylose and produce large bilaterally symmetrical ballistoconidia were isolated from plants collected in a protected subtropical rain forest in Taiwan and were found to represent a new species. The taxonomic properties of this species coincide with the genus Sporobolomyces, so it is described as Sporobolomyces magnisporus sp. nov. In phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal DNA and D1/D2 domain of 26S ribosomal DNA, this species is located in the Erythrobasidium cluster.
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Reclassification of the Sporobolomyces roseus and Sporidiobolus pararoseus complexes, with the description of Sporobolomyces phaffii sp. nov.
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 2002Co-Authors: Feng-yan Bai, Masako Takashima, Teun Boekhout, Jian-hua Zhao, Jian-hua Jia, Takashi NakaseAbstract:More than 50 ballistoconidium-forming yeast strains, isolated from plant leaves collected in Yunnan, China, were identified as Sporobolomyces roseus Kluyver & van Niel by conventional methods. However, comparison of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 265 rDNA D1/D2 domain sequences indicated that these strains represented more than one species. Type or authentic strains of the synonyms of Sporobolomyces roseus and the closely related species Sporidiobolus pararoseus Fell & Tallman were employed in the rDNA sequence comparison. Sporobolomyces boleticola Ramírez, Sporobolomyces pollaccii Verona & Ciferri, Sporobolomyces roseus var. madurae Janke and Torulopsis somala Verona were confirmed to be conspecific with Sporobolomyces roseus. Another synonym of this species, Sporobolomyces salmoneus Derx, was located together with Sporobolomyces marcillae Santa Maria in a separate clade. Two synonyms of Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporobolomyces carnicolor Yamasaki & Fujii (nom. inval.) and Sporobolomyces japonicus Iizuka & Goto, were revealed to represent two distinct species. The name Sporobolomyces carnicolor is validated, with strain CBS 4215(T) as the type strain. A novel species represented by five of the selected Yunnan strains was confirmed, for which the name Sporobolomyces phaffii sp. nov. is proposed (type strain CH 2.052(T) = AS 2.2137(T) = JCM 11491(T) = CBS 9129(T)). This study also indicates that yeast species with similar ITS sequences may have quite different D1/D2 sequences.
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Sporobolomyces yunnanensis sp. nov., a Q-10(H2)-containing yeast species with a close phylogenetic relationship to Erythrobasidium hasegawianum.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Feng-yan Bai, Masako Takashima, Makiko Hamamoto, Takashi NakaseAbstract:A ballistoconidia-forming yeast strain, CH 2.141T, isolated from a semi-dried leaf sample collected in Yunnan, China, was found to have Q-10(H2) as its major ubiquinone. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of small subunit (18S) rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer region (including 5.8S rDNA) indicated that the strain was closely related to the two described Q-10(H2)-containing yeast species, Erythrobasidium hasegawianum and Sporobolomyces elongatus, with a closer relationship to the former. A DNA-DNA reassociation experiment showed that strain CH 2.141T represents a new yeast species, for which the name Sporobolomyces yunnanensis sp. nov. is proposed.
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A phylogenetic study of the genus Tilletiopsis, Tilletiaria anomala and related taxa based on the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences
The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 1996Co-Authors: Masako Takashima, Takashi NakaseAbstract:Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences were determined in six species of the genus Tilletiopsis, in addition to Tilletiaria anomala. The phylogenetic trees were constructed for the species of the genus Tilletiopsis, in addition to T. anomala and related taxa by neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods. The phylogenetic trees showed that the basidiomycetous yeasts and related taxa were divided into three main clusters. Six species of the genus Tilletiopsis, in addition to T. anomala, constituted a cluster with Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili, Tilletia caries, Ustilago hordei and U. maydis (cluster 1). In cluster 1, Tilletiopsis species and T. anomala constituted a subcluster with S. paphiopedili and T. caries (cluster lb). The reliability of cluster lb was statistically well supported. On the other hand, Sporobolomyces roseus, the type species of the genus Sporobolomyces, was located at cluster 2 together with Bensingtonia species, Erythrobasidium hasegawianum, Kondoa malvinella, Leucospori-dium scottii, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus johnsonii. This result clearly showed the phylogenetic divergence between the genera Tilletiopsis and Sporobolomyces; whereas the genera Tilletiopsis and Sporobolomyces have common chemotaxonomic characteristics, i.e., the lack of xylose in the cells and the possession of Q-10 as the major ubiquinone.
Giuseppe Ianiri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Patulin Degradation by the Biocontrol Yeast Sporobolomyces sp. Is an Inducible Process.
Toxins, 2017Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Cristina Pinedo, Alessandra Fratianni, Gianfranco Panfili, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium expansum and a common contaminant of pome fruits and their derived products worldwide. It is considered to be mutagenic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic and cytotoxic, and the development of strategies to reduce this contamination is an active field of research. We previously reported that Sporobolomyces sp. is able to degrade patulin and convert it into the breakdown products desoxypatulinic acid and ascladiol, both of which were found to be less toxic than patulin. The specific aim of this study was the evaluation of the triggering of the mechanisms involved in patulin resistance and degradation by Sporobolomyces sp. Cells pre-incubated in the presence of a low patulin concentration showed a higher resistance to patulin toxicity and a faster kinetics of degradation. Similarly, patulin degradation was faster when crude intracellular protein extracts of Sporobolomyces sp. were prepared from cells pre-treated with the mycotoxin, indicating the induction of the mechanisms involved in the resistance and degradation of the mycotoxin by Sporobolomyces sp. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of patulin resistance and degradation by Sporobolomyces sp., which is an essential prerequisite for developing an industrial approach aiming at the production of patulin-free products.
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Transcriptomic responses of the basidiomycete yeast Sporobolomyces sp. to the mycotoxin patulin
BMC Genomics, 2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Alexander Idnurm, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mold of stored pome fruits, and several other species of filamentous fungi. This mycotoxin has genotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic effects in mammals, and its presence in pome fruits and derived products represents a serious health hazard. Biocontrol agents in the Pucciniomycotina, such as the yeasts Sporobolomyces sp. strain IAM 13481 and Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain LS11, are able to resist patulin and degrade it into the less toxic compounds desoxypatulinic acid and ascladiol. In this investigation we applied a transcriptomic approach based on RNAseq to annotate the genome of Sporobolomyces sp. IAM 13481 and then study the changes of gene expression in Sporobolomyces sp. exposed to patulin. Patulin treatment leads to ROS production and oxidative stress that result in the activation of stress response mechanisms controlled by transcription factors. Upregulated Sporobolomyces genes were those involved in oxidation-reduction and transport processes, suggesting the activation of defense mechanisms to resist patulin toxicity and expel the mycotoxin out of the cells. Other upregulated genes encoded proteins involved in metabolic processes such as those of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, which are essential to restore the cellular redox homeostasis. Conversely, patulin treatment decreased the expression of genes involved in the processes of protein synthesis and modification, such as transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein phosphorylation and biosynthesis of amino acids. Also, genes encoding proteins involved in transport of ions, cell division and cell cycle were downregulated. This indicates a reduction of metabolic activity, probably due to the high energy requirement by the cells or metabolic arrest while recovering from the insult caused by patulin toxicity. Complex mechanisms are activated in a biocontrol yeast in response to patulin. The genes identified in this study can pave the way to develop i) a biodetoxification process of patulin in juices and ii) a biosensor for the rapid and cost-effective detection of this mycotoxin.
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Additional file 3: of Transcriptomic responses of the basidiomycete yeast Sporobolomyces sp. to the mycotoxin patulin
2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Alexander Idnurm, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:(A) Growth of Sporobolomyces sp. in LiBa medium in the presence and absence of 50 μg/ml of PAT. The arrows indicate when Sporobolomyces sp. cells were collected for RNA extraction. (B) TLC analysis of the growth medium from which Sporobolomyces sp. cells were collected for RNA extraction. The lanes with asterisks correspond to the time when Sporobolomyces sp. cells were collected (i.e. grey arrows). PAT = patulin; DPA = desoxypatulinic acid; ASCL = ascladiol. TLC analysis was performed until no more PAT was detected. (TIF 749 kb
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Additional file 9: of Transcriptomic responses of the basidiomycete yeast Sporobolomyces sp. to the mycotoxin patulin
2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Alexander Idnurm, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:Combined table of cuffdiff, Blast2GO and BLASTx outputs for Sporobolomyces sp. genes detected only in the presence of 5 μg/ml of PAT. DEGs have been sorted for FPKM expression values (from the highest to the lowest), and those with FPKM lower than 1.5 were discarded. BLASTx results with existing Sporobolomyces sp. genome annotation were useful to identify new genes detected in the present study, while BLASTx against SGD was necessary to identify Sporobolomyces sp. orthologs in yeast and to assign gene names accordingly; low homology (i.e. E-values positive or higher than 1E-3) was reported as NA, indicating that no S. cerevisiae orthologs of Sporobolomyces sp. DEGs were found. (XLSX 13 kb
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Additional file 10: of Transcriptomic responses of the basidiomycete yeast Sporobolomyces sp. to the mycotoxin patulin
2016Co-Authors: Giuseppe Ianiri, Alexander Idnurm, Raffaello CastoriaAbstract:Combined table of cuffdiff and BLASTx outputs for upregulated (Log2FC ≥ 2) and downregulated (Log2FC ≤ -2) DEGs detected for Sporobolomyces sp. grown in the presence of 50 μg/ml of PAT at OD595 of ~0.08. BLASTx against existing Sporobolomyces sp. genome annotation and SGD is also shown. DEGs have been sorted from the highest Log2FC value to the smallest. In bold are indicated DEGs found also for Sporobolomyces sp. incubated in the presence of 5 μg/ml of PAT reported in additional files 7 and 9. (XLSX 52 kb
Makiko Hamamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sporobolomyces Kluyver & van Niel (1924)
The Yeasts, 2011Co-Authors: Makiko Hamamoto, Teun Boekhout, Takashi NakaseAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter studies the genus Sporobolomyces. In the asexual reproduction it is seen that colonies are salmon-pink, orange-red, red, cream, or yellow-brown. Hyphae and pseudohyphae may be present. Cells are ellipsoidal, subglobose, or cylindrical. Budding is mostly polar, rarely lateral, or multilateral, with buds sessile or on short denticles, enteroblastic, and showing percurrent or sympodial proliferation. Ballistoconidia are bilaterally symmetrical, ellipsoidal, falcate, allantoid, lacrymoid, or amygdaliform. Sexual reproduction is absent. The chapter also discusses physiology/biochemistry and phylogenetic placement of the genus. The type species taken is Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. The key characters of species in the genus Sporobolomyces are presented. In the systematic discussion of the species, phylogenetic placement, growth on malt extract agar, growth in malt extract, Dalmau plate culture on corn meal agar, formation of ballistoconidia on corn meal agar, gene sequence accession numbers, type strain, origin of the strains studied, systematics, and ecology are determined.
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Sporobolomyces kluyver van niel 1924
The Yeasts (Fifth Edition), 2011Co-Authors: Makiko Hamamoto, Teun Boekhout, Takashi NakaseAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter studies the genus Sporobolomyces. In the asexual reproduction it is seen that colonies are salmon-pink, orange-red, red, cream, or yellow-brown. Hyphae and pseudohyphae may be present. Cells are ellipsoidal, subglobose, or cylindrical. Budding is mostly polar, rarely lateral, or multilateral, with buds sessile or on short denticles, enteroblastic, and showing percurrent or sympodial proliferation. Ballistoconidia are bilaterally symmetrical, ellipsoidal, falcate, allantoid, lacrymoid, or amygdaliform. Sexual reproduction is absent. The chapter also discusses physiology/biochemistry and phylogenetic placement of the genus. The type species taken is Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. The key characters of species in the genus Sporobolomyces are presented. In the systematic discussion of the species, phylogenetic placement, growth on malt extract agar, growth in malt extract, Dalmau plate culture on corn meal agar, formation of ballistoconidia on corn meal agar, gene sequence accession numbers, type strain, origin of the strains studied, systematics, and ecology are determined.
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Bannoa hahajimensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and three related anamorphs, Sporobolomyces bischofiae sp. nov., Sporobolomyces ogasawarensis sp. nov. and Sporobolomyces syzygii sp. nov., yeasts isolated from plants in Japan.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2002Co-Authors: Makiko Hamamoto, Vu Nguyen Thanh, Takashi NakaseAbstract:Fourteen ballistoconidium-forming yeast strains were isolated from leaves of plants collected in the Ogasawara Islands, which are isolated islands in the Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 km south of the Japanese mainland, in the subtropical zone. The 14 isolates were characterized by the absence of xylose in whole-cell hydrolysates, the presence of Q-10(H2) as the major ubiquinone isoprenologue, G+C contents of 47.6-52.0 mol%, the inability to ferment sugars or to assimilate nitrate and positive Diazonium blue B and urease reactions. They formed a phylogenetically coherent cluster within the Erythrobasidium lineage in the Urediniomycetes of the Basidiomycota based on 18S rDNA sequences. Analyses of the nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and DNA complementarity showed that four genospecies were recognized among the 14 isolates. A mating reaction was observed in one of the four genospecies, which produced one-celled basidia on dikaryotic hyphae with clamp connections. On the basis of the morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, a new teleomorphic genus, Bannoa, is proposed, in which one novel species is described, Bannoa hahajimensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain OK-248(T) = JCM 10336T = CBS 9039(T)). The other three anamorphic genospecies are described as Sporobolomyces bischofiae sp. nov. (type strain OK-257T = JCM 10338T =CBS 9041T), Sporobolomyces ogasawarensis sp. nov. (type strain OK-14T = JCM 10326T = CBS 9038T) and Sporobolomyces syzygii sp. nov. (type strain OK-227T = JCM 10337T = CBS 9040T.
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Distribution and identification of red yeasts in deep-sea environments around the northwest Pacific Ocean
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2001Co-Authors: Takahiko Nagahama, Takashi Nakase, Makiko Hamamoto, Hideto Takami, Koki HorikoshiAbstract:We isolated 99 yeast strains, including 40 red yeasts, from benthic animals and sediments collected from the deep-sea floor in various areas in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Comparing the yeast isolates from animals and sediments collected from shallow locations, the proportion of red yeasts differed considerably, comprising 81.5% and 10.6% of the isolates from animals and sediments, respectively. All of the red yeast isolates belonged to the genera Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces . On the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics, the isolates were identified as R. aurantiaca, R. glutinis , R. minuta and R. mucilaginosa of the genus Rhodotorula , and S. salmonicolor and S. shibatanus of the genus Sporobolomyces . Only R. glutinis and R. mucilaginosa were isolated from sediments. All of the others were isolated from animal sources. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and 5.8S rRNA gene sequences allowed us to establish the precise taxonomic placement of each of the isolates and thereby investigate the intraspecific relationships among the isolates. Twenty-two strains identified as members of R. glutinis , which showed a wide distribution in the deep-sea, and five isolates identified as R. minuta , which were isolated only from benthic animals, showed substantial heterogeneity within the species. The isolates phenotypically identified as Sporobolomyces species and R. mucilaginosa phylogenetically occupied the placements corresponding to these species. Some strains assigned to known species on the basis of phenotypic features should be regarded as new species as suggested by the results of molecular analysis.
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Sporobolomyces yunnanensis sp. nov., a Q-10(H2)-containing yeast species with a close phylogenetic relationship to Erythrobasidium hasegawianum.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Feng-yan Bai, Masako Takashima, Makiko Hamamoto, Takashi NakaseAbstract:A ballistoconidia-forming yeast strain, CH 2.141T, isolated from a semi-dried leaf sample collected in Yunnan, China, was found to have Q-10(H2) as its major ubiquinone. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of small subunit (18S) rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer region (including 5.8S rDNA) indicated that the strain was closely related to the two described Q-10(H2)-containing yeast species, Erythrobasidium hasegawianum and Sporobolomyces elongatus, with a closer relationship to the former. A DNA-DNA reassociation experiment showed that strain CH 2.141T represents a new yeast species, for which the name Sporobolomyces yunnanensis sp. nov. is proposed.
