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Robert J Mcdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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parallel associative processing in the dorsal striatum segregation of Stimulus Response and cognitive control subregions
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2011Co-Authors: Bryan D Devan, Nancy S Hong, Robert J McdonaldAbstract:Although evidence suggests that the dorsal striatum contributes to multiple learning and memory functions, there nevertheless remains considerable disagreement on the specific associative roles of different neuroanatomical subregions. We review evidence indicating that the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is a substrate for Stimulus–Response habit formation – incremental strengthening of simple S–R bonds – via input from sensorimotor neocortex while the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) contributes to behavioral flexibility – the cognitive control of behavior – via prefrontal and limbic circuits engaged in relational and spatial information processing. The parallel circuits through dorsal striatum interact with incentive/affective motivational processing in the ventral striatum and portions of the prefrontal cortex leading to overt responding under specific testing conditions. Converging evidence obtained through a detailed task analysis and neurobehavioral assessment is beginning to illuminate striatal subregional interactions and relations to the rest of the mammalian brain.
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lesions of the dorsolateral striatum impair the acquisition of a simplified Stimulus Response dependent conditional discrimination task
Neuroscience, 2005Co-Authors: Robert E Featherstone, Robert J McdonaldAbstract:The dorsal striatum has long been thought to be important for some types of learning and memory, especially Stimulus-Response learning. Recently, we demonstrated that selective lesions of the dorsolateral striatum, but not dorsomedial striatum in rats, retarded the acquisition of two instrumental discrimination tasks thought to require Stimulus-Response learning. However, since these studies investigated the effects of dorsal striatal lesions on task acquisition, which can be confounded by differences in level of reinforcement and motor impairment caused by the lesion, the interpretation of these findings was somewhat problematic. The present experiment was designed to address these issues by assessing the effects of lesions of the dorsolateral striatum on a simplified version of the conditional discrimination task, in which the importance of reinforcement and motor factors was minimized. Animals with lesions of the dorsolateral striatum showed marked impairments in learning this task, a finding that is in agreement with the notion that the dorsolateral striatum is necessary for Stimulus-Response learning.
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dorsal striatum and Stimulus Response learning lesions of the dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum impair acquisition of a Stimulus Response based instrumental discrimination task while sparing conditioned place preference learning
Neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Robert E Featherstone, Robert J McdonaldAbstract:While some evidence suggests that the dorsal striatum is important for Stimulus-Response learning, disagreement exists about the relative contribution of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum to this form of learning. In the present experiment, the effects of lesions of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum were investigated on two tasks that differentially require the development of Stimulus-Response learning. The first task utilized an operant conditional discrimination task, which is likely to rely heavily upon Stimulus-Response learning. The second task looked conditioned place preference learning, a task that is unlikely to require the development of Stimulus-Response associations. Animals with lesions of the dorsolateral striatum were impaired on the operant conditional discrimination task, but retained the ability to learn the conditioned place preference task. In contrast, animals with lesions of the dorsomedial striatum were not found to be impaired on either task used in the present experiment. These results suggest that the dorsolateral striatum is necessary for the successful acquisition of tasks that place a demand upon Stimulus-Response learning, while the dorsomedial striatum is not involved in this type of learning.
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context specific interference on reversal learning of a Stimulus Response habit
Behavioural Brain Research, 2001Co-Authors: Robert J Mcdonald, Amy L King, Nancy S HongAbstract:Learning occurs in a particular place and time. In most learning situations, information about the training context is encoded along with the task demands and solution. However, the extent to which context contributes to the acquisition and expression of a particular learned Response is unclear. In the present paper we examined two fundamental issues underlying the importance of context information and its role in expression of discrimination learning and reversal learning. Rats were trained on a Stimulus-Response (S-R) habit task designed for the eight-arm radial maze and after reaching a set criterion different context manipulations were performed. Results from Section 2.2.1 revealed that although rats detected a change in context, the learning was not context specific. Results from Section 2.2.2 showed that S-R reversal learning was enhanced when animals were reversed in a context that was different from the one used during original training. Animals that were reversed in a different context showed a renewal effect to the initial S-R when brought back to the original training context.
Robert W. Proctor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stimulus-Response and Response-Effect Compatibility With Touchless Gestures and Moving Action Effects:
Human Factors, 2019Co-Authors: Markus Janczyk, Aiping Xiong, Robert W. ProctorAbstract:Objective:To determine whether Response-effect (R-E) compatibility or Stimulus-Response (S-R) compatibility is more critical for touchless gesture Responses.Background:Content on displays can be mo...
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flowers and spiders in spatial Stimulus Response compatibility does affective valence influence selection of task sets or selection of Responses
Cognition & Emotion, 2018Co-Authors: Motonori Yamaguchi, Jing Chen, Scott Mishler, Robert W. ProctorAbstract:ABSTRACTThe present study examined the effect of Stimulus valence on two levels of selection in the cognitive system, selection of a task-set and selection of a Response. In the first experiment, participants performed a spatial compatibility task (pressing left and right keys according to the locations of stimuli) in which Stimulus-Response mappings were determined by Stimulus valence. There was a standard spatial Stimulus-Response compatibility (SRC) effect for positive stimuli (flowers) and a reversed SRC effect for negative stimuli (spiders), but the same data could be interpreted as showing faster Responses when positive and negative stimuli were assigned to compatible and incompatible mappings, respectively, than when the assignment was opposite. Experiment 2 disentangled these interpretations, showing that valence did not influence a spatial SRC effect (Simon effect) when task-set retrieval was unnecessary. Experiments 3 and 4 replaced keypress Responses with joystick deflections that afforded appr...
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does the concept of affordance add anything to explanations of Stimulus Response compatibility effects
Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 2014Co-Authors: Robert W. Proctor, James D MilesAbstract:Abstract The concept of affordance has been increasingly applied to Stimulus–Response compatibility effects over the past 25 years, for which most explanations have been from an information-processing perspective. We consider affordance accounts offered from the ecological perception approach associated with J. J. Gibson and from the information-processing approach (which we call representational affordance accounts). With regard to the latter, we discuss whether any value is gained by incorporating a concept from one worldview (ecological psychology) into explanations within another worldview (information processing). We discuss shortcomings of the representational affordance approach in general, including lack of clear justification and definition for the concept of affordance representation, and critically evaluate several lines of research that have been interpreted as support for specific affordances. We conclude that there is little evidence to justify application of the concept of affordance to laboratory studies of Stimulus–Response compatibility effects, either in its ecological form or when it is divorced from direct perception and instead paired with a representational/computational approach.
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Stimulus Response compatibility principles data theory and application
2006Co-Authors: Robert W. ProctorAbstract:Stimulus-Response COMPATIBILITY AND SELECTION OF ACTION: BASIC CONCEPTSIntroductionClassic StudiesTerminology and DistinctionsTechniques for Studying S-R CompatibilityModels for S-R Compatibility EffectsChapter SummaryFACTORS IN ADDITION TO S-R COMPATIBILITY THAT AFFECT Response-SELECTION EFFICIENCYIntroductionThe Speed-Accuracy TradeoffUncertainty and Number of AlternativesResponse-Precuing EffectsSequential EffectsInfluence of Practice on Set-Size Effects and Sequence LearningChapter SummaryBASIC Stimulus-Response COMPATIBILITY EFFECTSIntroductionSpatial Stimuli and ResponsesVerbal and Nonverbal S-R ModesOther Element-Level S-R Compatibility EffectsChapter SummaryCORRESPONDENCE OF IRRELEVANT Stimulus INFORMATION AND ResponseS: THE SIMON EFFECTIntroductionSpatial Stimuli and ResponsesSimon-Type Effects for Other Stimulus and Response DimensionsChapter SummaryS-R COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL Stimulus AND Response SETSIntroductionTwo-Dimensional Nonspatial Stimuli Mapped to Keypress ResponsesThe Right-Left Prevalence Effect for Two-Dimensional Spatial Stimuli and ResponsesSimon Effects for Two-Dimensional Spatial Stimuli and ResponsesStatic and Dynamic DimensionsJudgment and Decision-MakingChapter SummaryREVERSING THE SIMON EFFECT FOR IRRELEVANT LOCATIONIntroductionThe Hedge and Marsh ReversalManipulating Percentages of Corresponding and Noncorresponding TrialsEffects of Intermixed Location-Relevant MappingsTransfer from a Prior Spatial Mapping to the Simon TaskChapter SummaryCONSEQUENCES OF MIXED MAPPINGS AND TASKSIntroductionMixing Compatible and Incompatible Mappings in Spatial Choice TasksMixing Nonspatial S-R MappingsAccounts for Elimination of the S-R Compatibility Effect with Mixed MappingsMixing Location-Relevant and -Irrelevant Trials: The S-R Compatibility EffectAccounts for the Elimination of SRC Effects with Mixed Location-Relevant and -Irrelevant TrialsComparison of Mixed Mappings and Trial TypesA Negative Correspondence Effect for Masked StimuliChapter SummaryCOMPATIBILITY EFFECTS FOR ORTHOGONAL DIMENSIONSIntroductionUp-Right/Down-Left Mapping AdvantageInfluences of Hand, Hand Posture, and Response Eccentricity on Orthogonal S-R CompatibilityCorrespondence of Asymmetric Codes as a General Principle of Binary-Choice ReactionsTasks with More than Two AlternativesChapter SummaryPOPULATION STEREOTYPES FOR DIRECTION OF MOTION AND COLOR, WORD, AND PICTURE ASSOCIATIONSIntroductionLinear Display Indicators and their Relations to ControlsRotary Displays and their ControlsOther Population StereotypesChapter SummaryStimulus-Response COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS IN DUAL-TASK PERFORMANCEIntroductionThe PRP Effect and the Central Bottleneck ModelSimon Effects for Irrelevant Stimulus LocationConsistency of MappingsCrosstalk between TasksC
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Influences of multiple spatial Stimulus and Response codes on orthogonal Stimulus-Response compatibility.
Perception & Psychophysics, 2004Co-Authors: Yang Seok Cho, Robert W. ProctorAbstract:When up-down stimuli are mapped to left-right Responses, an up-right/down-left mapping advantage is found that is modified by Response eccentricity and hand posture. These effects can be attributed to correspondence of asymmetric Stimulus and Response codes formed relative to multiple reference frames. We examined the influence of Stimulus-set location on these orthogonal Stimulus-Response compatibility (SRC) effects. In Experiment 1, the Stimulus set appeared in the upper or lower display positions. A spatial code for Stimulus-set location was formed, producing Simon-type Response eccentricity and hand posture effects, but this code had no influence on the coding of the relevant stimuli. In Experiment 2, the Stimulus set appeared in the left, center, or right positions relative to the Response location, which also varied, to dissociate the effects of Response location, relative to the Stimulus display and body midline. The former factor influenced the orthogonal SRC effect for both unimanual switch movements and bimanual keypresses, and the latter factor influenced the effect for only unimanual switch movements. Stimulus-set location causes orthogonal Simon-type effects when varied along the Stimulus dimension and provides a referent for Response coding when varied along the Response dimension.
Aidan J Horner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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no effect of hippocampal lesions on Stimulus Response bindings
Neuropsychologia, 2017Co-Authors: Richard N Henson, Aidan J Horner, Andrea Greve, Elisa Cooper, Mariella Gregori, Jonathan Sam Simons, Sharon Erzinclioglu, Georgina Browne, Narinder KapurAbstract:The hippocampus is believed to be important for rapid learning of arbitrary Stimulus-Response contingencies, or S-R bindings. In support of this, Schnyer et al. (2006) (Experiment 2) measured priming of reaction times (RTs) to categorise visual objects, and found that patients with medial temporal lobe damage, unlike healthy controls, failed to show evidence of reduced priming when Response contingencies were reversed between initial and repeated categorisation of objects (a signature of S-R bindings). We ran a similar though extended object classification task on 6 patients who appear to have selective hippocampal lesions, together with 24 age-matched controls. Unlike Schnyer et al. (2006), we found that reversing Response contingencies abolished priming in both controls and patients. Bayes Factors provided no reason to believe that Response reversal had less effect on patients than controls. We therefore conclude that it is unlikely that the hippocampus is needed for S-R bindings.
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Stimulus Response bindings in priming
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Richard N Henson, Doris Eckstein, Florian Waszak, Christian Frings, Aidan J HornerAbstract:People can rapidly form arbitrary associations between stimuli and the Responses they make in the presence of those stimuli. Such Stimulus–Response (S–R) bindings, when retrieved, affect the way that people respond to the same, or related, stimuli. Only recently, however, has the flexibility and ubiquity of these S–R bindings been appreciated, particularly in the context of priming paradigms. This is important for the many cognitive theories that appeal to evidence from priming. It is also important for the control of action generally. An S–R binding is more than a gradually learned association between a specific Stimulus and a specific Response; instead, it captures the full, context-dependent behavioral potential of a Stimulus.
Jos J Adam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the additivity of Stimulus Response compatibility with perceptual and motor factors in a visual choice reaction time task
Acta Psychologica, 2000Co-Authors: Jos J AdamAbstract:One hundred and four participants performed a two-choice reaction time task requiring button-press Responses to visual stimuli. Two levels of Stimulus-Response compatibility were factorially combined with two levels of Stimulus discriminability and two levels of Response repertoire. Results showed that the effects of these three variables were additive both in terms of mean reaction time as in terms of reaction time variances. The implication of this outcome is discussed in terms of the underlying information processing stage structure.
Robert E Featherstone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lesions of the dorsolateral striatum impair the acquisition of a simplified Stimulus Response dependent conditional discrimination task
Neuroscience, 2005Co-Authors: Robert E Featherstone, Robert J McdonaldAbstract:The dorsal striatum has long been thought to be important for some types of learning and memory, especially Stimulus-Response learning. Recently, we demonstrated that selective lesions of the dorsolateral striatum, but not dorsomedial striatum in rats, retarded the acquisition of two instrumental discrimination tasks thought to require Stimulus-Response learning. However, since these studies investigated the effects of dorsal striatal lesions on task acquisition, which can be confounded by differences in level of reinforcement and motor impairment caused by the lesion, the interpretation of these findings was somewhat problematic. The present experiment was designed to address these issues by assessing the effects of lesions of the dorsolateral striatum on a simplified version of the conditional discrimination task, in which the importance of reinforcement and motor factors was minimized. Animals with lesions of the dorsolateral striatum showed marked impairments in learning this task, a finding that is in agreement with the notion that the dorsolateral striatum is necessary for Stimulus-Response learning.
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dorsal striatum and Stimulus Response learning lesions of the dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum impair acquisition of a Stimulus Response based instrumental discrimination task while sparing conditioned place preference learning
Neuroscience, 2004Co-Authors: Robert E Featherstone, Robert J McdonaldAbstract:While some evidence suggests that the dorsal striatum is important for Stimulus-Response learning, disagreement exists about the relative contribution of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum to this form of learning. In the present experiment, the effects of lesions of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum were investigated on two tasks that differentially require the development of Stimulus-Response learning. The first task utilized an operant conditional discrimination task, which is likely to rely heavily upon Stimulus-Response learning. The second task looked conditioned place preference learning, a task that is unlikely to require the development of Stimulus-Response associations. Animals with lesions of the dorsolateral striatum were impaired on the operant conditional discrimination task, but retained the ability to learn the conditioned place preference task. In contrast, animals with lesions of the dorsomedial striatum were not found to be impaired on either task used in the present experiment. These results suggest that the dorsolateral striatum is necessary for the successful acquisition of tasks that place a demand upon Stimulus-Response learning, while the dorsomedial striatum is not involved in this type of learning.
