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Aleksandra Głowacka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is Strip Cropping an Effective Way for Maize Biofortyfication
Journal of Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Aleksandra Głowacka, Bogdan Szostak, Renata Klebaniuk, Anna Kiełtyka-dadasiewiczAbstract:The aim of the study was to assess the impact of Strip Cropping on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in maize. A field experiment was conducted during 2008–2010 in South Poland. The two Cropping methods of maize were studied: sole Cropping and Strip Cropping with common bean and spring barley. Maize was harvested in two different cycle stages: for silage in milky-wax phase and for grain in full maturity phase. Strip Cropping significantly increased the accumulation of Mg and Ca by maize biomass and grain. However, the phosphorus content was higher only in maize grain. The row position in the Strip influenced the macronutrients content in maize biomass and in grain. The placement adjacent to the bean resulted in higher Ca and Mg content in maize biomass and in grain. The phosphorus content in maize grain was also significantly higher in neighbouring rows with common bean Strip. The least amounts of P and N were found in maize from the row adjacent to the barley Strip. The results obtained indicated that Strip Cropping of maize with appropriate plant species, especially pulses, that is, common bean, seems to be an effective way to biofortify maize grain with Ca, especially in regions where it is the staple food. Furthermore, this may mitigate the deficiency of Mg and Ca in maize forage.
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Uptake of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn by maize in the Strip Cropping system.
Plant Soil and Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Aleksandra GłowackaAbstract:A field experiment was conducted in 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamośc (50°42'N, 23°16'E), University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of Cropping method and weed control methods on the content of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in maize and on their uptake. Two Cropping methods were studied – sole Cropping and Strip Cropping (common bean, dent maize and spring barley in adjacent Strips) and two weed control methods – mechanical and chemical. Strip Cropping reduced Mn content in maize, did not significantly affect Zn content, and increased accumulation of Cu and Fe. The content and uptake of the elements by maize depended on the position of the row in the Strip and on the adjacent plant species. Placement next to beans resulted in higher Fe and Zn content, while placement next to barley increased Cu content. The highest Mn content was noted in maize from the centre row. In general, micronutrient uptake by maize was lowest in the middle row. These results indicate that Strip Cropping can be an effective agricultural practise for plant biofortification.
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The effects of Strip Cropping and weed control methods on yields of dent maize, narrow-leafed lupin and oats
International Journal of Plant Production, 2014Co-Authors: Aleksandra GłowackaAbstract:The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Strip Cropping and different weed control methods on the yield and yield structure of dent maize, narrow-leafed lupin and spring oat. A split-plot design with four replications was conducted in 2008-2010. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method – sole Cropping and Strip Cropping; II. Weed control method – mechanical and chemical. The method of cultivation was considered the main plot and the weed control methods were the sub-plot. Strip Cropping significantly increased the maize yield and the percentage share of ears in the total biomass. The seed yield of narrow-leafed lupin was significantly higher in Strip Cropping, but only where mechanical weed control was used. Strip Cropping significantly increased the plant density, seed number and weight per plant and 1,000 seed weight of lupin. Oat yield was slightly higher in the Strip Cropping than in the sole Cropping. Strip Cropping increased grain number and weight per panicle in the oat. The chemical weed control method was more favourable to the yield of maize, narrow-leaf lupin and oat than the mechanical weed control. The land equivalent ratio value (1.06) confirms that the maize/narrow-leafed lupin/oat Strip Cropping was more efficient than the sole Cropping.
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Changes in the uptake of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn by dent maize in blue lupin/spring oat Strip Cropping system.
Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2014Co-Authors: Aleksandra GłowackaAbstract:Strip Cropping is a form of interCropping used in both tropical and temperate climate zones. Maize is a species often grown in Strip Cropping, because it responds to the edge effect with a substantial increase in yield. In the experiment, Strip Cropping of maize with blue lupin and oat was compared to sole Cropping of maize in the conditions of mechanical and chemical weed control. A field experiment was conducted in 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station in Zamośc, University of Life Sciences in Lublin (50°42′ N, 23°6′ E). The study examined the effects of the Cropping method and weed control methods on the content of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in maize biomass and their uptake by maize. The impact of the position of the row in the Strip and of the adjacent plant species on the content and uptake of these micronutrients was analysed as well. Strip Cropping significantly increased Zn and Fe content in maize biomass, reduced Mn content, and did not significantly affect the accumulation of Cu. In the Strip Cropping, interspecific facilitation between neighbouring plant species was also observed. Placement adjacent to the oat Strip contributed to higher Cu content in the maize, while placement next to blue lupin increased the content of Fe and Zn. The highest Mn content was noted in maize grown in the centre row. The results indicate that appropriate selection of plant species for Strip Cropping can affect the chemical composition of the plants. This makes it possible to eliminate or mitigate mineral deficiencies in the plants.
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The influence of Strip Cropping and adjacent plant species on the content and uptake of N, P, K, Mg and Ca by maize (Zea mays L.).
Romanian Agricultural Research, 2014Co-Authors: Aleksandra GłowackaAbstract:Strip Cropping is a form of interCropping in which two or more crop species are grown in adjacent Strips. Maize is often grown in Strip Cropping because it strongly reacts to the edge effect with increased yield. A field experiment was conducted in the years 2008-2010 at the Experimental Station in Zamośc, University of Life Sciences in Lublin (50°42'N, 23°16'E). Two Cropping methods, sole Cropping and Strip Cropping (narrow-leafed lupin, dent maize and spring oats in adjacent Strips), and two weed control methods, mechanical and chemical, were compared. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the Cropping systems and weed control methods on content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium by maize. The impact of the position of the row in Strip Cropping and of the adjacent plant species on changes in nutrient content and uptake was also studied. Strip Cropping significantly increased potassium and calcium content in the maize, but decreased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium. In Strip Cropping, proximity to oats contributed to higher potassium content in the maize, while placement next to lupin led to greater accumulation of phosphorus and calcium. Uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium by the maize was higher in the border rows next to lupin. The results indicate that selection of different species for Strip Cropping can affect the chemical composition of the plant. This can be a cost-effective way to mitigate mineral shortages in crops.
J.l. Ruffini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Strip Cropping development of guidelines for the selection of Strip spacing
Agricultural Water Management, 1991Co-Authors: R J Smith, Nigel Hancock, J.l. RuffiniAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an analysis of flood flow through Strip Cropping, based on accepted hydraulic theory, for the purpose of determining Strip spacing. The free-surface hydraulics pertinent to flow through Cropping are reviewed and applied to Strip Cropping. The strop computer model, developed to calculate maximum Strip widths for particular soil types, land slopes, flood discharges and Strip Cropping layouts is described. The Strip width guidelines produced using this model are illustrated and discussed.
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Strip Cropping — development of guidelines for the selection of Strip spacing
Agricultural Water Management, 1991Co-Authors: Rod Smith, Nigel Hancock, J.l. RuffiniAbstract:Abstract This paper presents an analysis of flood flow through Strip Cropping, based on accepted hydraulic theory, for the purpose of determining Strip spacing. The free-surface hydraulics pertinent to flow through Cropping are reviewed and applied to Strip Cropping. The strop computer model, developed to calculate maximum Strip widths for particular soil types, land slopes, flood discharges and Strip Cropping layouts is described. The Strip width guidelines produced using this model are illustrated and discussed.
Erik Steen Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Annual maize and perennial grass-clover Strip Cropping for increased resource use efficiency and productivity using organic farming practice as a model
European Journal of Agronomy, 2013Co-Authors: Henrik Hauggaard-nielsen, Anders Johansen, Mette S Carter, Per Ambus, Erik Steen JensenAbstract:Abstract A Cropping system was designed to fulfill the increasing demand for biomass for food and energy without decreasing long term soil fertility. A field experiment was carried out including alternating Strips of annual maize ( Zea mays L.) and perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) – clover ( Trifolium repens + Trifolium pretense L.) mixture grown in the same field. In autumn an annual Strip was established with green-rye ( Secale cereale L.) after soil incorporation of a 1st year grass-clover a 6-m wide Strip followed by maize sowing in May. The perennial Strips were established without incorporating the same 1st year grass-clover in an equivalent 6-m wide Strip, resulting in an early competitive advantage for the perennial Strip toward the annual Strip. Throughout the growing season maize was never able to recovery from this and yields were reduced with around 50% when grown adjacent to grass-clover (0–50 cm) compared to with >50 cm distance. There was significantly greater clover content in the sward when grown with >150 cm distance to maize (30%) compared to the 0–25 cm distance (10%) indicating more available soil mineral N in the interface between the Strips related to a strong ability of the grass to compete for soil mineral N. Maize yields were clearly associated with N fertilizer application. When fertilizer N was applied through slurry or anaerobic digested slurry maize yields was increasing with up to 100% equivalent to 1200 g carbon (C) m −2 or 35 MJ m −2 . However, the same relative growth reduction was found when grown in close proximity to the grass-clover Strip. If slurry is available maize secures an efficient N uptake, however, long-term effects of maize Cropping and biomass removal on soil quality is of concern. The present Strip Cropping system did not possess the right balance of co-existence and complementarity with relative yield advantages for the whole crop cycle between 0.96 and 1.01. Thus, the total land area required under traditional Cropping attaining the yields achieved when dividing the field in Strips is the same. Greater complementarity between Strips is needed to gain the potential Strip Cropping advantages.
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Strip Cropping of alternating perennial grass clover and annual rye vetch intercrops when grown within an organic farming system
Field Crops Research, 2012Co-Authors: Henrik Hauggaardnielsen, Mette S Carter, Anders Johansen, Per Ambus, Erik Steen JensenAbstract:Abstract A field experiment was carried out including alternating perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)–clover (Trifolium repens + Trifolium pretense L.) pasture mix with annual winter rye (Secale cereale L.)–vetch (Vicia villosa L.) intercrops. The annuals were established after soil incorporation of a 1st-year grass–clover in a 6-m wide Strip as both inter- (IC) and sole crops (SC): (1) rye SC, (2) vetch SC and (3) rye–vetch IC. The perennial Strips were established without incorporating the 1st-year grass–clover in an equivalent 6-m wide Strip. This resulted in an early interspecific competitive advantage for the perennial Strip and especially limiting growth of the rye component. Relative clover proportion in the sward increased with increasing distance to the annual Strip indicating more available soil mineral N in the interface between the perennial and the annual Strip. Compensative growth of the grass–clover when grown in close proximity to the annual Strip was only partly counterbalancing the decreased total crop productivity in the rye–vetch intercrop. Across the whole growing season (September–August) approximately the same amount of biomass was produced when dividing the field into Strips (6 m × 6 m) as compared to growing the same area with the traditional single-field Cropping strategy. There was a greater total aboveground plant N uptake in sole cropped vetch and the rye–vetch intercrop compared to the rye sole crop due to vetch N2-fixation, but with severe vetch-growth depression when intercropped. The amount of vetch-N2 fixed was reduced with about 9 g N m−2 when intercropped as compared to the sole Cropping situation. Light interception by the annual crop when grown in close proximity to the grass–clover Strip was reduced due to the lower aboveground biomass yield and assumed belowground competitive interactions. Less soil water content below the perennial Strip indicated greater water uptake, than below the annual Strips. Unfortunately, the present Strip Cropping system did not possess the right balance of co-existence and complementarity. However, from a practical point of view the system was manageable indicating potentials to diversify agricultural fields and develop future Cropping systems which are more complex and thereby resilient to externalities.
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Strip Cropping of alternating perennial grass–clover and annual rye–vetch intercrops when grown within an organic farming system
Field Crops Research, 2012Co-Authors: Henrik Hauggaard-nielsen, Anders Johansen, Mette S Carter, Per Ambus, Erik Steen JensenAbstract:Abstract A field experiment was carried out including alternating perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)–clover (Trifolium repens + Trifolium pretense L.) pasture mix with annual winter rye (Secale cereale L.)–vetch (Vicia villosa L.) intercrops. The annuals were established after soil incorporation of a 1st-year grass–clover in a 6-m wide Strip as both inter- (IC) and sole crops (SC): (1) rye SC, (2) vetch SC and (3) rye–vetch IC. The perennial Strips were established without incorporating the 1st-year grass–clover in an equivalent 6-m wide Strip. This resulted in an early interspecific competitive advantage for the perennial Strip and especially limiting growth of the rye component. Relative clover proportion in the sward increased with increasing distance to the annual Strip indicating more available soil mineral N in the interface between the perennial and the annual Strip. Compensative growth of the grass–clover when grown in close proximity to the annual Strip was only partly counterbalancing the decreased total crop productivity in the rye–vetch intercrop. Across the whole growing season (September–August) approximately the same amount of biomass was produced when dividing the field into Strips (6 m × 6 m) as compared to growing the same area with the traditional single-field Cropping strategy. There was a greater total aboveground plant N uptake in sole cropped vetch and the rye–vetch intercrop compared to the rye sole crop due to vetch N2-fixation, but with severe vetch-growth depression when intercropped. The amount of vetch-N2 fixed was reduced with about 9 g N m−2 when intercropped as compared to the sole Cropping situation. Light interception by the annual crop when grown in close proximity to the grass–clover Strip was reduced due to the lower aboveground biomass yield and assumed belowground competitive interactions. Less soil water content below the perennial Strip indicated greater water uptake, than below the annual Strips. Unfortunately, the present Strip Cropping system did not possess the right balance of co-existence and complementarity. However, from a practical point of view the system was manageable indicating potentials to diversify agricultural fields and develop future Cropping systems which are more complex and thereby resilient to externalities.
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Annual maize and perennial grass-clover Strip Cropping to produce biomass for bioenergy – within an organic farming approach
2012Co-Authors: Henrik Hauggaard-nielsen, Anders Johansen, Mette S Carter, Per Ambus, Erik Steen JensenAbstract:A field experiment was carried out including alternating perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) – clover (Trifolium repens + Trifolium pretense L.) pasture mix with annual maize (Zea mays L.). Maize was established after soil incorporation of a 1st-year grass-clover in a 6-m wide Strip, whereas grass-clover was established without incorporating the 1st-year grass-clover in an equivalent 6-m wide Strip. This resulted in an early interspecific competitive advantage for the perennial Strip and when growing maize in close proximity to grass-clover total dry matter production was reduced with about 50% compared to >150 cm distance. However, it was partly compensated by greater yields by especially the 50-100 cm harvest. In contrast there was no significant difference in grass-clover yields according to distance to adjacent maize. Across years and harvest time there was less clover when grown in close proximity to maize (0-25 cm; 30%) compared to with > 25 cm distance (40%) indicating potential soil mineral interspecific competitive interactions. This was supported by a 50% maize soil N uptake reduction when grown in close proximity to grass-clover. Additional fertilizer application increased maize yields significantly averaging 1250 g DM m-2, with significant differences were found between the use of green manure (950 g DM m-2) and anaerobic digestate (1400 g DM m-2). The distance towards the grass-clover Strip was still influencing the maize yields significantly despite the additional plant available N in the order of 50-100 cm > 150 cm = 100-150 cm > 0-50 cm distance. At the final harvest maize aboveground biomass was equal to 250 g carbon (C) m-2 when grown in close proximity to grass-clover (0-50 cm) and increased to 500 g C m-2 grown with > 50 cm distance. During establishment there was an inner row (50-100 cm distance) effect of 26% compared to traditional maize Cropping which was not found at the later growth stages. The maize energy density was 17 megajoule (MJ) kg-1 independent of year, harvest time and distance to the grass-clover Strip, with no effect of additional N application either. The maize energy yield was 0.8, 13 and 18 MJ m-2 at establishment, the vegetative growth stage and ripening, respectively. When comparing the ”occupation” of land by the present maize Strip Cropping system as compared to the traditional maize and grass-clover single field Cropping during 1 full year the relative yield advantages was 0.96 and 1.01 in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Thus, the total land area required under traditional Cropping attaining the yields achieved when dividing the field in Strips are the same. It is concluded that the combination of maize with grass-clover does not possess the right level of co-existence and complementarity. To fulfill the society needs for increased used of biomass for bioenergy more emphasis on practices including rotational principles of dissimilar types of crops is required when developing Cropping systems for the future.
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annual maize and perennial grass clover Strip Cropping to produce biomass for bioenergy within an organic farming approach
2012Co-Authors: Henrik Hauggaardnielsen, Mette S Carter, Anders Johansen, Per Ambus, Erik Steen JensenAbstract:A field experiment was carried out including alternating perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) – clover (Trifolium repens + Trifolium pretense L.) pasture mix with annual maize (Zea mays L.). Maize was established after soil incorporation of a 1st-year grass-clover in a 6-m wide Strip, whereas grass-clover was established without incorporating the 1st-year grass-clover in an equivalent 6-m wide Strip. This resulted in an early interspecific competitive advantage for the perennial Strip and when growing maize in close proximity to grass-clover total dry matter production was reduced with about 50% compared to >150 cm distance. However, it was partly compensated by greater yields by especially the 50-100 cm harvest. In contrast there was no significant difference in grass-clover yields according to distance to adjacent maize. Across years and harvest time there was less clover when grown in close proximity to maize (0-25 cm; 30%) compared to with > 25 cm distance (40%) indicating potential soil mineral interspecific competitive interactions. This was supported by a 50% maize soil N uptake reduction when grown in close proximity to grass-clover. Additional fertilizer application increased maize yields significantly averaging 1250 g DM m-2, with significant differences were found between the use of green manure (950 g DM m-2) and anaerobic digestate (1400 g DM m-2). The distance towards the grass-clover Strip was still influencing the maize yields significantly despite the additional plant available N in the order of 50-100 cm > 150 cm = 100-150 cm > 0-50 cm distance. At the final harvest maize aboveground biomass was equal to 250 g carbon (C) m-2 when grown in close proximity to grass-clover (0-50 cm) and increased to 500 g C m-2 grown with > 50 cm distance. During establishment there was an inner row (50-100 cm distance) effect of 26% compared to traditional maize Cropping which was not found at the later growth stages. The maize energy density was 17 megajoule (MJ) kg-1 independent of year, harvest time and distance to the grass-clover Strip, with no effect of additional N application either. The maize energy yield was 0.8, 13 and 18 MJ m-2 at establishment, the vegetative growth stage and ripening, respectively. When comparing the ”occupation” of land by the present maize Strip Cropping system as compared to the traditional maize and grass-clover single field Cropping during 1 full year the relative yield advantages was 0.96 and 1.01 in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Thus, the total land area required under traditional Cropping attaining the yields achieved when dividing the field in Strips are the same. It is concluded that the combination of maize with grass-clover does not possess the right level of co-existence and complementarity. To fulfill the society needs for increased used of biomass for bioenergy more emphasis on practices including rotational principles of dissimilar types of crops is required when developing Cropping systems for the future.
Éric Lucas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of large Strip Cropping system (24 and 48 rows) on soybean aphid during four years in organic soybean
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2016Co-Authors: Geneviève Labrie, Bernard Estevez, Éric LucasAbstract:Abstract Strip Cropping could be used to deliver several eco-services, including reducing pest pressure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the management of a Strip Cropping system of soybean, wheat, corn and vetch on soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura, its natural enemies and on the harvest of soybean. Experimental set up of 18 m and 36 m Strips were installed in 2006 on an organic farm at Les Cedres, Quebec, Canada and compared with control plots of 180 m of soybean. Each plot was replicated two times on the farm and measured 1 km long. Observations of soybean aphid and natural enemies were carried out on 18 plants per replicate Strips and control plots during summer 2007–2010. Abundance of soybean aphid was reduced between 33 and 55% in Strips compared with the control plots during both high infestation years (2007 and 2009), while natural control (prey/predator ratio and parasitism rate) was more efficient in Strips in 2009 and 2010. Land equivalent ratio (LER), an indicator of yield production was higher in 18 m Strips than in control plots. Strip Cropping could be envisaged as an effective managing tool against soybean aphid in North America.
Le Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Strip Cropping wheat and alfalfa to improve the biological control of the wheat aphid Macrosiphum avenae by the mite Allothrombium ovatum
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2006Co-Authors: Shuguang Hao, Hui-yan Zhao, Le KangAbstract:Strip Cropping of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a mechanism for improving the effectiveness of biological control of the wheat aphid (Macrosiphum avenae) by the mite (Allothrombium ovatum) was studied from 2002 to 2004 in Luancheng County, Hebei Province, China. Results showed that the Strip Cropping of wheat and alfalfa significantly increased the egg and larval densities of A. ovatum and the percentage of M. avenae parasitized by larval mites compared with the monoculture of wheat. The mean number of mites per parasitized aphid was also significantly higher in Strip Cropping than in wheat monoculture. The percentage of parasitized aphids was shown as a negative and logarithmical function of the mean population growth rate of wheat aphid, however such a relationship was statistically significant only in the Strip Cropping plots. The higher incidence of parasitism on alate than on apterous aphids indicated that parasitism of alate aphids by A. ovatum play an important role in facilitating A. ovatum dispersal and limiting wheat aphid population increase.
