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Heinzjosef Koch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth and yield formation of sugar beet beta vulgaris l under Strip Tillage compared to full width Tillage on silt loam soil in central europe
European Journal of Agronomy, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel Laufer, Heinzjosef KochAbstract:Abstract On silt loam sites in Central Europe, autumn Strip Tillage (ST) might offer an option to produce high sugar beet yields at lower costs and improved erosion control compared to full width Tillage practices. Three field trials were conducted in 2013/14 and 2014/15 at Gottingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, to investigate the effect of three Tillage systems (intensive Tillage (IT), reduced Tillage (RT), ST) and two fertilizer nitrogen levels (no fertilizer nitrogen (N0), fertilizer nitrogen required for optimum yield (Nopt)) on sugar beet growth. Compared to IT and RT, field emergence period under ST was prolonged by 5-7 days, which was presumably caused by a coarse and uneven seedbed. In the early growth stage, chlorophyll present in the leaves (SPAD value) was higher for IT and RT compared to ST, indicating a lower nitrogen supply for ST, especially under N0. This was supported by a slightly higher nitrogen concentration in the plant dry matter and a higher soil mineral nitrogen content in spring under IT and RT compared to ST. Leaf area index of sugar beet was almost equal between IT and RT, while values for ST tended to be lower. As a result, plant dry matter yield and white sugar yield were approximately 7 % higher for IT and RT compared to ST. Plant nitrogen uptake revealed a similar pattern, thus, nitrogen use efficiency was not affected by Tillage systems. Penetration resistance and root length density in the top soil revealed no relation to the difference in yield. It was concluded that both, the prolonged field emergence period and the lower nitrogen supply under ST possibly impaired a rapid development of an adequate leaf canopy that facilitates efficient light interception and a high yield.
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growth and yield formation of sugar beet beta vulgaris l under Strip Tillage compared to full width Tillage on silt loam soil in central europe
European Journal of Agronomy, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel Laufer, Heinzjosef KochAbstract:Abstract On silt loam sites in Central Europe, autumn Strip Tillage (ST) might offer an option to produce high sugar beet yields at lower costs and improved erosion control compared to full width Tillage practices. Three field trials were conducted in 2013/14 and 2014/15 at Gottingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, to investigate the effect of three Tillage systems (intensive Tillage (IT), reduced Tillage (RT), ST) and two fertilizer nitrogen levels (no fertilizer nitrogen (N0), fertilizer nitrogen required for optimum yield (Nopt)) on sugar beet growth. Compared to IT and RT, field emergence period under ST was prolonged by 5-7 days, which was presumably caused by a coarse and uneven seedbed. In the early growth stage, chlorophyll present in the leaves (SPAD value) was higher for IT and RT compared to ST, indicating a lower nitrogen supply for ST, especially under N0. This was supported by a slightly higher nitrogen concentration in the plant dry matter and a higher soil mineral nitrogen content in spring under IT and RT compared to ST. Leaf area index of sugar beet was almost equal between IT and RT, while values for ST tended to be lower. As a result, plant dry matter yield and white sugar yield were approximately 7 % higher for IT and RT compared to ST. Plant nitrogen uptake revealed a similar pattern, thus, nitrogen use efficiency was not affected by Tillage systems. Penetration resistance and root length density in the top soil revealed no relation to the difference in yield. It was concluded that both, the prolonged field emergence period and the lower nitrogen supply under ST possibly impaired a rapid development of an adequate leaf canopy that facilitates efficient light interception and a high yield.
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soil erosion and surface runoff under Strip Tillage for sugar beet beta vulgaris l in central europe
Soil & Tillage Research, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel Laufer, Bernhard Loibl, Bernward Marlander, Heinzjosef KochAbstract:Abstract Soil erosion due to cultivation of row crops on soils with a high silt content can result in hazardous on-site and off-site damages. An effective and sustainable soil protection measure is to reduce the intensity of Tillage. On-farm trials were conducted to compare the effect of Strip Tillage (ST), full-width reduced Tillage (RT) and intensive Tillage (IT) systems on surface runoff and soil loss in sugar beet crops grown on four typical loess sites in hilly regions of southern Germany in 2014 and 2015. Heavy rainfall (24 mm 20 min −1 ) was simulated in the 4–6 leaf stage of sugar beet with a small portable nozzle rainfall simulator. Observed data were used to establish soil loss ratios for ST as part of the cropping and management factor of RUSLE. Compared to IT, surface runoff was 55% and 92% lower for RT and ST, respectively, caused by increased water infiltration presumably due to (i) higher earthworm activity and (ii) the absence of negative effects of reduced Tillage intensity on penetration resistance. Moreover, reducing Tillage intensity increased surface residue cover, initial water content and organic carbon content in the topsoil layer. Soil loss was 85% and 98% lower for RT and ST compared to IT, respectively, as a result of (i) decreased runoff rates, (ii) higher stability of aggregates against the impact of raindrops and (iii) reduced velocity of the runoff flow and thereby lower sediment concentrations. Based on residue cover, the soil loss ratio calculated for ST agreed well with values established for other Tillage systems. Overall, reducing Tillage intensity by Strip Tillage was proven to offer environmental benefits due to reduced surface runoff and soil loss. In addition, plant-available water likely increases through enhanced infiltration.
Mahdi Alkaisi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon and carbon dioxide emission in corn soybean rotations
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2005Co-Authors: Mahdi AlkaisiAbstract:Soil C change and CO 2 emission due to different Tillage systems need to be evaluated to encourage the adoption of conservation practices to sustain soil productivity and protect the environment. We hypothesize that soil C storage and CO 2 emission respond to conservation Tillage differently from conventional Tillage because of their differential effects on soil properties. This study was conducted from 1998 through 2001 to evaluate Tillage effects on soil C storage and CO 2 emission in Clarion-Nicollet-Webster soil association in a corn [Zea mays L.]-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in Iowa. Treatments included no-Tillage with and without residue, Strip-Tillage, deep rip, chisel plow, and moldboard plow. No-Tillage with residue and Strip-Tillage significantly increased total soil organic C (TC) and mineral fraction C (MFC) at the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm soil depths compared with chisel plow after 3 yr of Tillage practices. Soil CO 2 emission was lower for less intensive Tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow, with the greatest differences occurring immediately after Tillage operations. Cumulative soil CO 2 emission was 19 to 41% lower for less intensive Tillage treatments than moldboard plow, and it was 24% less for no-Tillage with residue than without residue during the 480-h measurement period. Estimated soil mineralizable C pool was reduced by 22 to 66% with less intensive Tillage treatments compared with moldboard plow. Adopting less intensive Tillage systems such as no-Tillage, Strip-Tillage, deep rip, and chisel plow and better crop residue cover are effective in reducing CO 2 emission and thus improving soil C sequestration in a corn-soybean rotation.
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Strip Tillage effect on seedbed soil temperature and other soil physical properties
Soil & Tillage Research, 2005Co-Authors: Mark A. Licht, Mahdi AlkaisiAbstract:The no-Tillage system is perceived as having lower soil temperatures, wetter soil conditions, and greater surface penetration resistance compared with conventional and other conservation Tillage systems. Concerns associated with the effect of the no-Tillage system on certain soil physical properties (i.e. soil temperature, moisture, and compaction) prompted this study to evaluate the effect of an alternative Tillage system, Strip-Tillage, on these physical properties, compared with chisel plow and no-Tillage systems. The study was conducted on two Iowa State University research and demonstration farms in 2001 and 2002. One site was at the Marsden Farm near Ames, where the soils were Nicollet loam (Aquic Hapludolls) and Webster silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquolls). The second site was at the Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm near Nashua, where the soils were Kenyon loam (Typic Hapludolls) and Floyd loam (Aquic Hapludolls). Soil temperature increased in the top 5 cm under Strip-Tillage (1.2–1.4 ◦ C) over no-Tillage and it remained close to the chisel plow soil temperature. This increase in soil temperature contributed to an improvement in plant emergence rate index (ERI) under Strip-Tillage compared with no-Tillage. The results show no significant differences in soil moisture status between the three Tillage systems, although the Strip-Tillage soil profile has slightly greater moisture content than chisel plow. Moisture content through the soil profile particularly at the lower depths under all Tillage treatments was greater than the plant available water (PAW). However, the changes in soil moisture storage were much greater with Strip-Tillage and chisel plow than no-Tillage from post-emergence to preharvest at 0–30 and 0–120 cm. It was observed also that most change in soil moisture storage occurred between post-emergence and tasseling. Penetration resistance was similar for both Strip-Tillage and no-Tillage, but commonly greater than chisel plow. In general, the findings show that Strip-Tillage can contribute effectively to improve plant emergence, similar to chisel plowing and conserve soil moisture effectively compared with no-Tillage. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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effect of Strip Tillage on corn nitrogen uptake and residual soil nitrate accumulation compared with no Tillage and chisel plow
Agronomy Journal, 2004Co-Authors: Mahdi Alkaisi, Mark A. LichtAbstract:Tillage and N management systems can have a significant effect on N use by corn (Zea mays L.) and nitrate (NO 3 -N) movement through the soil profile. Potential water quality and NO 3 -N loss problems associated with conventional Tillage and fall-applied N have prompted this study. The objective is to evaluate Strip Tillage effect on corn N uptake and NO 3 -N movement through the soil profile compared with chisel plow and no-Tillage systems. The three Tillage systems implemented in this study were Strip Tillage, no-Tillage, and chisel plow along with two N application timings (fall and spring) of 170 kg N ha -1 for corn in a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation on two Iowa fields in 2001 and 2002. The three Tillage systems were implemented every year for both crops (corn and soybean). Crop response, N uptake, and other soil NON measurements were conducted on a randomized complete block design experiment. Grain yields and grain N uptake showed no significant improvement under Strip Tillage compared with no-Tillage or chisel plow systems. Tillage and N treatments caused no significant differences in NO 3 -N accumulation at the lower depths of the root zone (1.2 m). Strip Tillage and no-Tillage resulted in lower residual soil NO 3 -N buildup than chisel plow in the 0- to 1.2-m soil profile after 2 yr of Tillage implementation. Tillage and N treatments did not cause significant differences in NO 3 -N concentration in water leachate collected at the 1.2-m depth.
Daniel Laufer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth and yield formation of sugar beet beta vulgaris l under Strip Tillage compared to full width Tillage on silt loam soil in central europe
European Journal of Agronomy, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel Laufer, Heinzjosef KochAbstract:Abstract On silt loam sites in Central Europe, autumn Strip Tillage (ST) might offer an option to produce high sugar beet yields at lower costs and improved erosion control compared to full width Tillage practices. Three field trials were conducted in 2013/14 and 2014/15 at Gottingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, to investigate the effect of three Tillage systems (intensive Tillage (IT), reduced Tillage (RT), ST) and two fertilizer nitrogen levels (no fertilizer nitrogen (N0), fertilizer nitrogen required for optimum yield (Nopt)) on sugar beet growth. Compared to IT and RT, field emergence period under ST was prolonged by 5-7 days, which was presumably caused by a coarse and uneven seedbed. In the early growth stage, chlorophyll present in the leaves (SPAD value) was higher for IT and RT compared to ST, indicating a lower nitrogen supply for ST, especially under N0. This was supported by a slightly higher nitrogen concentration in the plant dry matter and a higher soil mineral nitrogen content in spring under IT and RT compared to ST. Leaf area index of sugar beet was almost equal between IT and RT, while values for ST tended to be lower. As a result, plant dry matter yield and white sugar yield were approximately 7 % higher for IT and RT compared to ST. Plant nitrogen uptake revealed a similar pattern, thus, nitrogen use efficiency was not affected by Tillage systems. Penetration resistance and root length density in the top soil revealed no relation to the difference in yield. It was concluded that both, the prolonged field emergence period and the lower nitrogen supply under ST possibly impaired a rapid development of an adequate leaf canopy that facilitates efficient light interception and a high yield.
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growth and yield formation of sugar beet beta vulgaris l under Strip Tillage compared to full width Tillage on silt loam soil in central europe
European Journal of Agronomy, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel Laufer, Heinzjosef KochAbstract:Abstract On silt loam sites in Central Europe, autumn Strip Tillage (ST) might offer an option to produce high sugar beet yields at lower costs and improved erosion control compared to full width Tillage practices. Three field trials were conducted in 2013/14 and 2014/15 at Gottingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, to investigate the effect of three Tillage systems (intensive Tillage (IT), reduced Tillage (RT), ST) and two fertilizer nitrogen levels (no fertilizer nitrogen (N0), fertilizer nitrogen required for optimum yield (Nopt)) on sugar beet growth. Compared to IT and RT, field emergence period under ST was prolonged by 5-7 days, which was presumably caused by a coarse and uneven seedbed. In the early growth stage, chlorophyll present in the leaves (SPAD value) was higher for IT and RT compared to ST, indicating a lower nitrogen supply for ST, especially under N0. This was supported by a slightly higher nitrogen concentration in the plant dry matter and a higher soil mineral nitrogen content in spring under IT and RT compared to ST. Leaf area index of sugar beet was almost equal between IT and RT, while values for ST tended to be lower. As a result, plant dry matter yield and white sugar yield were approximately 7 % higher for IT and RT compared to ST. Plant nitrogen uptake revealed a similar pattern, thus, nitrogen use efficiency was not affected by Tillage systems. Penetration resistance and root length density in the top soil revealed no relation to the difference in yield. It was concluded that both, the prolonged field emergence period and the lower nitrogen supply under ST possibly impaired a rapid development of an adequate leaf canopy that facilitates efficient light interception and a high yield.
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soil erosion and surface runoff under Strip Tillage for sugar beet beta vulgaris l in central europe
Soil & Tillage Research, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel Laufer, Bernhard Loibl, Bernward Marlander, Heinzjosef KochAbstract:Abstract Soil erosion due to cultivation of row crops on soils with a high silt content can result in hazardous on-site and off-site damages. An effective and sustainable soil protection measure is to reduce the intensity of Tillage. On-farm trials were conducted to compare the effect of Strip Tillage (ST), full-width reduced Tillage (RT) and intensive Tillage (IT) systems on surface runoff and soil loss in sugar beet crops grown on four typical loess sites in hilly regions of southern Germany in 2014 and 2015. Heavy rainfall (24 mm 20 min −1 ) was simulated in the 4–6 leaf stage of sugar beet with a small portable nozzle rainfall simulator. Observed data were used to establish soil loss ratios for ST as part of the cropping and management factor of RUSLE. Compared to IT, surface runoff was 55% and 92% lower for RT and ST, respectively, caused by increased water infiltration presumably due to (i) higher earthworm activity and (ii) the absence of negative effects of reduced Tillage intensity on penetration resistance. Moreover, reducing Tillage intensity increased surface residue cover, initial water content and organic carbon content in the topsoil layer. Soil loss was 85% and 98% lower for RT and ST compared to IT, respectively, as a result of (i) decreased runoff rates, (ii) higher stability of aggregates against the impact of raindrops and (iii) reduced velocity of the runoff flow and thereby lower sediment concentrations. Based on residue cover, the soil loss ratio calculated for ST agreed well with values established for other Tillage systems. Overall, reducing Tillage intensity by Strip Tillage was proven to offer environmental benefits due to reduced surface runoff and soil loss. In addition, plant-available water likely increases through enhanced infiltration.
Zita Kriaučiūnienė - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of row cleaner operational settings on crop residue translocation in Strip Tillage
Agronomy, 2019Co-Authors: Kristina Lekavičienė, Egidijus Šarauskis, Vilma Naujokienė, Zita KriaučiūnienėAbstract:Through field experiments and empirical analysis methods, this study determined the dependence of plant residue removal on the row cleaner’s settings in Strip-Tillage. The main research object of this study is row cleaners. By changing the slip angles (10, 15, and 22.5°), the gap between row cleaner discs in parallel (165, 180, and 195 mm), and the driving speed (1.3, 1.9, 2.5, and 3.1 m s−1), we determined what percentage of wheat residue was removed from the Strip on the surface of the soil and what distance it was moved. The percentage of removed plant residue was determined by evaluating the differences between the masses of the plant residue taken from non-removed and removed Strips. Empirical analysis of the results of the field experiments showed that both the amount of the removed plant residue and the distance it is moved to were the best when the slip angle was 15°, the gap between the discs of row cleaner was 180 mm, and the driving speed was 2.5 m s−1. With these parameters, up to three-quarters of the plant residue was removed from the soil surface of the Strip, which was relocated 308 mm from the middle of the Strip. If the slip angle and the driving speed are increased further, even more plant residue can be removed; however, if the plant residue is relocated too far away, it may fall into the zone of the adjacent Strip.
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The effect of the Strip Tillage machine parameters on the traction force, diesel consumption and CO2 emissions
Soil and Tillage Research, 2019Co-Authors: Kristina Lekavičienė, Egidijus Šarauskis, Vilma Naujokienė, Sidona Buragienė, Zita KriaučiūnienėAbstract:Abstract Strip Tillage has become increasingly more popular owing to the reduced direct impact of the soil Tillage machines. Depending on the crops cultivated and Strip widths, only a part of the soil is disturbed therefore the impact on soil is reduced. Strip Tillage has a positive impact on soil protection and recycle of energy. Furthermore, the use of energy is influenced by the design and the operation of the Strip Tillage equipment. Through field investigations and empirical analyses this study allowed determining the influence of the parameters of the row cleaners and the hoe coulters – two elements of Strip Tillage equipment – on traction force and diesel consumption. Field experiments were carried out on soil after the harvest of spring wheat. By changing rake angle (10°, 15°, and 22.5°), depth of hoe coulter penetration (0, 100, and 200 mm), and working speed (1.3, 1.9, and 2.5 m s−1), traction force and diesel consumption were determined. Results of the field experiments and empirical analyses showed that an increase in rake angle between the row cleaner discs had no significant effect on CO2 emissions and diesel consumption while increase of driving speed and penetration depth of hoe coulter significantly influenced diesel consumption and tractor’s CO2 emissions.
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fuel consumption and co2 emission analysis in different Strip Tillage scenarios
Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Egidijus Šarauskis, Kristina Vaitauskienė, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Algirdas Jasinskas, Vidmantas Butkus, Zita KriaučiūnienėAbstract:Abstract The objective of this work was to assess the influence of the row cleaner attack angle, the gap between discs, the working depth of a narrow tine and the Strip Tillage machine's working speed on tractor fuel consumption and on greenhouse effect-related CO2 gas emissions into the environment. This research was carried out by changing the row cleaner disc attack angle from 10.0° to 22.5°, the gap between discs from 105 to 135 mm, the working depth from 0 to 200 mm, and the working speed from 1.4 to 3.1 m s−1 in 44 different scenarios. The working speed of the Strip Tillage machine and the working depth of the narrow tine had the greatest influence on the hourly fuel consumption. The results indicate that increasing the working depth from 0 to 200 mm increases the hourly tractor fuel consumption from 10.3 to 24.3% depending on the working speed. An analysis of the experimental scenarios indicates that the lowest fuel consumption and CO2 emissions per hectare were achieved at a working speed of 2.5 m s−1. The greenhouse effect-related CO2 gas emissions were highest in scenarios with a working speed of 1.4 m s−1. CO2 emissions from tractors increased approximately 20% on average with a working depth increase from 0 to 200 mm. The attack angle of row cleaner discs 10.0°, gap between row cleaner discs 105 mm, working speed 2.5 m s−1, Strip width 135 mm were the most optimal parameters for lowest fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from tractor not depending on the working depth of narrow tine.
Dana Sullivan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thrips thysanoptera thripidae mitigation in seedling cotton using Strip Tillage and winter cover crops
Pest Management Science, 2010Co-Authors: Michael D Toews, Dylan Q Wann, Shane R Tubbs, Dana SullivanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Thrips are the most consistent insect pests of seedling cotton in the southeastern United States, where symptoms can range from leaf curling to stand loss. In a 2 year study, thrips adults and immatures were sampled at 14, 21 and 28 days after planting on cotton planted with a thiamethoxam seed treatment in concert with crimson clover, wheat or rye winter cover crops and conventional or Strip Tillage to investigate potential differences in thrips infestations. RESULTS: Densities of adult thrips, primarily Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), peaked on the first sampling date, whereas immature densities peaked on the second sampling date. Regardless of winter cover crop, plots that received Strip Tillage experienced significantly fewer thrips at each sampling interval. In addition, assessment of percentage ground cover 42 days after planting showed that there was more than twice as much ground cover in the Strip-tilled plots compared with conventionally tilled plots. Correlation analyses showed that increased ground cover was inversely related to thrips densities that occurred on all three sampling dates in 2008 and the final sampling date in 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Growers who utilize Strip Tillage and a winter cover crop can utilize seed treatments for mitigation of early-season thrips infestation.
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thrips thysanoptera thripidae mitigation in seedling cotton using Strip Tillage and winter cover crops
Pest Management Science, 2010Co-Authors: Michael D Toews, Dylan Q Wann, Shane R Tubbs, Dana SullivanAbstract:BACKGROUND: Thrips are the most consistent insect pests of seedling cotton in the southeastern United States, where symptoms can range from leaf curling to stand loss. In a 2 year study, thrips adults and immatures were sampled at 14, 21 and 28 days after planting on cotton planted with a thiamethoxam seed treatment in concert with crimson clover, wheat or rye winter cover crops and conventional or Strip Tillage to investigate potential differences in thrips infestations. RESULTS: Densities of adult thrips, primarily Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), peaked on the first sampling date, whereas immature densities peaked on the second sampling date. Regardless of winter cover crop, plots that received Strip Tillage experienced significantly fewer thrips at each sampling interval. In addition, assessment of percentage ground cover 42 days after planting showed that there was more than twice as much ground cover in the Strip-tilled plots compared with conventionally tilled plots. Correlation analyses showed that increased ground cover was inversely related to thrips densities that occurred on all three sampling dates in 2008 and the final sampling date in 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Growers who utilize Strip Tillage and a winter cover crop can utilize seed treatments for mitigation of early-season thrips infestation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
