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Sharon C. Tolliver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Further indication of lowered activity of ivermectin on immature small strongyles in the intestinal lumen of horses on a farm in Central Kentucky
Parasitology Research, 2013Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Sharon C. TolliverAbstract:Critical tests were performed in 2011 in four weanling horses (L-1, L-2, L-29, and L-30) treated with ivermectin paste at 200 μg/kg. They were born in 2011 and raised together on a farm (MC) in Central Kentucky. The horses had not been treated previously with an antiparasitic drug. However, ivermectin had been administered repeatedly to the horse herd for several years and strongyle eggs per gram of feces (EPGs) returned sooner posttreatment than after initial usage. Critical tests in a recent previous study in this horse herd indicated that the reason for the early return of strongyle EPGs after ivermectin treatment probably was because of lowered drug activity on immature (L_4) small strongyles in the lumen of the large intestine. Therefore, the life cycle was shortened. The main purpose of the present study was to obtain further data on the activity of ivermectin on small strongyle immature stages, in addition to adults, in the intestinal lumen. Twelve species of small strongyles were present. Combined data for immature and adult small strongyles for the four ivermectin-treated horses demonstrated efficacy of 68 to 83 %. Removal of adults was 100 % for all four horses, and on immatures, it ranged from 0 to 16 %. Efficacy on immature small strongyles was even lower than in the previous study. This supported the earlier finding of apparent reduced time for maturation of the parasites because of incomplete elimination of immature small strongyles in the intestinal lumen of horses after ivermectin treatment. Data on five other helminth species were recorded.
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Fecundity of various species of strongylids (Nematoda: Strongylidae)—parasites of domestic horses
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: T A Kuzmina, E T Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, I I Dzeverin, V A KharchenkoAbstract:The aims of the study were to determine fecundity of several strongylid species parasitizing domestic horses and analyze possible relations between numbers of eggs in female uteri and size of both the eggs and the nematodes as well as the influence of fecundity on proportion of species in the strongylid community. Twenty-five specimens from each of 15 strongylid species ( Strongylus vulgaris , Strongylus edentatus , Triodontophorus serratus , Triodontophorus brevicauda , Triodontophorus tenuicollis , Cyathostomum catinatum , Coronocyclus coronatus , Cylicocyclus nassatus , Cylicocyclus insigne , Cylicocyclus leptostomus , Cylicostephanus calicatus , Cylicostephanus goldi , Cylicostephanus longibursatus , Cylicostephanus minutus , and Poteriostomum imparidentatum ) collected after necropsy were studied. The reproductive system was extracted from the female body; all eggs were removed, counted, and measured under a light microscope. Significant differences in number of eggs in female uteri of various strongylid species were observed (Kruskal–Wallis test, p
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Critical tests evaluating efficacy of moxidectin against small strongyles in horses from a herd for which reduced activity had been found in field tests in Central Kentucky
Parasitology Research, 2010Co-Authors: Eugene T. Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Sandra S. CollinsAbstract:Critical tests were performed in 2009 and 2010 in four 2-year-old horses naturally infected with internal parasites. The horses were from a herd (Farm MC) where reduced activity of ivermectin and moxidectin on small strongyles was demonstrated previously from EPG (eggs/gram of feces) data in field tests. Also, in critical tests in horses from the same herd, ivermectin was less effective on immature small strongyles in the lumen of the large intestine than when the drug was first marketed. The main interest in the present critical tests was to determine the efficacy of moxidectin (400 μg/kg) on small strongyles. This was done to try and find indications of why there has been a return of strongyle EPG counts sooner after treatment in field tests than when moxidectin was first commercially available. Removal of adult small strongyles for the four treated horses was >99% to 100%. Efficacy on immature (L_4) small strongyles was 82%, 96%, 98%, and >99% for the individual horses. Identification of small strongyles recovered from two of the horses revealed that three genera and 11 species were present. Specimens of Cylicocyclus ashworthi are reported for the first time in horses in Kentucky although eggs of this species have been identified. Moxidectin, in the present study, was excellent on removing adult small strongyles but was less effective on immatures (L_4) in the intestinal contents. The question as to why moxidectin efficacy on small strongyles has declined in field tests may have been answered at least to a certain extent. It seems that a significant factor is “quick development” of a few remaining immatures in the gut lumen of horses. Also, possible activity may have decreased on encysted stages in the large intestinal lining. In any event, after treatment of some horses with moxidectin, the life cycle of small strongyles is shorter now than at the onset of usage of this compound.
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Critical tests evaluating efficacy of moxidectin against small strongyles in horses from a herd for which reduced activity had been found in field tests in Central Kentucky
Parasitology Research, 2010Co-Authors: Eugene T. Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Sandra S. CollinsAbstract:Critical tests were performed in 2009 and 2010 in four 2-year-old horses naturally infected with internal parasites. The horses were from a herd (Farm MC) where reduced activity of ivermectin and moxidectin on small strongyles was demonstrated previously from EPG (eggs/gram of feces) data in field tests. Also, in critical tests in horses from the same herd, ivermectin was less effective on immature small strongyles in the lumen of the large intestine than when the drug was first marketed. The main interest in the present critical tests was to determine the efficacy of moxidectin (400 μg/kg) on small strongyles. This was done to try and find indications of why there has been a return of strongyle EPG counts sooner after treatment in field tests than when moxidectin was first commercially available. Removal of adult small strongyles for the four treated horses was >99% to 100%. Efficacy on immature (L_4) small strongyles was 82%, 96%, 98%, and >99% for the individual horses. Identification of small strongyles recovered from two of the horses revealed that three genera and 11 species were present. Specimens of Cylicocyclus ashworthi are reported for the first time in horses in Kentucky although eggs of this species have been identified. Moxidectin, in the present study, was excellent on removing adult small strongyles but was less effective on immatures (L_4) in the intestinal contents. The question as to why moxidectin efficacy on small strongyles has declined in field tests may have been answered at least to a certain extent. It seems that a significant factor is “quick development” of a few remaining immatures in the gut lumen of horses. Also, possible activity may have decreased on encysted stages in the large intestinal lining. In any event, after treatment of some horses with moxidectin, the life cycle of small strongyles is shorter now than at the onset of usage of this compound.
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Use of a reverse line blot assay to survey small strongyle (Strongylida: Cyathostominae) populations in horses before and after treatment with ivermectin.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Mariana Ionita, Eugene T. Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, Daniel K. Howe, Ray M. Kaplan, Ioan Liviu Mitrea, Michelle R. YearganAbstract:A sensitive and specific PCR hybridization assay was applied for species-specific monitoring of the small strongyle (Strongylida: Cyathostominae) populations in horses in a herd before and after treatment with the anthelmintic drug ivermectin. Fecal samples were collected pre- and post-treatment weekly from eight individual horses (four foals and four yearlings) for 6 weeks to determine counts of strongyle eggs per gram of feces (EPGs). Additionally, one foal and one yearling were nontreated controls. Also, one horse, from another herd known to be infected with Strongylus spp., was a positive control for these parasites. Genomic DNA was obtained from eggs in groups of approximately 6000-7000 eggs except for two samples containing low EPGs in which 450 eggs were used. Amplification of the intergenic spacers (IGSs) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of small and large strongyles followed by reverse line blot (RLB) assay were performed to identify the presence of the 12 most common equine small strongyle species and to discriminate them from Strongylus spp. Overall, 11 small strongyle species were identified in pretreatment samples. In the samples collected at 4 weeks after ivermectin treatment, eight small strongyle species were identified and four of them were predominant (Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus calicatus and Cylicostephanus minutus). At 5 and 6 weeks post-treatment, the RLB assay analysis showed almost the same composition in the small strongyle population as before treatment. Strongylus spp. were identified only in samples collected from the positive control horse for these parasites. These data confirm the ability of the PCR-RLB technique for simultaneous species-specific differentiation of equine strongyle eggs, indicating a valuable way of furthering drug-resistance studies.
Eugene T. Lyons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SvSXP: a Strongylus vulgaris antigen with potential for prepatent diagnosis
Parasites & vectors, 2013Co-Authors: U.v. Andersen, Eugene T. Lyons, Jesper Monrad, Daniel K. Howe, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Nils Toft, Craig R. Reinemeyer, S.n. Olsen, Peter Nejsum, Martin K. NielsenAbstract:Background Strongyle parasites are ubiquitous in grazing horses. Strongylus vulgaris, the most pathogenic of the large strongyles, is known for its extensive migration in the mesenteric arterial system. The lifecycle of S. vulgaris is characterised by a long prepatent period where the migrating larvae are virtually undetectable as there currently is no test available for diagnosing prepatent S. vulgaris infection. Presence of S. vulgaris larvae in the arterial system causes endarteritis and thrombosis with a risk of non-strangulating intestinal infarctions. Emergence of anthelmintic resistance among cyathostomins has led to recommendations of reduced treatment intensity by targeting horses that exceed a predetermined strongyle faecal egg count threshold. One study suggests an apparent increase in prevalence of S. vulgaris on farms where reduced anthelmintic treatment intensity has been implemented. These issues highlight the need for an accurate and reliable assay for diagnosing prepatent S. vulgaris infection.
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Critical tests evaluating efficacy of moxidectin against small strongyles in horses from a herd for which reduced activity had been found in field tests in Central Kentucky
Parasitology Research, 2010Co-Authors: Eugene T. Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Sandra S. CollinsAbstract:Critical tests were performed in 2009 and 2010 in four 2-year-old horses naturally infected with internal parasites. The horses were from a herd (Farm MC) where reduced activity of ivermectin and moxidectin on small strongyles was demonstrated previously from EPG (eggs/gram of feces) data in field tests. Also, in critical tests in horses from the same herd, ivermectin was less effective on immature small strongyles in the lumen of the large intestine than when the drug was first marketed. The main interest in the present critical tests was to determine the efficacy of moxidectin (400 μg/kg) on small strongyles. This was done to try and find indications of why there has been a return of strongyle EPG counts sooner after treatment in field tests than when moxidectin was first commercially available. Removal of adult small strongyles for the four treated horses was >99% to 100%. Efficacy on immature (L_4) small strongyles was 82%, 96%, 98%, and >99% for the individual horses. Identification of small strongyles recovered from two of the horses revealed that three genera and 11 species were present. Specimens of Cylicocyclus ashworthi are reported for the first time in horses in Kentucky although eggs of this species have been identified. Moxidectin, in the present study, was excellent on removing adult small strongyles but was less effective on immatures (L_4) in the intestinal contents. The question as to why moxidectin efficacy on small strongyles has declined in field tests may have been answered at least to a certain extent. It seems that a significant factor is “quick development” of a few remaining immatures in the gut lumen of horses. Also, possible activity may have decreased on encysted stages in the large intestinal lining. In any event, after treatment of some horses with moxidectin, the life cycle of small strongyles is shorter now than at the onset of usage of this compound.
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Critical tests evaluating efficacy of moxidectin against small strongyles in horses from a herd for which reduced activity had been found in field tests in Central Kentucky
Parasitology Research, 2010Co-Authors: Eugene T. Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, Tetiana A. Kuzmina, Sandra S. CollinsAbstract:Critical tests were performed in 2009 and 2010 in four 2-year-old horses naturally infected with internal parasites. The horses were from a herd (Farm MC) where reduced activity of ivermectin and moxidectin on small strongyles was demonstrated previously from EPG (eggs/gram of feces) data in field tests. Also, in critical tests in horses from the same herd, ivermectin was less effective on immature small strongyles in the lumen of the large intestine than when the drug was first marketed. The main interest in the present critical tests was to determine the efficacy of moxidectin (400 μg/kg) on small strongyles. This was done to try and find indications of why there has been a return of strongyle EPG counts sooner after treatment in field tests than when moxidectin was first commercially available. Removal of adult small strongyles for the four treated horses was >99% to 100%. Efficacy on immature (L_4) small strongyles was 82%, 96%, 98%, and >99% for the individual horses. Identification of small strongyles recovered from two of the horses revealed that three genera and 11 species were present. Specimens of Cylicocyclus ashworthi are reported for the first time in horses in Kentucky although eggs of this species have been identified. Moxidectin, in the present study, was excellent on removing adult small strongyles but was less effective on immatures (L_4) in the intestinal contents. The question as to why moxidectin efficacy on small strongyles has declined in field tests may have been answered at least to a certain extent. It seems that a significant factor is “quick development” of a few remaining immatures in the gut lumen of horses. Also, possible activity may have decreased on encysted stages in the large intestinal lining. In any event, after treatment of some horses with moxidectin, the life cycle of small strongyles is shorter now than at the onset of usage of this compound.
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Use of a reverse line blot assay to survey small strongyle (Strongylida: Cyathostominae) populations in horses before and after treatment with ivermectin.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Mariana Ionita, Eugene T. Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, Daniel K. Howe, Ray M. Kaplan, Ioan Liviu Mitrea, Michelle R. YearganAbstract:A sensitive and specific PCR hybridization assay was applied for species-specific monitoring of the small strongyle (Strongylida: Cyathostominae) populations in horses in a herd before and after treatment with the anthelmintic drug ivermectin. Fecal samples were collected pre- and post-treatment weekly from eight individual horses (four foals and four yearlings) for 6 weeks to determine counts of strongyle eggs per gram of feces (EPGs). Additionally, one foal and one yearling were nontreated controls. Also, one horse, from another herd known to be infected with Strongylus spp., was a positive control for these parasites. Genomic DNA was obtained from eggs in groups of approximately 6000-7000 eggs except for two samples containing low EPGs in which 450 eggs were used. Amplification of the intergenic spacers (IGSs) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of small and large strongyles followed by reverse line blot (RLB) assay were performed to identify the presence of the 12 most common equine small strongyle species and to discriminate them from Strongylus spp. Overall, 11 small strongyle species were identified in pretreatment samples. In the samples collected at 4 weeks after ivermectin treatment, eight small strongyle species were identified and four of them were predominant (Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus calicatus and Cylicostephanus minutus). At 5 and 6 weeks post-treatment, the RLB assay analysis showed almost the same composition in the small strongyle population as before treatment. Strongylus spp. were identified only in samples collected from the positive control horse for these parasites. These data confirm the ability of the PCR-RLB technique for simultaneous species-specific differentiation of equine strongyle eggs, indicating a valuable way of furthering drug-resistance studies.
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Continuance of studies on Population S benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles in a Shetland pony herd in Kentucky: effect of pyrantel pamoate (1992-1999).
Veterinary Parasitology, 2001Co-Authors: Eugene T. Lyons, Drudge Jh, S. S. Collins, Sharon C. Tolliver, Thomas W. SwerczekAbstract:Abstract Research on benzimidazole-resistant Population S small strongyles began in a Shetland pony herd in 1974 at the University of Kentucky and has continued for over 25 years. The present update, for the period 1992–1999, evaluated activity of pyrantel pamoate (PRT) in field tests in the pony herd. Additional critical tests with PRT and oxibendazole (OBZ) were done in foals born in the herd. Activity of PRT was initially excellent in field tests, based on epg/lpg count data, but declined rapidly during the second full year of pyrantel treatments. Critical test data for small strongyles indicated efficacies of PRT were about 60% at the beginning of the present observations and this intermediate level of removal continued throughout the seven-year period except for 1994 (75%). Unusual was the finding that field test epg/lpg data on small strongyles indicated much lower activity of PRT than found in worm count data in critical tests. The previously reported ineffective activity of OBZ on this population of small strongyles continued. Data are presented on prevalence and drug activity on several species of internal parasites besides small strongyles.
E T Lyons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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postmortem examination 2016 2017 of weanling and older horses for the presence of select species of endoparasites gasterophilus spp anoplocephala spp and Strongylus spp in specific anatomical sites
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2018Co-Authors: E T Lyons, David C Bolin, Uneeda K Bryant, L M Cassone, Carney Jackson, J G Janes, Laura Kennedy, Alan T Loynachan, K R Boll, A S BurkhardtAbstract:Abstract Parasite infections are more quantifiable postmortem than antemortem in horses. Thus a study was carried out examining dead horses for specific parasite species. Most of the weanling and older horses submitted to the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UKVDL) for postmortem examination between November 22, 2016 and March 23, 2017 were examined for certain species of internal parasites. The stomach and duodenum from 69 horses were examined for bots (Gasterophilus spp.). Combined data for both Thoroughbred and non-Thoroughbred (16 other than Thoroughbred breeds/mixed breeds) horses revealed that the prevalence of Gasterophilus intestinalis was 19% (n = 12) with 2nd instars (x 8.5) and 39% (n = 27) with 3rd instars (x 90). The prevalence of Gasterophilus nasalis was 1.5% (n = 1) for 2nd instars (x 1) and 7% (n = 5) for 3rd instars (x 25). A few third instar G. intestinalis placed in 10% formalin showed slight movement at over two hundred hours later. The cecum and about 25 cm of the terminal part of the ileum were examined from 139 horses for tapeworms (Anoplocephala spp.) and large strongyles (Strongylus spp.). The prevalence of A. perfoliata was 44% (n = 62) and the average number of specimens per infected horse was 92.5. Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus were not found in the gut of any horse.
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Further indication of lowered activity of ivermectin on immature small strongyles in the intestinal lumen of horses on a farm in Central Kentucky
Parasitology Research, 2013Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Sharon C. TolliverAbstract:Critical tests were performed in 2011 in four weanling horses (L-1, L-2, L-29, and L-30) treated with ivermectin paste at 200 μg/kg. They were born in 2011 and raised together on a farm (MC) in Central Kentucky. The horses had not been treated previously with an antiparasitic drug. However, ivermectin had been administered repeatedly to the horse herd for several years and strongyle eggs per gram of feces (EPGs) returned sooner posttreatment than after initial usage. Critical tests in a recent previous study in this horse herd indicated that the reason for the early return of strongyle EPGs after ivermectin treatment probably was because of lowered drug activity on immature (L_4) small strongyles in the lumen of the large intestine. Therefore, the life cycle was shortened. The main purpose of the present study was to obtain further data on the activity of ivermectin on small strongyle immature stages, in addition to adults, in the intestinal lumen. Twelve species of small strongyles were present. Combined data for immature and adult small strongyles for the four ivermectin-treated horses demonstrated efficacy of 68 to 83 %. Removal of adults was 100 % for all four horses, and on immatures, it ranged from 0 to 16 %. Efficacy on immature small strongyles was even lower than in the previous study. This supported the earlier finding of apparent reduced time for maturation of the parasites because of incomplete elimination of immature small strongyles in the intestinal lumen of horses after ivermectin treatment. Data on five other helminth species were recorded.
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Fecundity of various species of strongylids (Nematoda: Strongylidae)—parasites of domestic horses
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: T A Kuzmina, E T Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, I I Dzeverin, V A KharchenkoAbstract:The aims of the study were to determine fecundity of several strongylid species parasitizing domestic horses and analyze possible relations between numbers of eggs in female uteri and size of both the eggs and the nematodes as well as the influence of fecundity on proportion of species in the strongylid community. Twenty-five specimens from each of 15 strongylid species ( Strongylus vulgaris , Strongylus edentatus , Triodontophorus serratus , Triodontophorus brevicauda , Triodontophorus tenuicollis , Cyathostomum catinatum , Coronocyclus coronatus , Cylicocyclus nassatus , Cylicocyclus insigne , Cylicocyclus leptostomus , Cylicostephanus calicatus , Cylicostephanus goldi , Cylicostephanus longibursatus , Cylicostephanus minutus , and Poteriostomum imparidentatum ) collected after necropsy were studied. The reproductive system was extracted from the female body; all eggs were removed, counted, and measured under a light microscope. Significant differences in number of eggs in female uteri of various strongylid species were observed (Kruskal–Wallis test, p
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Prevalence of large endoparasites at necropsy in horses infected with Population B small strongyles in a herd established in Kentucky in 1966
Parasitology Research, 2006Co-Authors: E T Lyons, Sharon C. Tolliver, S. S. CollinsAbstract:Two closed horse herds (Old Lot 4 and Field 24), infected since 1966 with Population B small strongyles resistant to thiabendazole (TBZ) and phenothiazine (PTZ), were terminated in February, March, and May, 2005. At necropsy, only the large endoparasites were identified and counted. The number of horses on pasture was 14 (239 days of age to 23 years old) for Old Lot 4 and two (3 to 20 years old) for Field 24. The time of the last antiparasitic treatment, relative to the year (2005) of necropsy, was 26 years for Old Lot 4 and 9 years for Field 24 horses. Gasterophilus intestinalis third instars (three to 113 specimens/horse) were found in all 16 horses and second instars (one to two) in two horses. Gasterophilus nasalis third instars (one to three) were recovered from five horses. Parascaris equorum infections (23 to 144) were in four horses (239 days to 4 years old). Strongylus vulgaris were present in the large intestine (one to 155) of 13 horses from 239 days to 23 years old and in the cranial mesenteric artery (two to 79) in 10 horses from 239 days to 23 years old. Strongylus edentatus were in the large intestine (two to 101) of 12 horses, ranging in age from 2.5 to 23 years old and in the ventral abdominal wall (one to 53) of six horses from 239 days to 21 years old. Specimens (seven to 872) of Anoplocephala perfoliata were in all horses. Oxyuris equi (one to 129) were recovered from seven horses (330 days to 23 years old). Thelazia lacrymalis (one to 85) infected the eyes of five horses (317 days to 11 years old).
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critical tests of thiabendazole oxibendazole and oxfendazole for drug resistance of population b equine small strongyles 1989 and 1990
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1993Co-Authors: Sharon C. Tolliver, S Stamper, E T Lyons, J H Drudge, David E. GranstromAbstract:: Critical tests were conducted in horses (n = 11) with naturally acquired infections of benzimidazole (BZ)-resistant population-B small strongyles in 1989 and 1990. Anthelmintics administered were thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight, n = 4), oxibendazole (10 mg/kg, n = 3), and oxfendazole (OFZ, 10 mg/kg; n = 4). All compounds were paste formulations administered orally except for 1 of the OFZ treatments, which was a suspension formulation given by stomach tube. Aggregate mean efficacy was calculated for all species of small strongyles, drug-resistant and non-resistant. The highest efficacy was for oxibendazole (98%) and OFZ (94%); efficacy for thiabendazole was 63%. Five genera and 16 species of small strongyles were recovered from the 11 horses, ranging from 7 to 13 species (mean, 11). Of these, 7 species were found to have resistance in variable degrees to most of the anthelmintics. These strongyles were Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum coronatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus calicatus, Cylicostephanus goldi, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, and Cylicostephanus minutus. The large strongyle, Strongylus vulgaris, was present in all 11 test horses, and efficacy was 100% for all drugs. Seven of the BZ-treated foals (at least 1 horse from each BZ-treatment group), were infected with S edentatus; removal was 100%.
Michel Franc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of the temperature on the development of the African cat flea Ctenocephalides felis Strongylus (Jordan, 1925) (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae)
Parasite (Paris France), 2010Co-Authors: K.p. Yao, K.e. N’goran, Michel FrancAbstract:Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche, 1835) communement appelee “puce du chat” presente deux sous-especes reconnues : Ctenocephalides felis Strongylus (Jordan, 1925) infeodee au continent africain et Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche, 1835) presente dans les zones a climat tempere (Afrique du Nord, Europe et Amerique) (Menier et Beaucournu, 1999). En Afrique subsaharienne, la principale puce retrouvee chez les animaux de compagnie et chez certains animaux d’elevage (ovins, caprins et bovins) appartient a la sous-espece C. f. Strongylus . Quelques parametres bio-ecologiques de C. f. Strongylus ont ete etudies dans differentes conditions d’elevage. Les resultats ont ete compares a ceux de C. f. felis actuellement disponibles. A 75% ± 5 d’humidite relative, le cycle de developpement de C. f. Strongylus dure 20-21 jours a 27 °C et de 16 a 17 jours a 29 °C. Ainsi, la sousespece africaine de la puce du chat (C. f. Strongylus ) se developpe moins vite que C. f. felis a temperatures identiques. Cette difference pourrait s’expliquer par l’influence du climat de leurs aires de distribution respectives sur leur cycle de developpement. A 75% ± 5 d’humidite relative, les adultes de C. f. Strongylus ne peuvent survivre plus de 14 jours dans l’environnement a des temperatures comprises entre 27 et 29 °C, lorsqu’elles n’ont jamais pris de repas sanguin. Dans ces memes conditions, la duree de survie n’excede pas 16 jours a 19 °C. Mais lorsque C. f. Strongylus a pris un premier repas de sang, elle a une duree de vie beaucoup plus courte lorsqu’elle est hors de son hote. En effet, aucun individu n’est retrouve vivant trois jours passe hors de la fourrure de son hote a 29 °C, cinq jours a 27 °C et huit jours a 19 °C. Il en est de meme pour C. f. felis . Ces donnees sur la bio-ecologie de C. f. Strongylus permettent de comprendre l’influence de la temperature sur son cycle de developpement et d’envisager des strategies de lutte plus efficientes.
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Some ecological parameters of Ctenocephalides felis Strongylus (Jordan, 1925) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
Parasite (Paris France), 2006Co-Authors: K.p. Yao, K.e. Ngoran, Michel FrancAbstract:Among the fleas of medico-veterinary interest, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche, 1 835) is the one most studied. This taxon includes two subspecies: Ctenocephalides f. felis, and Ctenocephalides f. Strongylus (Jordan, 1925); only C. f. felis has been the subject of almost all the studies available. We were, thus, interested in C. f. Strongylus which can be regarded as the species of substitution of C. f. felis on the African continent. The purpose of our work was to establish some biological parameters such as: hatching of eggs, cycle of development and emergence of adults. These data were compared with those available on C. f. felis. With temperatures ranging between 19 degrees C and 29 degrees C and a relative humidity (HR) of 75 % +/- 5, the hatching rates of eggs observed from the two subspecies of C. felis, are higher than 88 %. The optimal temperature of eggs hatching for C. felis is 29 degrees C, with more than 70 % of hatching obtained in 1-2 days after the laying. The larval developments of the two subspecies are almost identical and function of the temperature 18-9 days with 27 degrees C). Only differs the minimal duration of the progressive cycle. For C. f. Strongylus, it lasts in 16-17 days at 29 degrees C, 20-21 days at 27 degrees C and 38 days at 19 degrees C. For C. f. felis, published values give report of 15 days at 27 degrees C and 17 days at 24 degrees C. The emergence of adults of C. f. Strongylus takes eight to ten days between 19 degrees C and 29 degrees C, while data published on C. f. felis are about 26 days at 19 degrees C and 15 days at 27 degrees C.
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Some biologiacal parameters of Ctenocephalides felis Strongylus (Jordan, 1925) (Siphonaptera : Pulicidae)
Parasite, 2006Co-Authors: K.p. Yao, K.e. Ngoran, Michel FrancAbstract:Among the fleas of medico-veterinary interest, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché, 1835) is the one most studied. This taxon includes two subspecies: Ctenocephalides f. felis, and Ctenocephalides f. Strongylus (Jordan, 1925); only C. f. felis has been the subject of almost all the studies available. We were, thus, interested in C. f. Strongylus which can be regarded as the species of substitution of C. f. felis on the African continent. The purpose of our work was to establish some biological parameters such as: hatching of eggs, cycle of development and emergence of adults. These data were compared with those available on C. f. felis. With temperatures ranging between 19° C and 29° C and a relative humidity (HR) of 75 % ± 5, the hatching rates of eggs observed from the two subspecies of C. felis, are higher than 88 %. The optimal temperature of eggs hatching for C. felis is 29° C, with more than 70 % of hatching obtained in 1-2 days after the laying. The larval developments of the two subspecies are almost identical and function of the temperature (8-9 days with 27° C). Only differs the minimal duration of the progressive cycle. For C. f. Strongylus, it lasts in 16-17 days at 29° C, 20-21 days at 27° C and 38 days at 19° C. For C. f. felis, published values give report of 15 days at 27° C and 17 days at 24° C. The emergence of adults of C. f. Strongylus takes eight to ten days between 19° C and 29° C, while data published on C. f. felis are about 26 days at 19° C and 15 days at 27° C.
Hyone-myong Eun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Anthelmintic efficacies of a tablet formula of ivermectin-praziquantel on horses experimentally infected with three Strongylus species
Parasitology research, 2009Co-Authors: Stéphane Bonneau, Laurence Maynard, Krzysztof Tomczuk, Dawid J. Kok, Hyone-myong EunAbstract:In this blinded randomized and controlled study, the anthelmintic efficacy of a tablet formula of ivermectin–praziquantel was evaluated in horses experimentally infected with three species of Strongylus larvae. Eighteen previously dewormed horses were inoculated on study day 0 with third-stage larvae of Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus equinus, and Strongylus edentatus. The horses were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 6): test-drug (tablet formula), positive-control (reference gel), and negative-control (placebo tablet). On day 56, the horses were treated once with the respective drugs. On day 95, the horses were sacrificed, and necropsy examinations were performed to assess the status of the parasite burden (L4 and immature L5) and pathological lesions on selected organs and tissues. By the criteria of worm counts, the test-drug and positive-control showed, respectively, 100% and 97.3% anthelmintic efficacies on S. vulgaris, 100% and 81.4% on S. equinus, and equally 100% on S. edentatus. However, the efficacies on S. equinus and S. edentatus should be taken only as face values considering their respective low worm counts in the placebo group. The S. vulgaris-induced arterial lesions were also reduced in the test-drug and positive-control groups with efficacies of 73.9% and 62.9%, respectively. No adverse reactions were observed with either of the drugs. Our data demonstrate that the Equimax tablet formula was as safe and efficacious as the gel formula anthelmintic on large strongyles in horses.
