The Experts below are selected from a list of 1851 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ewa Malatynska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Selective breeding for dominant and Submissive Behavior in Sabra mice
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2010Co-Authors: Yuval Feder, Ewa Malatynska, Elimelech Nesher, Ariel Ogran, Anatoly Kreinin, Gal Yadid, Albert PinhasovAbstract:Abstract Background The Dominant–Submissive Relationship (DSR) model used here was developed for mood stabilizing and antidepressant drug testing. Treatment of Submissive animals with known antidepressants significantly reduced Submissive Behavior in a dose-dependent manner. We hypothesized that if Submissive Behavior in DSR is a valid model of depression, it should be possible to show a genetic predisposition for this trait, since clinical studies support a genetic component for depression. Methods To test this hypothesis, we applied selective breeding on outbred Sabra mice based on DSR paradigm. Results Here we have demonstrated that the frequency of DSR formation gradually increased across four generations of outbred Sabra mice, when animals inbred for the dominant trait were paired with those inbred for the Submissive trait. Chronic imipramine administration (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced Submissive Behavior in the F2 generation consistent with the effect seen in unselected C57BL/6 J mice. Conclusions We conclude that increased frequency of DSR formation suggest a genetic component of these two phenotypes, and strengthens the predictive and face validity of the DSR test. Selective breeding may aid in a better understanding of the genetic basis of dominant and Submissive Behavior, important elements in the etiology of affective disorders.
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Submissive Behavior in mice as a test for antidepressant drug activity
Pharmacology biochemistry and behavior, 2005Co-Authors: Ewa Malatynska, Robert Rapp, David Harrawood, Godfrey TunnicliffAbstract:Previously, with the administration of antidepressant drugs, it has been demonstrated that the rat model of clinical depression, known as the reduction of Submissive Behavior model (RSBM), has considerable validity. The present study is an attempt to extend the model to mice. Several antidepressant drugs as well as a number of non-antidepressant agents were administered to mice that had been identified as Submissive in a Behavioral testing situation. Imipramine, desipramine, amoxapine and fluoxetine, representing three different classes of antidepressant drugs, were each able to increase competitive Behavior in Submissive mice and to decrease the dominance level between dominant and Submissive mice in the Behavioral tests. The stimulant amphetamine also reduced Submissive Behavior while yohimbine (also a stimulant), and the antianxiety agent diazepam had no such effect. The neuroleptic drug thiothixen had antidepressant-like effect on Submissive C57BL/6J mice Behavior. We conclude that like the rat model of depression from which it was developed, the mouse model responds to various antidepressants as predicted and thus may serve as a potential model of clinical depression.
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Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model for antidepressant drug activity testing: study using a video-tracking system
Behavioural pharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Albert Pinhasov, Jeffrey Crooke, Daniel I. Rosenthal, Douglas E. Brenneman, Ewa MalatynskaAbstract:Submissive animals can be defined in a food competition test as spending significantly less time on the feeder than their dominant partners. Using observer-based scoring in the Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model, Submissive Behavior in rats and mice has been previously shown to be sensitive and selective to antidepressant treatment. In this paper, we report the use of automated scoring by a multiple-subject video-tracking system to record similar effects of antidepressants on rat Submissive Behavior. Automated scoring enabled the observation of four pairs of rats during each 5-min experimental session (one set) and immediate switching to the observation of the next four pairs of animals. Studies were conducted to confirm our previous results with imipramine and fluoxetine that were obtained with manual scoring, and to extend those results to studies with other drugs, including the antidepressant maprotiline and the delta-opioid antagonist naltrindole, which is not known to have antidepressant activity. As in previous studies, treatment of the Submissive animal for 5 weeks with imipramine (20 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced Submissive Behavior, with a delayed onset of antidepressant effect that was dependent on drug dose. Maprotiline (10 and 20 mg/kg), like imipramine or fluoxetine and in contrast to naltrindole, strongly reduced rat Submissive Behavior, further demonstrating the selectivity of this test for antidepressant activity.
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Dominant-Submissive Behavior as models of mania and depression.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2005Co-Authors: Ewa Malatynska, Richard J. KnappAbstract:This review examines the ways in which dominant-subordinate Behavior in animals, as determined in laboratory studies, can be used to model depression and mania in humans. Affective disorders are mood illnesses with two opposite poles, melancholia (depression) and mania that are expressed to different degrees in affected individuals. Dominance and Submissiveness are also two contrasting Behavioral poles distributed as a continuum along an axis with less or more dominant or Submissive animals. The premise of this article is that important elements of both mania and depression can be modeled in rats and mice based on observation of dominant and Submissive Behavior exhibited under well defined conditions. Studies from our own research, where dominance and Submissiveness are defined in a competition test and measured as the relative success of two food-restricted rats to gain access to a feeder, have yielded a paradigm that we call the Dominant Submissive Relationship (DSR). This paradigm results in two models sensitive to drugs used to treat mood disorders. Specifically, drugs used to treat mania inhibit the dominant Behavior of rats gaining access to food at the expense of an opponent (Reduction of Dominant Behavior Model or RDBM), whereas antidepressants counteract the Behavior of rats losing such encounters; Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model (RSBM). The validation of these models, as well as their advantages and limitations, are discussed and compared with other animal paradigms that utilize animal social Behavior to model human mood disturbances.
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different levels of gamma synuclein mrna in the cerebral cortex of dominant neutral and Submissive rats selected in the competition test
Genes Brain and Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Albert Pinhasov, Jeffrey Crooke, Daniel I. Rosenthal, Douglas E. Brenneman, Sergey E Ilyin, Frank A Amato, Anil H Vaidya, Ewa MalatynskaAbstract:Synucleins are small proteins regulating the filamentous network that in turn influences the release of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitters involved in mood and motivation processes. We have studied the pattern of synuclein expression in animal models for mania and depression. Dominant Behavior, as defined in a food competition test with dyads of rats, can serve as a model of mania and Submissive Behavior as a model of depression. The expression of α-, β- and γ-synuclein was analyzed in four regions of cortex from dominant, neutral and Submissive rats using TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technology. The expression levels of γ-synuclein were elevated consistently in all regions of cerebral cortex of dominant rats (P < 0.05; 23.5 ± 1.1, normalized units) in contrast to the Submissive rat group (10.3 ± 1.2). Neutral rats had intermediate cerebral cortex levels of γ-synuclein expression (15.7 ± 1.4) that were significantly lower than that in dominant rats (P < 0.05). No changes in α- or β-synuclein expression were observed among the groups. These studies indicate that γ-synuclein levels in the cerebral cortex were differentially associated with dominant and Submissive Behavior.
Kim L. Huhman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gabaa receptor activation in the lateral septum reduces the expression of conditioned defeat and increases aggression in syrian hamsters
Brain Research, 2012Co-Authors: Mark Mcdonald, Chris M Markham, Alisa Norvelle, Elliott H Albers, Kim L. HuhmanAbstract:Exposure to social stressors can cause profound changes in an individual's physiology and Behavior. In Syrian hamsters, even a single social defeat results in conditioned defeat, which includes an abolishment of territorial aggression and the emergence of high levels of Submissive Behavior. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the lateral septum (LS) is a component of the putative neural circuit underlying conditioned defeat. Experiment 1 explored the possibility that plasticity in the LS is necessary for the induction of conditioned defeat. Infusions of the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin, prior to defeat training, however, failed to alter conditioned defeat during testing on the following day, suggesting that synaptic plasticity in the LS is not critical for defeat-induced suppression of aggression. Experiment 2 tested whether the LS is necessary for the expression of conditioned defeat. Infusions of the GABA(A) agonist muscimol into the LS prior to testing significantly increased aggression and decreased submission in previously defeated animals suggesting that the LS is an important component of the neural circuit mediating the expression of both aggression and submission in conditioned defeat. Experiment 3 examined whether the effects of muscimol on aggression were dependent on prior social defeat. Non-defeated animals receiving muscimol infusions prior to testing with a non-aggressive intruder displayed significantly more aggression than did hamsters receiving control injections. Thus, these data suggest that the activation of GABA(A) receptors in the LS increases aggression regardless of whether or not a hamster has previously experienced social defeat.
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Gonadal hormones modulate the display of Submissive Behavior in socially defeated female Syrian hamsters.
Hormones and behavior, 2005Co-Authors: Alicia N. Faruzzi, Matia B. Solomon, Gregory E. Demas, Kim L. HuhmanAbstract:There are striking differences in the Behavioral response to social defeat between male and female Syrian hamsters. Whereas males exhibit a prolonged Behavioral response to defeat (i.e., conditioned defeat), many females remain aggressive or show only a transient Submissive response following defeat. The current study tested the hypothesis that sex steroids underlie this differential Behavioral responsivity to social defeat. Female hamsters were ovariectomized and implanted with Silastic capsules containing estradiol (E(2)), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or a blank capsule (no hormone replacement). After a 3-week recovery period, each subject was placed inside the home cage of a larger, more aggressive female for four 5-min defeat trials. The following day, each animal was tested for conditioned defeat by testing it in its own home cage in the presence of a smaller, non-aggressive intruder. Submissive, aggressive, social, and nonsocial Behaviors were subsequently scored. Hamsters receiving E(2) or T displayed significantly lower levels of Submissive Behavior than did animals receiving P, DHT, or no hormone replacement. There were no significant differences in aggressive Behavior among groups. These data suggest that gonadal hormones can influence Submissive Behavior in female hamsters. Collectively, these results suggest that the sex differences observed in conditioned defeat may, in part, be explained by sex differences in circulating gonadal hormones.
Albert Pinhasov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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incensole acetate reduces depressive like Behavior and modulates hippocampal bdnf and crf expression of Submissive animals
Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2012Co-Authors: Arieh Moussaieff, Elimelech Nesher, Gal Yadid, Moshe Gross, Tatiana Tikhonov, Albert PinhasovAbstract:Incensole acetate (IA), a constituent of Boswellia resin ('frankincense'), was previously demonstrated to exhibit an antidepressive-like effect in the Forced Swim Test (FST) in mice following single dose administration (50 mg/kg). Here, we show that acute administration of considerably lower dose (10 mg/kg) IA to selectively bred mice, showing prominent Submissive Behavior, exerted significant antidepressant-like effects in the FST. Furthermore, chronic administration of 1 or 5 mg/kg per day of IA for three consecutive weeks dose- and time-dependently reduced the Submissiveness of the mice in the Dominant-Submissive Relationship test, developed to screen the chronic effect of antidepressants. This Behavioral effect was concomitant to reduced serum corticosterone levels, dose-dependent down-regulation of corticotropin releasing factor and up-regulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor transcripts IV and VI expression in the hippocampus. These data suggest that IA modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and influences hippocampal gene expression, leading to beneficial Behavioral effects supporting its potential as a novel treatment of depressive-like disorders.
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Selective breeding for dominant and Submissive Behavior in Sabra mice
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2010Co-Authors: Yuval Feder, Ewa Malatynska, Elimelech Nesher, Ariel Ogran, Anatoly Kreinin, Gal Yadid, Albert PinhasovAbstract:Abstract Background The Dominant–Submissive Relationship (DSR) model used here was developed for mood stabilizing and antidepressant drug testing. Treatment of Submissive animals with known antidepressants significantly reduced Submissive Behavior in a dose-dependent manner. We hypothesized that if Submissive Behavior in DSR is a valid model of depression, it should be possible to show a genetic predisposition for this trait, since clinical studies support a genetic component for depression. Methods To test this hypothesis, we applied selective breeding on outbred Sabra mice based on DSR paradigm. Results Here we have demonstrated that the frequency of DSR formation gradually increased across four generations of outbred Sabra mice, when animals inbred for the dominant trait were paired with those inbred for the Submissive trait. Chronic imipramine administration (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced Submissive Behavior in the F2 generation consistent with the effect seen in unselected C57BL/6 J mice. Conclusions We conclude that increased frequency of DSR formation suggest a genetic component of these two phenotypes, and strengthens the predictive and face validity of the DSR test. Selective breeding may aid in a better understanding of the genetic basis of dominant and Submissive Behavior, important elements in the etiology of affective disorders.
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Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model for antidepressant drug activity testing: study using a video-tracking system
Behavioural pharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Albert Pinhasov, Jeffrey Crooke, Daniel I. Rosenthal, Douglas E. Brenneman, Ewa MalatynskaAbstract:Submissive animals can be defined in a food competition test as spending significantly less time on the feeder than their dominant partners. Using observer-based scoring in the Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model, Submissive Behavior in rats and mice has been previously shown to be sensitive and selective to antidepressant treatment. In this paper, we report the use of automated scoring by a multiple-subject video-tracking system to record similar effects of antidepressants on rat Submissive Behavior. Automated scoring enabled the observation of four pairs of rats during each 5-min experimental session (one set) and immediate switching to the observation of the next four pairs of animals. Studies were conducted to confirm our previous results with imipramine and fluoxetine that were obtained with manual scoring, and to extend those results to studies with other drugs, including the antidepressant maprotiline and the delta-opioid antagonist naltrindole, which is not known to have antidepressant activity. As in previous studies, treatment of the Submissive animal for 5 weeks with imipramine (20 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced Submissive Behavior, with a delayed onset of antidepressant effect that was dependent on drug dose. Maprotiline (10 and 20 mg/kg), like imipramine or fluoxetine and in contrast to naltrindole, strongly reduced rat Submissive Behavior, further demonstrating the selectivity of this test for antidepressant activity.
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different levels of gamma synuclein mrna in the cerebral cortex of dominant neutral and Submissive rats selected in the competition test
Genes Brain and Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Albert Pinhasov, Jeffrey Crooke, Daniel I. Rosenthal, Douglas E. Brenneman, Sergey E Ilyin, Frank A Amato, Anil H Vaidya, Ewa MalatynskaAbstract:Synucleins are small proteins regulating the filamentous network that in turn influences the release of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitters involved in mood and motivation processes. We have studied the pattern of synuclein expression in animal models for mania and depression. Dominant Behavior, as defined in a food competition test with dyads of rats, can serve as a model of mania and Submissive Behavior as a model of depression. The expression of α-, β- and γ-synuclein was analyzed in four regions of cortex from dominant, neutral and Submissive rats using TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technology. The expression levels of γ-synuclein were elevated consistently in all regions of cerebral cortex of dominant rats (P < 0.05; 23.5 ± 1.1, normalized units) in contrast to the Submissive rat group (10.3 ± 1.2). Neutral rats had intermediate cerebral cortex levels of γ-synuclein expression (15.7 ± 1.4) that were significantly lower than that in dominant rats (P < 0.05). No changes in α- or β-synuclein expression were observed among the groups. These studies indicate that γ-synuclein levels in the cerebral cortex were differentially associated with dominant and Submissive Behavior.
Richard J. Knapp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dominant-Submissive Behavior as models of mania and depression.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2005Co-Authors: Ewa Malatynska, Richard J. KnappAbstract:This review examines the ways in which dominant-subordinate Behavior in animals, as determined in laboratory studies, can be used to model depression and mania in humans. Affective disorders are mood illnesses with two opposite poles, melancholia (depression) and mania that are expressed to different degrees in affected individuals. Dominance and Submissiveness are also two contrasting Behavioral poles distributed as a continuum along an axis with less or more dominant or Submissive animals. The premise of this article is that important elements of both mania and depression can be modeled in rats and mice based on observation of dominant and Submissive Behavior exhibited under well defined conditions. Studies from our own research, where dominance and Submissiveness are defined in a competition test and measured as the relative success of two food-restricted rats to gain access to a feeder, have yielded a paradigm that we call the Dominant Submissive Relationship (DSR). This paradigm results in two models sensitive to drugs used to treat mood disorders. Specifically, drugs used to treat mania inhibit the dominant Behavior of rats gaining access to food at the expense of an opponent (Reduction of Dominant Behavior Model or RDBM), whereas antidepressants counteract the Behavior of rats losing such encounters; Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model (RSBM). The validation of these models, as well as their advantages and limitations, are discussed and compared with other animal paradigms that utilize animal social Behavior to model human mood disturbances.
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Antidepressant activity of memory-enhancing drugs in the reduction of Submissive Behavior model.
European journal of pharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: Richard J. Knapp, Rachel Goldenberg, Caroline Shuck, Alicia Cecil, Jeff Watkins, Cortland Miller, Glenda Crites, Ewa MalatynskaAbstract:The present study tests the activity of nootropic drugs in a Behavioral test linked to depression. This test measures the reduction of Submissive Behavior in a competition test as the relative success of two food-restricted rats to gain access to a feeder. Nootropic drugs tested include piracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide), aniracetam (1-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-2-pyrrolidinone), the Ampakine™, Ampalex™, 1-(quinoxalin-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine, and analogs were compared to the antidepressants, fluoxetine ((±)-N-methyl-gamma-(4-[trifluoromethyl]phenoxy)-benzenepropanamine) and desimpramine (5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-propanamine, 10,11-dihydro-N-methyl-, monohydrochloride), while the anxiolytic diazepam (7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one) served as a control. Drugs were given intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. The antidepressant and nootropic drugs reduced Submissive Behavior over time. The effect was dose dependent as measured for fluoxetine and Ampakines. The reduction of Submissive Behavior by Ampakines gradually faded after cessation of treatment and had a more rapid onset of activity (during the 1st week of treatment) than fluoxetine (after 2 weeks). The results suggest that Ampakines may have antidepressant activity. The potential of depression treatment with memory-enhancing drugs is hypothesized and the link between cognition and depression is discussed.
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Reduction of Submissive Behavior in Rats: A Test for Antidepressant Drug Activity
Pharmacology, 2001Co-Authors: Ewa Malatynska, Rachel Goldenberg, Glenda Crites, Lucy Shuck, Arif Haque, Paula Zamecki, Nancy L. Schindler, Richard J. KnappAbstract:Randomly paired rats were food deprived overnight and placed in an apparatus compelling them to compete for a food reward. About half of these pairs developed a dominant-Submissive relationship measured as a significant difference in time spent on the feeder by each rat. This relationship developed over a 2-week period and remained stable for at least the next 5 weeks. Treatment of the Submissive subjects, for at least 2 weeks, with imipramine, desipramine, or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced Submissive Behavior. The effect faded after cessation of treatment with desipramine. Fluoxetine was further tested at 2.5- and 5-mg/kg doses and showed a dose-dependent reduction of Submissive Behavior. Treatment of Submissive rats with the anxiolytic diazepam (1 mg/kg) was ineffective. The prevalence of dominant-Submissive relationships and the effect of desipramine and imipramine on Submissive Behavior were gender independent. The predictive, face, and construct validity of the Behavioral test is discussed.
Ahmet Akin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An investigation of the relationships between achievement goals, self-deception, and Submissive Behavior
International Journal of Research, 2010Co-Authors: Ahmet AkinAbstract:The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between achievement goals, selfdeception, and Submissive Behavior. Participants were 412 university students from Sakarya University, Turkey. 2X2 Achievement Goal Orientations Scale, Self-deception Subscale of Two Dimensional Social Desirability Scale, and Submissive Acts Scale were used as measures. Results showed that learning-approach goals related positively and performance-avoidance goals negatively to self-deception. Also learning-avoidance and performance-approach/avoidance goals associated positively with Submissive Behavior. Results from structural equation modeling showed that the model fitted well (χ2 = 2.45, p = .293, GFI = 1.00, AGFI = .99, CFI = 1.00, NFI = .99, RFI = .95, IFI = 1.00, and RMSEA = .021). The model delineated that self-deception was predicted positively by learning-approach and negatively by performance-avoidance goals. On the other hand, learningavoidance and performance-approach/avoidance goals predicted Submissive Behavior positively.
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Self-compassion and Submissive Behavior Özduyarlik ve Boyun Eğici Davraniş
2009Co-Authors: Ahmet AkinAbstract:The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between self-compassion and Submissive Behaviors. Participants were 755 university students who were enrolled at a mid-size state University, in Turkey. In this study, the Self-compassion Scale and the Submissive Acts Scale were used. In correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found negatively related to Submissive Behavior. On the other hand, self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification factors of self-compassion were found to be positively correlated to Submissive Behavior. According to path analysis results, Submissive Behavior was predicted negatively by self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Further self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification predicted Submissive Behavior in a positive way. This research shows that self-compassion has a direct impact on Submissive Behavior.
