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Jan Made - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Suoidea from the Middle Miocene of Gračanica (Bugojno Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina)—evolution, taxononomy, and biostratigraphy
Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2020Co-Authors: Jan MadeAbstract:The Suoidea from Gračanica in the Bugojno Basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are assigned to Choeromorus lemuroides (previously Taucanamo sansaniense ) (Taucanaminae, Palaeochoeridae), Bunolistriodon latidens (Listriodontinae, Suidae), and Conohyus simorrensis (Tetraconodontinae, Suidae). These belong to three anagenetic lineages, known from Western Europe to Anatolia. The fossils from Gračanica and these lineages are described in detail. Biostratigraphic correlations in an area extending from Western Europe to Anatolia are proposed on the basis of these lineages. These correlations are consistent with known independent age estimates of the large mammal localities in the different areas. Because the Suoidea from Gračanica belong to groups which have suffered from recent taxonomic inflation, their systematics has been discussed for a correct classification.
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The Suoidea from the Middle Miocene of Gračanica (Bugojno Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina)—evolution, taxononomy, and biostratigraphy
Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 2020Co-Authors: Jan MadeAbstract:The Suoidea from Gračanica in the Bugojno Basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are assigned to Choeromorus lemuroides (previously Taucanamo sansaniense ) (Taucanaminae, Palaeochoeridae), Bunolistriodon latidens (Listriodontinae, Suidae), and Conohyus simorrensis (Tetraconodontinae, Suidae). These belong to three anagenetic lineages, known from Western Europe to Anatolia. The fossils from Gračanica and these lineages are described in detail. Biostratigraphic correlations in an area extending from Western Europe to Anatolia are proposed on the basis of these lineages. These correlations are consistent with known independent age estimates of the large mammal localities in the different areas. Because the Suoidea from Gračanica belong to groups which have suffered from recent taxonomic inflation, their systematics has been discussed for a correct classification.
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The pigs and “Old World peccaries” (Suidae and Palaeochoeridae, Suoidea, Artiodactyla) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (southern Germany): phylogeny and an updated classification of the Hyotheriinae and Palaeochoeridae
Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 2010Co-Authors: Jan MadeAbstract:Diese Studie enhält die Beschreibung der fossilen Reste zweier Suoidenarten (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) aus der unter-/mittelmiozänen Fundstelle Sandelzhausen (MN5; Bayern, Deutschland). Die eine Art ist durch einen Schädel und einige isolierte Zähne und Knochen repräsentiert, welche bisher unbekannte Merkmale von Schizoporcus muenzenbergensis , Schizoporcini, Taucanaminae, Palaeochoeridae (Pekaris der Alten Welt), Suoidea dokumentieren. Im Kontext wird die Phylogenie der Taucanaminae diskutiert und eine aktualisierte Klassifikation der Palaeochoeridae vorgestellt. Die neuen Taxa Schizoporcus and Schizoporcini ersetzen die Juniorhomonyme Schizochoerus Crusafont and Lavocat ( 1954 ) and Schizochoerini Golpe-Posse (1974). Die zweite Art ist mit Resten von einigen Schädeln und Unterkiefern, über 50 Zahnreihen, über 300 isolierte Zähne und über 200 Knochen vertreten, welche eine der größten Sammlungen eines miozänen Schweines darstellen und Hyotherium soemmeringi wylensis , Hyotheriini, Hyotheriinae, Suidae (Schweine), Suoidea zugeordnet werden. Hyotherium ist die bisher geologisch älteste Schweinegattung und viele Bearbeiter nahmen an, dass sie auch eine der primitivsten ist. Jedoch während die postkranialen Knochen der Suidae und Palaeochoeridae in vieler Hinsicht unterschiedlich sind, zeigen die Knochen von Hyotherium schon große Ähnlichkeit mit modernen Schweinen, obwohl sie sehr viel schlanker sind und größere Leichtfüßigkeit vermuten lassen. Merkmale, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Wühl-Verhalten stehen, zeigen an, dass Hyotherium ein wesentlich effizienterer Wühler war, als die Palaeochoeridae und die modernen Dicotylidae, aber nicht so effizient wie die modernen Schweine. Die Phylogenie der Hyotheriinae wird diskutiert. Die Unterfamilie wird unterteilt in Hyotheriini sowie den neuen Tribus Aureliachoeiini und eine aktualisierte Klassifikation wird vorgestellt. The fossil remains of two species of Suoidea (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Early/Middle Miocene locality of Sandelzhausen (MN5; Bavaria, Germany) are described. A skull and some isolated teeth and bones reveal hitherto unknown features of Schizoporcus muenzenbergensis , Schizoporcini, Taucanaminae, Palaeochoeridae (Old World peccaries), Suoidea. The phylogeny of the Taucanaminae is discussed and an updated classification of the Palaeochoeridae is presented. The new names Schizoporcus and Schizoporcini replace the junior homonyms Schizochoerus Crusafont and Lavocat ( 1954 ) and Schizochoerini Golpe-Posse (1974). Remains of several skulls and mandibles, over 50 associated tooth rows, over 300 isolated teeth, and over 200 bones, constitute one of the largest collections of a Miocene suid known, and are assigned to Hyotherium soemmeringi wylensis , Hyotheriini, Hyotheriinae, Suidae (pigs), Suoidea. Hyotherium is the oldest certain suid genus known and many assumed it to be one of the most primitive. While the postcranial bones of the Suidae and Palaeochoeridae differ in many ways, the bones of Hyotherium are already very similar in morphology to those of living pigs, although they are much more slender, suggesting that the genus was more fleet-footed. Features related to rooting behaviour indicate that Hyotherium was a more efficient rooter than Palaeochoeridae and living Dicotylidae, but not as efficient as living suids. The phylogeny of the Hyotheriinae is discussed. The subfamily is divided into Hyotheriini and Aureliachoerini, new tribe, and an updated classification is presented.
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the pigs and old world peccaries Suidae and palaeochoeridae suoidea artiodactyla from the miocene of sandelzhausen southern germany phylogeny and an updated classification of the hyotheriinae and palaeochoeridae
Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 2010Co-Authors: Jan MadeAbstract:The fossil remains of two species of Suoidea (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Early/Middle Miocene locality of Sandelzhausen (MN5; Bavaria, Germany) are described. A skull and some isolated teeth and bones reveal hitherto unknown features of Schizoporcus muenzenbergensis, Schizoporcini, Taucanaminae, Palaeochoeridae (Old World peccaries), Suoidea. The phylogeny of the Taucanaminae is discussed and an updated classification of the Palaeochoeridae is presented. The new names Schizoporcus and Schizoporcini replace the junior homonyms Schizochoerus Crusafont and Lavocat (1954) and Schizochoerini Golpe-Posse (1974). Remains of several skulls and mandibles, over 50 associated tooth rows, over 300 isolated teeth, and over 200 bones, constitute one of the largest collections of a Miocene suid known, and are assigned to Hyotherium soemmeringi wylensis, Hyotheriini, Hyotheriinae, Suidae (pigs), Suoidea. Hyotherium is the oldest certain suid genus known and many assumed it to be one of the most primitive. While the postcranial bones of the Suidae and Palaeochoeridae differ in many ways, the bones of Hyotherium are already very similar in morphology to those of living pigs, although they are much more slender, suggesting that the genus was more fleet-footed. Features related to rooting behaviour indicate that Hyotherium was a more efficient rooter than Palaeochoeridae and living Dicotylidae, but not as efficient as living suids. The phylogeny of the Hyotheriinae is discussed. The subfamily is divided into Hyotheriini and Aureliachoerini, new tribe, and an updated classification is presented.
Martin Pickford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Los suoideos de talla pequeña del Mioceno de Europa y Asia
Estudios Geológicos, 2011Co-Authors: Martin PickfordAbstract:The history of study of small suoids from the Miocene of Eurasia is complex for several reasons: scarcity of fossil material, a high degree of dental convergence and parallelism between closely and distantly related lineages, and frequent misattribution of fossils, resulting in the gradual development of a confusing taxonomy. Changes in taxonomy above the genus level, have added to the complexity; European lineages classified in Suidae in 1924 are now arranged into three separate families; Suidae, Palaeochoeridae and Sanitheriidae. Recent studies have considerably clarified the situation, but there remain several problematic issues to resolve, especially among the Palaeochoeridae. The fossil register of some taxa is limited, so it is necessary to put on record newly recognised specimens in order to fill out our knowledge concerning them. This paper includes previously undescribed material of Palaeochoeridae and small Suidae, as well as reinterpretation of some fossils published in “obscure” scientific journals. The latter include some taxa that have priority over more recently proposed names. A systematic revision of these forms is carried out, and the paper ends with a proposal for a revised taxonomy of the Palaeochoeridae, a family that has recently taken on importance in the debate about the origins of Hippopotamidae.
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New Fossil Suidae from Shanwang, Shandong, China
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2002Co-Authors: Liu Liping, Mikael Fortelius, Martin PickfordAbstract:The late Early Miocene locality of Shanwang, China is known for its rich and well preserved fossils. Here new suid material is described and previously published material is revised. Hyotherium shanwangense, sp. nov. is described based on a partial skull and includes the M3 from the site that was previously assigned to Palaeochoerus cf. pascoei. A right lower jaw is referred to Sinapriculus linquensis, gen. et sp. nov., a primitive suid. The type material of Hyotherium penisulus is assigned to Listriodontinae. The Chinese Hyotherium seems to lie close to the ancestry of tetraconodonts. The more primitive suid Sinapriculus linquensis may represent a survival of an earlier suid radiation in East Asia and the Shanwang suid community as a whole could be seen as a sample of a previously unsuspected East Asian early suid diversity. Such a view would be concordant with the record of late Eocene and early Oligocene suoids from China and Thailand.
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Lower Miocene Suiformes from the northern Sperrgebiet, Namibia, including new evidence for the systematic position of the Sanitheriidae
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science, 1997Co-Authors: Martin PickfordAbstract:The Namibia Palaeontology Expedition has collected new samples of Suiformes from the lower Miocene strata of southern Namibia that clarify the relationships of the genera Diamantohyus and Nguruwe. The new Diamantohyus sample reveals that Sanitheriidae is closer to Anthracotheriidae than to Suidae, whereas the Namibian suids hitherto classed as Kenyasus are more likely to belong to Nguruwe.
Stephane Ducrocq - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenetic relationships of the Suidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla): new insights on the relationships within Suoidea
Zoologica Scripta, 2010Co-Authors: Maeva J. Orliac, Antoine Pierre-olivier, Stephane DucrocqAbstract:Orliac, M. J., Antoine, P. -O., Ducrocq, S. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships of the Suidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla): new insights on the relationships within Suoidea. —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 315–330. In most analyses, both molecular and morphological phylogenies of the Cetartiodactyla support the monophyly of Suoidea. However, the evolutionary history of this superfamily remains poorly known primarily due to long-lasting debates about the taxonomic content and relationships of the suoid families and subfamilies. Despite their crucial position in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla, Suoidea themselves have received little attention in those phylogenies, and no extensive analysis of the group has been performed so far. We therefore examine the phylogeny of the Suidae through the first phylogenetic analysis of Suoidea, including recent and fossil representatives of all four putative families. The results support the monophyly of the traditional suid subfamilies and indicate the Sanitheriidae as sister taxon to the Suidae clade. The evolutionary history within Suidae reveals its complexity, with major convergences involving important morphological structures such as the auditory region or the upper male canine. Divergent signals gathered from either dental or cranio-mandibular features are responsible for two long-lasting unresolved issues within Suoidea: the question of the relationships between ‘Old World’ and ‘New World’ peccaries remaining unsolved, as well as the position and familial status of the mid-Tertiary tayassuid Perchoerus.
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What is a Suiforme (Artiodactyla)?: Contribution of Cranioskeletal and Mitochondrial DNA Data
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1998Co-Authors: Claudine Montgelard, Stephane Ducrocq, Emmanuel J P DouzeryAbstract:Abstract Suiformes (Artiodactyla) traditionally includes three families: Suidae, TayasSuidae, and Hippopotamidae but the monophyly of this suborder has recently been questioned from molecular data. A maximum parsimony analysis of molecular, morphological, and combined data was performed on the same set of taxa including representatives of the three Artiodactyla suborders (Suiformes, Ruminantia, and Tylopoda) and Perissodactyla as outgroup. Mitochondrial (cytochromeband 12S rRNA) sequence comparisons support the monophyly of Suina (Suidae and TayasSuidae) and Ancodonta (Hippopotamidae) but not the monophyly of Suiformes. Inversely, our preliminary morphological analysis supports the monophyly of Suiformes whereas relationships among the three families are not resolved. The combined data set does not resolve the relationships between Suina, Ancodonta, and Ruminantia. These results are discussed in relation to morphological characters and paleontological data. Some improvements are suggested to clarify the morphological definition of Suiformes and relationships among them.
W. Vosloo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental infection of common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) with classical swine fever virus. I: Susceptibility and transmission.
Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Helen Everett, S. Gers, A. B. Lubisi, A. Pardini, Helen R. Crooke, R. Gurrala, R. Dwarka, J. Kim, B. Botha, W. VoslooAbstract:An incursion of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) into the domestic pig population in South Africa, identified in 2005, raised the concern that infection might spread to wildlife species and be maintained in these hosts. This study sought to determine whether two wildlife Suidae species present in South Africa, the bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) and the common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), could support productive CSFV infection. Both species could be infected with CSFV and transmitted infection to in-contact animals of the same species. Viral antigen and RNA genome were detected in blood/serum and animals that survived initial infection seroconverted approximately 10-14 days post-inoculation. Viral RNA remained detectable in nasal and saliva secretions for prolonged periods until monitoring ended at 42-44 days after initial challenge. These data suggest that both Suidae species could serve to spread circulating CSFV within wild populations, with implications for disease control.
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Experimental infection of common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) with classical swine fever virus II: A comparative histopathological study.
Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2010Co-Authors: S. Gers, W. Vosloo, A. B. Lubisi, A. Pardini, Trevor W. Drew, M. WilliamsAbstract:Wild African Suidae, the common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) and bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus), were experimentally infected with classical swine fever (CSF) virus following the diagnosis of CSF subtype 2.1 in domestic pigs in South Africa in 2005. No data regarding the susceptibility or potential lesions of these African wild suids are available. Seven subadult warthogs and six bushpigs were captured and infected intranasally with the South African isolate. Two in-contact control animals of the same species in each experiment verified intra-species transmission. Surviving animals were euthanized after 44 days. Formalin-fixed tissue samples collected from them as well as animals euthanized during the trial were evaluated for histological lesions. The warthogs, which were clinically normal throughout the study, developed histological lesions that were inconsistently present and sometimes subtle. Three individuals, including one in-contact control, developed distinct lympho-plasmacytic cuffing in their brains. Subtle lesions included scant lympho-plasmacytic infiltration of various organs, occasionally accompanied by perivascular cuffing. In contrast, the bushpigs developed overt clinical signs similar to CSF in domestic pigs. Four of six animals, including two in-contact controls, died or were euthanized during the trial. On postmortem examination, intestinal necrosis and ulceration, purulent rhinitis and pneumonia were present. Affected animals developed lymphoid necrosis and depletion whilst surviving individuals showed perivascular cuffing in multiple organs. From the present work, we conclude that these wild Suidae are susceptible to CSF virus and intra-species transmission under experimental conditions can occur.
Henrique Guedes-pinto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suiformes orthologous satellite DNAs as a hallmark of Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari (TayasSuidae) evolutionary rearrangements.
Micron (Oxford England : 1993), 2008Co-Authors: Filomena Adega, Raquel Chaves, Henrique Guedes-pintoAbstract:In a broad general way, eukaryotic satellite DNA sequences are characterized by a highly dynamic molecular behavior due to concerted evolution that leads to rapid change between repeat sequences of different species, achieved by amplification of new variants during speciation or by gradual sequence evolution due to the accumulation of nucleotide substitutions. There are, although exceptions for this almost universal rule. We isolated variants from both the Mc1 and Ac2 pig (Sus scrofa, Suidae) satellite DNA families from the genomes of two TayasSuidae members: Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari, which have highly derived karyotypes. The presence of these sequences in both families' genomes (Suidae and TayasSuidae) implies their existence in a common ancestor, what confers to the variants the status of orthology and the approximate age of, at least 40 million years. While at the molecular composition level these orthologous sequences are highly homologous, cross-species physical mapping revealed a completely different chromosomal location in Suidae versus TayasSuidae families, most probably, reflecting the high level of divergence and chromosomes evolution pathways after radiation of each family. Detailed comparative analysis of the satellites assignment on the peccary's chromosomes revealed its co-localization with homologous evolutionary breakpoints in both species, suggesting their involvement in the rearrangement events. The complex behavior of the repeats evolution in the pig/peccaries genomes is here clearly illustrated. These sequences are molecularly preserved for a considerable period of time and display slow rates of sequence change, but show a dynamic motion behavior throughout the peccary's genomes that accompanied the great architectonic reorganization of TayasSuidae chromosomes during evolution.
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High-resolution comparative chromosome painting in the Arizona collared peccary (Pecari tajacu, TayasSuidae): a comparison with the karyotype of pig and sheep
Chromosome Research, 2006Co-Authors: Filomena Adega, Raquel Chaves, Andrea Kofler, Paul R. Krausman, Julio Masabanda, Johannes Wienberg, Henrique Guedes-pintoAbstract:We used chromosome painting with chromosome-specific probes derived from domestic sheep and pig for a high-resolution cytogenetic comparison with the karyotype of collared peccary ( Pecari tajacu sonoriensis ). A reorganization of the karyotype involving at least 62–66 conserved segments were observed between the sheep and collared peccary. This is an extremely high number compared with other members of the same mammalian order (Cetartiodactyla). The comparison between pig and collared peccary, both belonging to the Suiformes, however, revealed various changes in the gross organization of both karyotypes that may have already occurred in a common ancestor of both species suggesting a monophyletic origin of Suidae/TayasSuidae. The sheep probes, however, also revealed several rearrangements between the two Suidae/TayasSuidae, indicating that these probes represent a useful tool for a more detailed analysis of the evolutionary history of Suiformes. Our sample of the collared peccary from North America (Arizona, USA) showed distinct differences to those already described from South America. The chromosome painting results defined a complex translocation that involves chromosomes including about one-quarter of the entire collared peccary karyotype. This considerable rearrangement indicates subspecies or even species status of both peccary populations, as it should present a significant barrier for their hybridization.
