The Experts below are selected from a list of 2829 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gavin R. Flematti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
identity and activity of 2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolites in wild radish raphanus raphanistrum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Danica E. Goggin, Gareth L Nealon, Gregory R Cawthray, Adrian Scaffidi, Stephen B Powles, Mark J Howard, Gavin R. FlemattiAbstract:Synthetic Auxin herbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), are widely used for selective control of broadleaf weeds in cereals and transgenic crops. Although the troublesome weed wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) has developed resistance to 2,4-D, no populations have yet displayed an enhanced capacity for metabolic detoxification of the herbicide, with both susceptible and resistant wild radish plants readily metabolizing 2,4-D. Using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the major 2,4-D metabolite was identified as the glucose ester, and its structure was confirmed by synthesis. As expected, both the endogenous and Synthetic compounds retained Auxin activity in a bioassay. The lack of detectable 2,4-D hydroxylation in wild radish and the lability of the glucose ester suggest that metabolic 2,4-D resistance is unlikely to develop in this species.
Danica E. Goggin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
identity and activity of 2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolites in wild radish raphanus raphanistrum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Danica E. Goggin, Gareth L Nealon, Gregory R Cawthray, Adrian Scaffidi, Stephen B Powles, Mark J Howard, Gavin R. FlemattiAbstract:Synthetic Auxin herbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), are widely used for selective control of broadleaf weeds in cereals and transgenic crops. Although the troublesome weed wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) has developed resistance to 2,4-D, no populations have yet displayed an enhanced capacity for metabolic detoxification of the herbicide, with both susceptible and resistant wild radish plants readily metabolizing 2,4-D. Using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the major 2,4-D metabolite was identified as the glucose ester, and its structure was confirmed by synthesis. As expected, both the endogenous and Synthetic compounds retained Auxin activity in a bioassay. The lack of detectable 2,4-D hydroxylation in wild radish and the lability of the glucose ester suggest that metabolic 2,4-D resistance is unlikely to develop in this species.
-
weed resistance to Synthetic Auxin herbicides
Pest Management Science, 2018Co-Authors: Roberto Busi, Danica E. Goggin, Richard M Napier, Ian Heap, Michael J Horak, Mithila Jugulam, Robert A Masters, Dilpreet S Riar, Norbert M Satchivi, Joel TorraAbstract:Herbicides classified as Synthetic Auxins have been most commonly used to control broadleaf weeds in a variety of crops and in non-cropland areas since the first Synthetic Auxin herbicide (SAH), 2,4-D, was introduced to the market in the mid-1940s. The incidence of weed species resistant to SAHs is relatively low considering their long-term global application with 30 broadleaf, 5 grass, and 1 grass-like weed species confirmed resistant to date. An understanding of the context and mechanisms of SAH resistance evolution can inform management practices to sustain the longevity and utility of this important class of herbicides. A symposium was convened during the 2nd Global Herbicide Resistance Challenge (May 2017; Denver, CO, USA) to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of SAH resistance mechanisms including case studies of weed species resistant to SAHs and perspectives on mitigating resistance development in SAH-tolerant crops. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
M Agusti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Synthetic Auxin 3 5 6 tpa increases fruit size of loquat eriobotrya japonica lindl by reducing cell turgor pressure
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016Co-Authors: Carmina Reig, Carlos Mesejo, Amparo Martinezfuentes, M AgustiAbstract:Abstract In loquat, the Synthetic Auxin 3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridyloxiacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) applied at 15 mg l −1 at the onset of the linear fruit growth stage or one month later during the active fruit growth period, advanced fruit ripening and harvest. The treatment significantly accelerated fruit growth and enhanced final fruit diameter by 10% compared to the control. The experiment was conducted on adult trees of ‘Algerie’ loquat during two consecutive years. 3,5,6-TPA (as a free acid) was sprayed by handgun to the entire tree until the point of run off, using a randomized design with one-tree plots and 8–10 replications. Cell sap water and osmotic potential were measured at the onset of colour change in treated fruit. Fruit growth rate and carbohydrate concentrations were periodically evaluated and at the first harvest date, fruit colour, fruit weight, plant hormone (ABA, GA, IAA, tZ, and JA) content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and number of fruits harvested were also recorded. Results confirmed that the effect of 3,5,6-TPA increasing fruit size is due to a reduction of fruit cell turgor pressure that diminished water potential, improving water uptake and increasing carbohydrate contents.
-
Synthetic Auxin 3 5 6 tpa provokes citrus clementina hort ex tan fruitlet abscission by reducing photosynthate availability
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2012Co-Authors: Carlos Mesejo, Carmina Reig, Amparo Martinezfuentes, Salvatore Rosito, M AgustiAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the Synthetic Auxin 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pirydiloxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) on photoSynthetic activity, photosynthate transport to the fruit, and fruitlet abscission to further explain the physiological basis of Auxin-mediated citrus fruit thinning. Applying 15 mg l−1 3,5,6-TPA to trees during the fruit cell division stage significantly increased fruitlet abscission of Clementine mandarin. On treated trees, abnormal foliar development and photoSynthetic damage were observed at the same time as 3,5,6-TPA reduced fruitlet growth rate. Briefly, treatment reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations and modified chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, that is, reduced the quantum yield (ФPSII) of the noncyclic electron transport rate, diminished the capacity to reduce the quinone pool (photochemical quenching; qp), and increased nonphotochemical quenching (qN), thereby preventing the dissipation of excess excitation energy. In addition, the net photoSynthetic flux (μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) and leaf photosynthate content decreased in treated trees. As a result, the 3,5,6-TPA treatment significantly reduced the photosynthate accumulation in fruit from day 3 to day 8 after treatment, thus reducing fruitlet growth rate. Hence, treated fruitlets significantly increased ethylene production and abscised. Twenty days after treatment, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and fruitlet growth rate were reestablished. Accordingly, the thinning effect of 3,5,6-TPA may be due to a temporarily induced photoSynthetic disorder that leads to reduction in photosynthate production and fruitlet uptake that temporarily slows its growth, triggering ethylene production and fruitlet abscission. Afterward, the remaining treated fruit overcame this effect, increased growth rate, and reached a larger size than control fruit.
-
effect of the Synthetic Auxin 2 4 dp on fruit development of loquat
Plant Growth Regulation, 2003Co-Authors: M Agusti, V Almela, Amparo Martinezfuentes, M Juan, Norberto Gariglio, Angela Castillo, Carlos MesejoAbstract:Application of the butylglycol ester of 2,4-DP increased final fruit size in loquat without causing fruit thinning. Its effectiveness depended on the concentration applied and treatment date. When applied at the onset of the cell enlargement fruit stage, 25 mg l−1 was the most effective treatment. Fruit diameter distribution showed a significant shift to the larger size for treated trees; further, fruit colour break and maturation were encouraged and harvest time was earlier than in untreated trees.
-
the Synthetic Auxin 3 5 6 tpa stimulates carbohydrate accumulation and growth in citrus fruit
Plant Growth Regulation, 2002Co-Authors: M Agusti, S Zaragoza, Domingo J Iglesias, V Almela, Eduardo Primomillo, Manuel TalonAbstract:The application of the Synthetic Auxin 3,5,6-TPA at the cell enlargementstage increased hexoses in developing fruit from foliated and fully defoliatedplants of Satsuma mandarin, cv. ‘Okitsu’ (Citrusunshiu Marc.). Although the sucrose concentrations also increased,ingeneral the differences were not statistically significant. The plant growthregulator reduced fruit abscission in defoliated trees while it stimulatedfruitgrowth in the foliated ones. The carbohydrate accumulation induced by 3,5,6-TPAindicates that its stimulatory effect on fruit growth might operate viapromotion of sink strength. The results also suggest the occurrence of pathwaysfor induction of fruit abscission, linked to carbon availability, relativelyindependent of the stage of development.
-
Synthetic Auxin 3 5 6 tpa promotes fruit development and climacteric in prunus persica l batsch
Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 1999Co-Authors: M Agusti, V Almela, M Juan, I Andreu, Lorenzo ZacariasAbstract:SummaryThe application of 3,5,6-TPA advances fruit maturation of peaches and nectarines through different mechanisms, depending on the fruit development stage at treatment. Treatments applied at pit hardening encourage the development of fruit, which grow faster, reach the climateric stage earlier, and can be harvested earlier. The effect is direct, since the number of fruits per tree is not reduced by the treatment and also can be obtained by applying the Auxin locally to a small number of fruits per tree. Treatments applied a few days before climateric increase ethylene production without affecting fruit growth.
David Q Matus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
rapid degradation of caenorhabditis elegans proteins at single cell resolution with a Synthetic Auxin
G3: Genes Genomes Genetics, 2020Co-Authors: Michael A Q Martinez, Brian Kinney, Taylor N Medwigkinney, Guinevere Ashley, James Matthew Ragle, Londen Johnson, Joseph Aguilera, Christopher M Hammell, Jordan D Ward, David Q MatusAbstract:As developmental biologists in the age of genome editing, we now have access to an ever-increasing array of tools to manipulate endogenous gene expression. The Auxin-inducible degradation system allows for spatial and temporal control of protein degradation via a hormone-inducible Arabidopsis F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1). In the presence of Auxin, TIR1 serves as a substrate-recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF), ubiquitinating Auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged proteins for proteasomal degradation. Here, we optimize the Caenorhabditis elegans AID system by utilizing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), an indole-free Synthetic analog of the natural Auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). We take advantage of the photostability of NAA to demonstrate via quantitative high-resolution microscopy that rapid degradation of target proteins can be detected in single cells within 30 min of exposure. Additionally, we show that NAA works robustly in both standard growth media and physiological buffer. We also demonstrate that K-NAA, the water-soluble, potassium salt of NAA, can be combined with microfluidics for targeted protein degradation in C. elegans larvae. We provide insight into how the AID system functions in C. elegans by determining that TIR1 depends on C. elegans SKR-1/2, CUL-1, and RBX-1 to degrade target proteins. Finally, we present highly penetrant defects from NAA-mediated degradation of the FTZ-F1 nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-25, during C. elegans uterine-vulval development. Together, this work improves our use and understanding of the AID system for dissecting gene function at the single-cell level during C. elegans development.
-
rapid degradation of c elegans proteins at single cell resolution with a Synthetic Auxin
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Michael A Q Martinez, Brian Kinney, Taylor N Medwigkinney, Guinevere Ashley, James Matthew Ragle, Londen Johnson, Joseph Aguilera, Christopher M Hammell, Jordan D Ward, David Q MatusAbstract:Author(s): Martinez, Michael; Kinney, Brian; Medwig-Kinney, Taylor; Ashley, Guinevere; Ragle, James; Johnson, Londen; Aguilera, Joseph; Hammell, Christopher; Ward, Jordan; Matus, David | Abstract: ABSTRACT As developmental biologists in the age of genome editing, we now have access to an ever-increasing array of tools to manipulate endogenous gene expression. The Auxin-inducible degradation system, allows for spatial and temporal control of protein degradation, functioning through the activity of a hormone-inducible Arabidopsis F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1). In the presence of Auxin, TIR1 serves as a substrate recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF), ubiquitinating Auxin-inducible degron (AID)-tagged proteins for proteasomal degradation. Here, we optimize the Caenorhabditis elegans AID method, utilizing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), an indole-free Synthetic analog of the natural Auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). We take advantage of the photostability of NAA to demonstrate via quantitative high-resolution microscopy that rapid degradation of target proteins can be detected in single cells within 30 minutes of exposure. Additionally, we show that NAA works robustly in both standard growth media and physiological buffer. We also demonstrate that K-NAA, the water-soluble, potassium salt of NAA, can be combined with microfluidics for targeted protein degradation in C. elegans larvae. We provide insight into how the AID system functions in C. elegans by determining that TIR1 interacts with C. elegans SKR-1/2, CUL-1, and RBX-1 to degrade target proteins. Finally, we present highly penetrant defects from NAA-mediated degradation of the Ftz-F1 nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-25, during C. elegans uterine-vulval development. Together, this work provides a conceptual improvement to the AID system for dissecting gene function at the single-cell level during C. elegans development.
Mark J Howard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
identity and activity of 2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolites in wild radish raphanus raphanistrum
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Danica E. Goggin, Gareth L Nealon, Gregory R Cawthray, Adrian Scaffidi, Stephen B Powles, Mark J Howard, Gavin R. FlemattiAbstract:Synthetic Auxin herbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), are widely used for selective control of broadleaf weeds in cereals and transgenic crops. Although the troublesome weed wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) has developed resistance to 2,4-D, no populations have yet displayed an enhanced capacity for metabolic detoxification of the herbicide, with both susceptible and resistant wild radish plants readily metabolizing 2,4-D. Using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the major 2,4-D metabolite was identified as the glucose ester, and its structure was confirmed by synthesis. As expected, both the endogenous and Synthetic compounds retained Auxin activity in a bioassay. The lack of detectable 2,4-D hydroxylation in wild radish and the lability of the glucose ester suggest that metabolic 2,4-D resistance is unlikely to develop in this species.
