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German Mariano Gasparini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unraveling the nomenclatural puzzle of the collared and white-lipped peccaries (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla, Tayassuidae).
Zootaxa, 2020Co-Authors: Luis E. Acosta, German Mariano Gasparini, Guilherme S. T. Garbino, Rodrigo Parisi DutraAbstract:The nomenclatural history of the collared and white-lipped peccaries, two well-recognized taxonomic entities, has been confusing. From the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, several genera were created, most of them without an explicit designation of type species. Due to differing opinions as to whether the two species should be included in a single genus or, if separate genera were recognized, which generic name should be applied to each of the two taxa, the validity of generic and specific names oscillated until even recently. This paper aims to solve these nomenclatural issues by reviewing the different taxonomic arrangements of these two peccaries and applying appropriately the International Code on Zoological Nomenclature. We contend that the valid generic name for the white-lipped peccary is Tayassu Fischer, 1814 (type Sus pecari Link, 1795), while Dicotyles Cuvier, 1816 (type Dicotyles torquatus Cuvier, 1816) is the valid genus for the collared peccary, with Pecari Reichenbach, 1835 as its junior synonym.
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Parachoerus carlesi (Mammalia, Tayassuidae) in the Late Pleistocene (northern Argentina, South America): paleoecological and palaeobiogeographic considerations
Historical Biology, 2017Co-Authors: German Mariano Gasparini, Rodrigo Parisi Dutra, Guillermo Nicolás Lamenza, Eduardo P. Tonni, Agustin RuellaAbstract:AbstractThe Tayassuidae is one of the first families of North American immigrant mammals that arrived into South America during the ‘Great American Biotic Interchange’. They have been found associa...
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phylogenetic systematics of peccaries Tayassuidae artiodactyla and a classification of south american tayassuids
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2017Co-Authors: Rodrigo Parisi Dutra, Daniel M Casali, Rafaela Velloso Missagia, German Mariano Gasparini, Fernando A Perini, Mario Alberto CozzuolAbstract:Tayassuidae is a family of pig-like Artiodactyla restricted to the New World. Despite its rich fossil history, they have received less attention from a taxonomic and phylogenetic perspective when compared to the Old World pigs, Suidae. In this study, we performed a computer assisted phylogenetic analysis using morphological and molecular data including fossil and extant Tayassuidae, using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We recovered the monophyly of the family Tayassuidae, confirming previous proposals, as well as the monophyly of the subfamilies Hesperhyinae and Tayassuinae, and the genus Platygonus, which we placed in a new taxon of tribe level. The three living peccaries and a number of fossil species belong to a new, tribe level, monophyletic group. The genus Catagonus comes out as paraphyletic, leading us to propose to restrict the generic name to the type species, C. metropolitanus, and a new taxonomic arrangement for the remaining species previously included in it, revalidating the genera Brasiliochoerus and Parachoerus, and describing a new genus, Protherohyus, gen. nov.
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records and stratigraphical ranges of south american Tayassuidae mammalia artiodactyla
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2013Co-Authors: German Mariano GaspariniAbstract:Tayassuidae represent one of the first mammalian immigrants that entered South America during the “Great American Biotic Interchange.” However, the exact moment of its arrival for the first time in South America is controversial. Three genera are recognized in South America: Platygonus, Catagonus, and Tayassu. This paper aims to: (1) review the paleontological record of the South American Tayassuidae and update it; and (2) discuss its geographical and statigraphical distribution pattern in South America. The genus Platygonus (middle Pliocene to early Pleistocene) is registered in Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, and Bolivia; Catagonus (late Pliocene? to Recent) in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, and Bolivia; and Tayassu (middle Pleistocene to Recent) in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Platygonus and Catagonus have adaptations to dry and relatively open environments; in contrast, Tayassu is adapted mainly to humid climates and woodland and forest environments. The faunal changes that took place since the middle-late Pliocene could have been strongly influenced by climate. Open and arid environments developed during the glacial cycles, allowing the latitudinal expansion of Platygonus and Catagonus. Considering ecological and anatomical information, it is possible to infer that Platygonus species were replaced by those of Catagonus since the middle Pleistocene, probably due to a reduction of the open environments to which Platygonus species were better adapted. The alternation of these mainly arid or semiarid, cold conditions with warmer and more humid short pulses would have allowed the posterior expansion of Tayassu species. According to phylogenetic analysis and chronological as well as geographical evidence, Platygonus and Catagonus represent two Tayassuidae lineages that originated in North America and then migrated to South America. This migration would have occurred on more than one occasion and with different taxa. Evidence indicates that Tayassu represents a lineage that differentiated in the Southern Hemisphere and then migrated to North America.
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The Chacoan peccary, Catagonus wagneri (Mammalia, Tayassuidae), in the late Pleistocene (northern Uruguay, South America): paleoecological and paleobiogeographic considerations
Historical Biology, 2013Co-Authors: German Mariano Gasparini, Martín Ubilla, Eduardo P. TonniAbstract:Catagonus wagneri has the most restricted geographical distribution among extant Tayassuidae and inhabited semi-arid thorny forests of dry Chaco in Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina. Until now, C. wagneri has only been recorded in archaeological, pre-Hispanic deposits from the Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina. A new partially complete skull from the Sopas Formation (Late Pleistocene; Uruguay) is identified as C. wagneri. This is the only fossil record of the species which extends its biochron until the late Pleistocene, and the first one substantially far from its current range; the first fossil record of the species in Uruguay; the most complete fossil material of the species; and it provides relevant ecological and climatic information. According to the ecological and climatic available information of C. wagneri, the presence of this mammal in the late Pleistocene of northern Uruguay indicates a warm climate and arid to semi-arid environments. Even though not associated with the fossil remains of C...
Gasparini, Germán Mariano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenetic Systematics of Peccaries (Tayassuidae: Artiodactyla) and a Classification of South American Tayassuids
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Parisi Dutra Rodrigo, Casali, Danield Melo, Missagia, Rafaela Velloso, Gasparini, Germán Mariano, Perini, Fernando Araujo, Cozzuol, Mario AlbertoAbstract:Tayassuidae is a family of pig-like Artiodactyla restricted to the New World. Despite its rich fossil history, they have received less attention from a taxonomic and phylogenetic perspective when compared to the Old World pigs, Suidae. In this study, we performed a computer assisted phylogenetic analysis using morphological and molecular data including fossil and extant Tayassuidae, using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We recovered the monophyly of the family Tayassuidae, confirming previous proposals, as well as the monophyly of the subfamilies Hesperhyinae and Tayassuinae, and the genus Platygonus, which we placed in a new taxon of tribe level. The three living peccaries and a number of fossil species belong to a new, tribe level, monophyletic group. The genus Catagonus comes out as paraphyletic, leading us to propose to restrict the generic name to the type species, C. metropolitanus, and a new taxonomic arrangement for the remaining species previously included in it, revalidating the genera Brasiliochoerus and Parachoerus, and describing a new genus, Protherohyus, gen. nov.Fil: Parisi Dutra, Rodrigo. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Casali, Danield Melo. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Missagia, Rafaela Velloso. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Gasparini, Germán Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Perini, Fernando Araujo. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Cozzuol, Mario Alberto. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasi
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Records and stratigraphical ranges of South American Tayassuidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla).
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2013Co-Authors: Gasparini, Germán MarianoAbstract:Tayassuidae represent one of the first mammalian immigrants that entered South America during the “Great American Biotic Interchange.” However, the exact moment of its arrival for the first time in South America is controversial. Three genera are recognized in South America: Platygonus, Catagonus, and Tayassu. This paper aims to: (1) review the paleontological record of the South American Tayassuidae and update it; and (2) discuss its geographical and statigraphical distribution pattern in South America. The genus Platygonus (middle Pliocene to early Pleistocene) is registered in Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, and Bolivia; Catagonus (late Pliocene? to Recent) in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, and Bolivia; and Tayassu (middle Pleistocene to Recent) in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Platygonus and Catagonus have adaptations to dry and relatively open environments; in contrast, Tayassu is adapted mainly to humid climates and woodland and forest environments. The faunal changes that took place since the middle-late Pliocene could have been strongly influenced by climate. Open and arid environments developed during the glacial cycles, allowing the latitudinal expansion of Platygonus and Catagonus. Considering ecological and anatomical information, it is possible to infer that Platygonus species were replaced by those of Catagonus since the middle Pleistocene, probably due to a reduction of the open environments to which Platygonus species were better adapted. The alternation of these mainly arid or semiarid, cold conditions with warmer and more humid short pulses would have allowed the posterior expansion of Tayassu species. According to phylogenetic analysis and chronological as well as geographical evidence, Platygonus and Catagonus represent two Tayassuidae lineages that originated in North America and then migrated to South America. This migration would have occurred on more than one occasion and with different taxa. Evidence indicates that Tayassu represents a lineage that differentiated in the Southern Hemisphere and then migrated to North America.Fil: Gasparini, Germán Mariano. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
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The “Living Fossil” Peccary, Catagonus wagneri (Tayassuidae), and Its Climatic Significance during the Pleistocene and Holocene
Centre Studies First Americans, 2011Co-Authors: Gasparini, Germán Mariano, Soibelzon Esteban, Tonni, Eduardo Pedro, Ubilla MartínAbstract:The Tayassuidae first expanded their range into North America from Eurasia and then extended into South America during the “Great American Biotic Interchange,” becoming one of the first North American mammalian immigrants. Three genera are recognized in South America: Platygonus Le Conte (middle Pliocene to early Pleistocene), Catagonus Ameghino (late Pliocene? early Pleistocene to Recent), and Tayassu Fischer (middle Pleistocene to Recent; see Gasparini et al. 2009, 2010).Fil: Gasparini, Germán Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Soibelzon, Esteban. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Tonni, Eduardo Pedro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Ubilla, Martín. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; Urugua
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El registro de Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795) (Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae) en el Pleistoceno Tardío de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Aspectos biogeográficos y de distribución de una especie en retracción
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Centro de Geociencias, 2011Co-Authors: Gasparini, Germán Mariano, Ferrero, Brenda S., Vezzosi Raúl, Brunetto ErnestoAbstract:The oldest fossil record of Tayassuidae in South America dates of the middle Pliocene (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Since the Pleistocene a signifi cant increase in taxonomic diversity occurred, recorded by numerous discoveries in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Bolivia. Nowadays, at least three extant species are recognized: Tayassu tajacu (Linnaeus), T. pecari (Link) and Catagonus wagneri (Rusconi). The South American fossil record includes Catagonus Ameghino and Tayassu Fischer; Platygonus Le Conte genus is added with only extinct representatives. The present contribution describes the fi rst fossil record of a tayasuid in Tezanos Pinto Formation, Santa Fe province, assigning the material MFA-PV 1172 (lower length tooth series and pm4 right) to Tayassu pecari. This specimen was found in sediments deposited in arid to semiarid environments, under cold and dry climatic conditions during a glacial period, consistent with open environments, typical of savannah, dominated by grasslands. The presence of this species (adapted mainly to humid climates, woodland and forest environments) in sediments deposited under typical climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximun refl ects the great plasticity and wide ecological tolerance, which agrees with its wide current geographical distribution. Also the fossiliferous locality (Las Petacas, San Martín department) is geographically located in the center-west of Santa Fe, clearly away from the current distribution of T. pecari.El registro paleontológico más antiguo de Tayassuidae en América del Sur se remonta al Plioceno medio (Buenos Aires, Argentina). A partir del Pleistoceno se produce un notable incremento en la diversidad taxonómica, registrándose numerosos hallazgos en Argentina, Brasil, Uruguay y Bolivia. Actualmente, se reconocen al menos tres especies vivientes: Tayassu tajacu (Linnaeus), T. pecari (Link) y Catagonus wagneri (Rusconi). Ambos géneros están representados en el registro fósil sudamericano, a los que se les suma el género extinto Platygonus Le Conte. La presente contribución tiene por objetivo dar a conocer el primer registro fósil de un tayasuido en la Formación Tezanos Pinto, provincia de Santa Fe, asignando el material MFA-PV 1172 (serie dentaria inferior izquierda y pm4 derecho) a Tayassu pecari. El espécimen fue hallado en un ambiente de depósito afín a condiciones climáticas áridas a semiáridas frías y secas durante un período glacial, compatibles con ambientes abiertos, típicos de sabana, con predominio de pastizales. La presencia de esta especie (adaptada principalmente a climas húmedos, y a ambientes boscosos y selváticos) en sedimentos depositados bajo condiciones climáticas propias del Último Máximo Glacial, refl eja su gran plasticidad y amplia tolerancia ecológica, lo cual concuerda con su extensa distribución geográfi ca actual. Asimismo, la localidad fosilífera (Las Petacas, departamento San Martín) está ubicada geográfi camente en el centro-oeste de Santa Fe, claramente alejada de la distribución actual de T. pecari
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Sistemática, biogeografía, ecología y bioestratigrafía de los Tayassuidae (Mammalia: artiodactyla) fósiles y actuales de América del Sur, con especial énfasis en las especies fósiles de la provincia de Buenos Aires
'Universidad Nacional de La Plata', 2010Co-Authors: Gasparini, Germán MarianoAbstract:Los Tayassuidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) se habrían diferenciado de su antecesor común con los Suidae durante el Eoceno tardío en Eurasia. A partir de ese momento habrían migrado hacia América del Norte, donde alcanzaron su mayor diversidad. Desde allí migraron hacia América del Sur durante el “Gran Intercambio Biótico Americano” (GIBA), siendo uno de los primeros inmigrantes norteamericanos, detrás de los prociónidos (Mammalia, Carnivora) y roedores cricétidos (Mammalia, Rodentia). Cronológicamente, el primer registro de un tayasúido en América del Sur se remonta a la base del Chapadmalalense superior (Plioceno medio, entre los 3.3 Ma y ca. 4 Ma). En la actualidad los tayasúidos se hallan representados únicamente por tres especies, distribuidas en el continente americano desde el sudoeste de los Estados Unidos hasta el centro de la República Argentina. Sin embargo, la diversidad taxonómica y distribución geográfica de los tayasúidos fueron mayores en el pasado. La mayor diversidad de géneros y especies fósiles de la familia Tayassuidae en América del Sur, se registra en sedimentos aflorantes en Argentina (especialmente en la provincia de Buenos Aires), Brasil, Uruguay, Bolivia, Perú y Colombia. La sistemática de los Tayassuidae fósiles de América del Sur resulta controvertida por varias razones (e.g., determinaciones específicas aisladas, diferente valoración de caracteres diagnósticos, discontinuidad con que han sido estudiados). Ante este panorama, se propuso realizar un nuevo estudio sistemático de la familia, con la utilización de métodos y técnicas modernas de probada eficacia (e.g., sistemática filogenética, análisis multivariado). En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es realizar un estudio sistemático, biogeográfico, ecológico y bioestratigráfico de los Tayassuidae de América del Sur, con especial énfasis en las especies fósiles de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se realizó una recopilación bibliográfica, se reunió material perteneciente a las especies vivientes y fósiles de la familia, se identificaron, redefinieron y delimitaron los taxones, y se realizaron estudios anatómicos que permitieron comprender la diversidad y variabilidad morfológicas del grupo. Se establecieron, por primera vez, las relaciones filogenéticas de los taxones sudamericanos de la familia Tayassuidae utilizando la metodología cladística, considerándose como “ingroup” once taxones de Tayassuidae de América del Sur y como “outgroup” un súido y ocho taxones de tayasúidos de América del Norte. Se analizaron con el programa TNT, 51 caracteres, de los cuales 21 fueron craneanos, 7 mandibulares y 23 dentarios, obteniéndose como resultado dos árboles de máxima parsimonia con los siguientes índices: 0,59690 (CI); 0,77391 (RI); 0,46195 (RCI); 0,55833 (Cis/auto). Asimismo, se realizó un estudio morfométrico multivariado de los taxones actuales de Tayassuidae, utilizándose rasgos craneales, mandibulares y dentarios. Para su tratamiento se empleó el programa NT-SYS. Además, se desarrollaron aspectos referentes al dimorfismo sexual, mediante un método discriminante, con el programa SYSTAT v11. También se analizó la distribución geográfica y estratigráfica de los Tayassuidae, con especial énfasis en aquéllos taxones registrados en Argentina. Asimismo se realizaron algunas consideraciones bioestratigráficas y biogeográficas.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse
Chris Moran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenetic divisions among Collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) detected using mitochondrial and nuclear sequences.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2006Co-Authors: Jaime Gongora, Socorro Morales, Jaime Eduardo Bernal, Chris MoranAbstract:The Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) is one of the three extant recognised species of the family Tayassuidae, living in the Americas. To understand phylogenetic relationships among Collared peccaries, the entire mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b as well as partial nuclear GPIP and PRE-1 P27, PRE-1 P642 and TYR sequences from specimens from Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, United States and Australian zoo animals of unknown origin were analysed. Separate and combined analyses of the mitochondrial sequences provided good resolution of Collared peccary relationships. Nuclear sequences were partially informative when combined sequence analyses were performed. Maximum Likelihood analyses of mitochondrial sequences showed that Collared peccaries clustered in two major clades, representing North-Central American and South American specimens. Collared peccaries from Colombia are paraphyletic. Statistical Parsimony analysis of combined nuclear sequences showed a distribution of DNA variants consistent with mitochondrial sequence analyses. However, there is an uncoupling of nuclear and mitochondrial sequence variation in two specimens from Colombia. The present study suggests the recent contact of isolated populations within Colombia and possible mitochondrial introgression between the North/Central clade and the South clade. Pairwise genetic distances comparison of mitochondrial sequences show that divergence between the two major clades of the Collared peccary was higher and comparable respectively with that within and between the other two recognised peccary species. Divergence between the two major clades of the Collared peccary was also higher than that observed within and even between recognised species of the Suidae family. The divergence within the major clades of the Collared peccary showed comparable values with those observed within the other two species of Tayassuidae and within six species of Suidae. The results show that the geographically widespread and phenotypically diverse Collared peccary consists of two species or at least subspecies with implications for management of wild, zoo and captive populations.
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Nuclear and mitochondrial evolutionary analyses of Collared, White-lipped, and Chacoan peccaries (Tayassuidae).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Jaime Gongora, Chris MoranAbstract:The three extant peccary species, the Chacoan (Catagonus wagneri), the White-lipped (Tayassu pecari) and the Collared (Pecari tajacu), are morphologically and chromosomally distinct and confined to the New World. There is ongoing paleontological, cytogenetic, and molecular debate about phylogenetic relationships among them. To contribute to the understanding of Tayassuidae phylogeny, three mitochondrial (control region, cytochrome b, and 12S rRNA) and five nuclear (K-casein, thyrotropin, tyrosinase, and swine short interspersed nuclear elements PRE-1 P27 and P642) peccary DNA fragments were amplified, cloned and sequenced from Chacoan, White-lipped, and Collared peccaries. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood and neighbor joining methods. K-casein, thyrotropin, and tyrosinase sequences did not resolve the phylogeny, while control region, cytochrome b, 12S rRNA, and PRE-1 P27 and P642 sequences were more informative in deciphering phylogenetic relationships. When pig and warthog were used as an outgroup, Chacoan and White-lipped peccaries clustered distinct from Collared peccaries. Furthermore, control region and cytochrome b sequence variation within Collared peccaries was as extreme as that between White-lipped and Chacoan peccaries, supporting subspecific and possibly even specific variation within the widely distributed Collared peccary. This study supports the existence of two independent genera within the Tayassuidae family consisting of Collared and Chacoan/White-lipped peccaries, in contrast with classical morphological taxonomy which clusters White-lipped and Collared peccaries in the genus Tayassu or which alternatively clusters the Collared peccary in the genus Dicotyles as a related sister clade of the Chacoan peccary (genus Catagonus).
Henrique Guedes-pinto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suiformes orthologous satellite DNAs as a hallmark of Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari (Tayassuidae) evolutionary rearrangements.
Micron (Oxford England : 1993), 2008Co-Authors: Filomena Adega, Raquel Chaves, Henrique Guedes-pintoAbstract:In a broad general way, eukaryotic satellite DNA sequences are characterized by a highly dynamic molecular behavior due to concerted evolution that leads to rapid change between repeat sequences of different species, achieved by amplification of new variants during speciation or by gradual sequence evolution due to the accumulation of nucleotide substitutions. There are, although exceptions for this almost universal rule. We isolated variants from both the Mc1 and Ac2 pig (Sus scrofa, Suidae) satellite DNA families from the genomes of two Tayassuidae members: Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari, which have highly derived karyotypes. The presence of these sequences in both families' genomes (Suidae and Tayassuidae) implies their existence in a common ancestor, what confers to the variants the status of orthology and the approximate age of, at least 40 million years. While at the molecular composition level these orthologous sequences are highly homologous, cross-species physical mapping revealed a completely different chromosomal location in Suidae versus Tayassuidae families, most probably, reflecting the high level of divergence and chromosomes evolution pathways after radiation of each family. Detailed comparative analysis of the satellites assignment on the peccary's chromosomes revealed its co-localization with homologous evolutionary breakpoints in both species, suggesting their involvement in the rearrangement events. The complex behavior of the repeats evolution in the pig/peccaries genomes is here clearly illustrated. These sequences are molecularly preserved for a considerable period of time and display slow rates of sequence change, but show a dynamic motion behavior throughout the peccary's genomes that accompanied the great architectonic reorganization of Tayassuidae chromosomes during evolution.
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High-resolution comparative chromosome painting in the Arizona collared peccary (Pecari tajacu, Tayassuidae): a comparison with the karyotype of pig and sheep
Chromosome Research, 2006Co-Authors: Filomena Adega, Raquel Chaves, Andrea Kofler, Paul R. Krausman, Julio Masabanda, Johannes Wienberg, Henrique Guedes-pintoAbstract:We used chromosome painting with chromosome-specific probes derived from domestic sheep and pig for a high-resolution cytogenetic comparison with the karyotype of collared peccary ( Pecari tajacu sonoriensis ). A reorganization of the karyotype involving at least 62–66 conserved segments were observed between the sheep and collared peccary. This is an extremely high number compared with other members of the same mammalian order (Cetartiodactyla). The comparison between pig and collared peccary, both belonging to the Suiformes, however, revealed various changes in the gross organization of both karyotypes that may have already occurred in a common ancestor of both species suggesting a monophyletic origin of Suidae/Tayassuidae. The sheep probes, however, also revealed several rearrangements between the two Suidae/Tayassuidae, indicating that these probes represent a useful tool for a more detailed analysis of the evolutionary history of Suiformes. Our sample of the collared peccary from North America (Arizona, USA) showed distinct differences to those already described from South America. The chromosome painting results defined a complex translocation that involves chromosomes including about one-quarter of the entire collared peccary karyotype. This considerable rearrangement indicates subspecies or even species status of both peccary populations, as it should present a significant barrier for their hybridization.
Jaime Gongora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Efficiency of heterologous capture for targeted resequencing of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Suidae and Tayassuidae
2012Co-Authors: Jaime Gongora, Nuria Mach, Jordi Estelle, Per Wahlberg, Sylvain Marthey, Jerôme Lecardonnel, Marie-thérèse Bihoreau, Claire Gaillard, Marco MoroldoAbstract:Sequence capture is a widespread and cost effective approach to resequence specific genomic regions on large sets of individuals. To date, this approach has mainly been used to target orthologous loci within the same species ('homologous' capture). Our aim was to test the efficiency of this method across closely or distantly related species ('heterologous' capture). Specifically, we focused on the MHC locus, which is one of the most dynamic regions of mammalian genomes, and a model to study host-pathogen coevolution. A 385K solid phase array (NimbleGen) encompassing the MHC was designed using the Sus scrofa Hp1a.0 haplotype as a reference (http://vega.sanger.ac.uk/index.html). Individuals from 9 species of Suidae (n=69) and 2 species of Tayassuidae (n=19) were selected for the study. Sets of 12 uniquely indexed sequencing libraries were prepared using Illumina kits, pooled, enriched, and sequenced on a HiSeq platform. In Suidae, the average values of coverage and specificity (% on target sequences) were respectively 86x and 32%. Results varied significantly across libraries, e.g. decreasing the number of cycles during PCR steps reduced the percentage of duplicate reads, but without improving specificity. On the other hand, in Tayassuidae both the coverage and the specificity showed lower efficiency. We can conclude that heterologous capture is a reliable technique at the level of Suidae, while in the case of Tayassuidae further optimization will be required to achieve better results. Other analyses are ongoing to test if this method could be suitable to study structural variation.
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Revisiting the species status of Pecari maximus van Roosmalen et al., 2007 (Mammalia) from the Brazilian Amazon
Bonn zoological Bulletin, 2011Co-Authors: Jaime Gongora, Jennifer D. Cooper, Cibele Biondo, Andrew Taber, Alexine Keuroghlian, Mariana Altrichter, Fabrícia F. Nascimento, Amanda Y. Chong, Cristina Yumi Miyaki, Richard E. BodmerAbstract:Three extant species of peccaries (Tayassuidae) are currently recognized and are distributed in the Americas: Pecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari and Catagonus wagneri. The recent claim for a new peccary species, Pecari maximus, rais- es questions about whether there is sufficient molecular or other evidence to support it as a new species. Here, we revis- it that evidence using 91 published and 50 novel DNA sequences mainly from P. tajacu, as well as comment on the mor- phological and ecological evidence used to support such a claim. Phylogenetic analyses show that the single specimen of P. maximus used clustered within the South American lineage of P. tajacu closely related to Brazilian specimens. In addition, the morphological and ecological data used to claim the species status of P. maximus appears to be deficient and inconclusive, in the light of available literature.
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Phylogenetic divisions among Collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) detected using mitochondrial and nuclear sequences.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2006Co-Authors: Jaime Gongora, Socorro Morales, Jaime Eduardo Bernal, Chris MoranAbstract:The Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) is one of the three extant recognised species of the family Tayassuidae, living in the Americas. To understand phylogenetic relationships among Collared peccaries, the entire mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b as well as partial nuclear GPIP and PRE-1 P27, PRE-1 P642 and TYR sequences from specimens from Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, United States and Australian zoo animals of unknown origin were analysed. Separate and combined analyses of the mitochondrial sequences provided good resolution of Collared peccary relationships. Nuclear sequences were partially informative when combined sequence analyses were performed. Maximum Likelihood analyses of mitochondrial sequences showed that Collared peccaries clustered in two major clades, representing North-Central American and South American specimens. Collared peccaries from Colombia are paraphyletic. Statistical Parsimony analysis of combined nuclear sequences showed a distribution of DNA variants consistent with mitochondrial sequence analyses. However, there is an uncoupling of nuclear and mitochondrial sequence variation in two specimens from Colombia. The present study suggests the recent contact of isolated populations within Colombia and possible mitochondrial introgression between the North/Central clade and the South clade. Pairwise genetic distances comparison of mitochondrial sequences show that divergence between the two major clades of the Collared peccary was higher and comparable respectively with that within and between the other two recognised peccary species. Divergence between the two major clades of the Collared peccary was also higher than that observed within and even between recognised species of the Suidae family. The divergence within the major clades of the Collared peccary showed comparable values with those observed within the other two species of Tayassuidae and within six species of Suidae. The results show that the geographically widespread and phenotypically diverse Collared peccary consists of two species or at least subspecies with implications for management of wild, zoo and captive populations.
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Nuclear and mitochondrial evolutionary analyses of Collared, White-lipped, and Chacoan peccaries (Tayassuidae).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Jaime Gongora, Chris MoranAbstract:The three extant peccary species, the Chacoan (Catagonus wagneri), the White-lipped (Tayassu pecari) and the Collared (Pecari tajacu), are morphologically and chromosomally distinct and confined to the New World. There is ongoing paleontological, cytogenetic, and molecular debate about phylogenetic relationships among them. To contribute to the understanding of Tayassuidae phylogeny, three mitochondrial (control region, cytochrome b, and 12S rRNA) and five nuclear (K-casein, thyrotropin, tyrosinase, and swine short interspersed nuclear elements PRE-1 P27 and P642) peccary DNA fragments were amplified, cloned and sequenced from Chacoan, White-lipped, and Collared peccaries. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood and neighbor joining methods. K-casein, thyrotropin, and tyrosinase sequences did not resolve the phylogeny, while control region, cytochrome b, 12S rRNA, and PRE-1 P27 and P642 sequences were more informative in deciphering phylogenetic relationships. When pig and warthog were used as an outgroup, Chacoan and White-lipped peccaries clustered distinct from Collared peccaries. Furthermore, control region and cytochrome b sequence variation within Collared peccaries was as extreme as that between White-lipped and Chacoan peccaries, supporting subspecific and possibly even specific variation within the widely distributed Collared peccary. This study supports the existence of two independent genera within the Tayassuidae family consisting of Collared and Chacoan/White-lipped peccaries, in contrast with classical morphological taxonomy which clusters White-lipped and Collared peccaries in the genus Tayassu or which alternatively clusters the Collared peccary in the genus Dicotyles as a related sister clade of the Chacoan peccary (genus Catagonus).
