The Experts below are selected from a list of 3501 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rebecca Saxe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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live face to face interaction during fmri a new tool for social cognitive neuroscience
NeuroImage, 2010Co-Authors: Elizabeth Redcay, David Dodellfeder, Mark Pearrow, Penelope L Mavros, M Kleiner, John D E Gabrieli, Rebecca SaxeAbstract:Cooperative social interaction is critical for human social development and learning. Despite the importance of social interaction, previous neuroimaging studies lack two fundamental components of everyday face-to-face interactions: contingent responding and joint attention. In the current studies, functional MRI data were collected while participants interacted with a human experimenter face-to-face via live video feed as they engaged in simple cooperative games. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in a live interaction with the experimenter ("Live") or watched a video of the same interaction ("Recorded"). During the "Live" interaction, as compared to the Recorded conditions, greater activation was seen in brain regions involved in social cognition and reward, including the right Temporoparietal Junction (rTPJ), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right superior temporal sulcus (rSTS), ventral striatum, and amygdala. Experiment 2 isolated joint attention, a critical component of social interaction. Participants either followed the gaze of the live experimenter to a shared target of attention ("Joint Attention") or found the target of attention alone while the experimenter was visible but not sharing attention ("Solo Attention"). The right Temporoparietal Junction and right posterior STS were differentially recruited during Joint, as compared to Solo, attention. These findings suggest the rpSTS and rTPJ are key regions for both social interaction and joint attention. This method of allowing online, contingent social interactions in the scanner could open up new avenues of research in social cognitive neuroscience, both in typical and atypical populations.
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disruption of the right Temporoparietal Junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Liane Young, Joan A Camprodon, Marc D Hauser, Alvaro Pascualleone, Rebecca SaxeAbstract:When we judge an action as morally right or wrong, we rely on our capacity to infer the actor's mental states (e.g., beliefs, intentions). Here, we test the hypothesis that the right Temporoparietal Junction (RTPJ), an area involved in mental state reasoning, is necessary for making moral judgments. In two experiments, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to disrupt neural activity in the RTPJ transiently before moral judgment (experiment 1, offline stimulation) and during moral judgment (experiment 2, online stimulation). In both experiments, TMS to the RTPJ led participants to rely less on the actor's mental states. A particularly striking effect occurred for attempted harms (e.g., actors who intended but failed to do harm): Relative to TMS to a control site, TMS to the RTPJ caused participants to judge attempted harms as less morally forbidden and more morally permissible. Thus, interfering with activity in the RTPJ disrupts the capacity to use mental states in moral judgment, especially in the case of attempted harms.
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the neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007Co-Authors: Liane Young, Fiery Cushma, Marc D Hause, Rebecca SaxeAbstract:Is the basis of criminality an act that causes harm, or an act undertaken with the belief that one will cause harm? The present study takes a cognitive neuroscience approach to investigating how information about an agent's beliefs and an action's consequences contribute to moral judgment. We build on prior developmental evidence showing that these factors contribute differentially to the young child's moral judgments coupled with neurobiological evidence suggesting a role for the right Temporoparietal Junction (RTPJ) in belief attribution. Participants read vignettes in a 2 × 2 design: protagonists produced either a negative or neutral outcome based on the belief that they were causing the negative outcome (“negative” belief) or the neutral outcome (“neutral” belief). The RTPJ showed significant activation above baseline for all four conditions but was modulated by an interaction between belief and outcome. Specifically, the RTPJ response was highest for cases of attempted harm, where protagonists were condemned for actions that they believed would cause harm to others, even though the harm did not occur. The results not only suggest a general role for belief attribution during moral judgment, but also add detail to our understanding of the interaction between these processes at both the neural and behavioral levels.
Maurizio Corbetta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the evolution of the Temporoparietal Junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus
Cortex, 2019Co-Authors: Gaurav H Patel, Carlo Sestieri, Maurizio CorbettaAbstract:The scale at which humans can handle complex social situations is massively increased compared to other animals. However, the neural substrates of this scaling remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss how the expansion and rearrangement of the Temporoparietal Junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS) may have played a key role in the growth of human social abilities. Comparing the function and anatomy of the TPJ-pSTS in humans and macaques, which are thought to be separated by 25 million years of evolution, we find that the expansion of this region in humans has shifted the architecture of the dorsal and ventral processing streams. The TPJ-pSTS contains areas related to face-emotion processing, attention, theory of mind operations, and memory; its expansion has allowed for the elaboration and rearrangement of the cortical areas contained within, and potentially the introduction of new cortical areas. Based on the arrangement and the function of these areas in the human, we propose that the TPJ-pSTS is the basis of a third frontoparietal processing stream that underlies the increased social abilities in humans. We then describe a model of how the TPJ-pSTS areas interact as a hub that coordinates the activities of multiple brain networks in the exploration of the complex dynamic social scenes typical of the human social experience.
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voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex
Nature Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: Maurizio Corbetta, Michelle J Kincade, John M Ollinger, Marc P Mcavoy, Gordon L ShulmanAbstract:Human ability to attend to visual stimuli based on their spatial locations requires the parietal cortex. One hypothesis maintains that parietal cortex controls the voluntary orienting of attention toward a location of interest. Another hypothesis emphasizes its role in reorienting attention toward visual targets appearing at unattended locations. Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance (ER-fMRI), we show that distinct parietal regions mediated these different attentional processes. Cortical activation occurred primarily in the intraparietal sulcus when a location was attended before visual-target presentation, but in the right Temporoparietal Junction when the target was detected, particularly at an unattended location.
Karen D Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lateralization in intrinsic functional connectivity of the Temporoparietal Junction with salience and attention related brain networks
Journal of Neurophysiology, 2012Co-Authors: Mojgan Hodaie, Aaron Kucyi, Karen D DavisAbstract:Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the right Temporoparietal Junction (TPJ) is activated during detection of salient stimuli, including pain, in the sensory environment. Right TPJ damage m...
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hemispheric asymmetry in white matter connectivity of the Temporoparietal Junction with the insula and prefrontal cortex
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Aaron Kucyi, Massieh Moayedi, Irit Weissmanfogel, Mojgan Hodaie, Karen D DavisAbstract:The Temporoparietal Junction (TPJ) is a key node in the brain's ventral attention network (VAN) that is involved in spatial awareness and detection of salient sensory stimuli, including pain. The anatomical basis of this network's right-lateralized organization is poorly understood. Here we used diffusion-weighted MRI and probabilistic tractography to compare the strength of white matter connections emanating from the right versus left TPJ to target regions in both hemispheres. Symmetry of structural connectivity was evaluated for connections between TPJ and target regions that are key cortical nodes in the right VAN (insula and inferior frontal gyrus) as well as target regions that are involved in salience and/or pain (putamen, cingulate cortex, thalamus). We found a rightward asymmetry in connectivity strength between the TPJ and insula in healthy human subjects who were scanned with two different sets of diffusion-weighted MRI acquisition parameters. This rightward asymmetry in TPJ-insula connectivity was stronger in females than in males. There was also a leftward asymmetry in connectivity strength between the TPJ and inferior frontal gyrus, consistent with previously described lateralization of language pathways. The rightward lateralization of the pathway between the TPJ and insula supports previous findings on the roles of these regions in stimulus-driven attention, sensory awareness, interoception and pain. The findings also have implications for our understanding of acute and chronic pains and stroke-induced spatial hemineglect.
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a multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment
Nature Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: Jonathan Downar, Adrian P Crawley, David J Mikulis, Karen D DavisAbstract:Sensory stimuli undergoing sudden changes draw attention and preferentially enter our awareness. We used event-related functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify brain regions responsive to changes in visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. Unimodally responsive areas included visual, auditory and somatosensory association cortex. Multimodally responsive areas comprised a right-lateralized network including the Temporoparietal Junction, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and left cingulate and supplementary motor areas. These results reveal a distributed, multimodal network for involuntary attention to events in the sensory environment. This network contains areas thought to underlie the P300 event-related potential and closely corresponds to the set of cortical regions damaged in patients with hemineglect syndromes.
Gaurav H Patel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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failure to engage the Temporoparietal Junction posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts impaired naturalistic social cognition in schizophrenia
Brain, 2021Co-Authors: Gaurav H Patel, Sophie C Arkin, Daniel Ruizbetancourt, Fabiola I Plaza, Safia A Mirza, Daniel J Vieira, Nicole E Strauss, Casimir Klim, Juan Sanchezpena, Laura P BartelAbstract:Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition. However, the neural correlates of these deficits remain unclear. Here we use naturalistic stimuli to examine the role of the right Temporoparietal Junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS)-an integrative hub for the cortical networks pertinent to the understanding complex social situations-in social inference, a key component of social cognition, in schizophrenia. 27 schizophrenia participants (SzP) and 21 healthy controls watched a clip of the movie "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly" while high resolution multiband fMRI images were collected. We used inter-subject correlation (ISC) to measure the evoked activity, which we then compared to social cognition as measured by The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). We also compared between groups the TPJ-pSTS BOLD activity 1) relationship with the motion content in the movie, 2) synchronization with other cortical areas involved in the viewing of the movie, and 3) relationship with the frequency of saccades made during the movie. Activation deficits were greatest in middle TPJ (TPJm) and correlated significantly with impaired TASIT performance across groups. Follow-up analyses of the TPJ-pSTS revealed decreased synchronization with other cortical areas, decreased correlation with the motion content of the movie, and decreased correlation with the saccades made during the movie. The functional impairment of the TPJm, a hub area in the middle of the TPJ-pSTS, predicts deficits in social inference in SzP by disrupting the integration of visual motion processing into the TPJ. This disrupted integration then affects the use of the TPJ to guide saccades during the visual scanning of the movie clip. These findings suggest that the TPJ may be a treatment target for improving deficits in a key component of social cognition in SzP.
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the evolution of the Temporoparietal Junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus
Cortex, 2019Co-Authors: Gaurav H Patel, Carlo Sestieri, Maurizio CorbettaAbstract:The scale at which humans can handle complex social situations is massively increased compared to other animals. However, the neural substrates of this scaling remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss how the expansion and rearrangement of the Temporoparietal Junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS) may have played a key role in the growth of human social abilities. Comparing the function and anatomy of the TPJ-pSTS in humans and macaques, which are thought to be separated by 25 million years of evolution, we find that the expansion of this region in humans has shifted the architecture of the dorsal and ventral processing streams. The TPJ-pSTS contains areas related to face-emotion processing, attention, theory of mind operations, and memory; its expansion has allowed for the elaboration and rearrangement of the cortical areas contained within, and potentially the introduction of new cortical areas. Based on the arrangement and the function of these areas in the human, we propose that the TPJ-pSTS is the basis of a third frontoparietal processing stream that underlies the increased social abilities in humans. We then describe a model of how the TPJ-pSTS areas interact as a hub that coordinates the activities of multiple brain networks in the exploration of the complex dynamic social scenes typical of the human social experience.
Liane Young - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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disruption of the right Temporoparietal Junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Liane Young, Joan A Camprodon, Marc D Hauser, Alvaro Pascualleone, Rebecca SaxeAbstract:When we judge an action as morally right or wrong, we rely on our capacity to infer the actor's mental states (e.g., beliefs, intentions). Here, we test the hypothesis that the right Temporoparietal Junction (RTPJ), an area involved in mental state reasoning, is necessary for making moral judgments. In two experiments, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to disrupt neural activity in the RTPJ transiently before moral judgment (experiment 1, offline stimulation) and during moral judgment (experiment 2, online stimulation). In both experiments, TMS to the RTPJ led participants to rely less on the actor's mental states. A particularly striking effect occurred for attempted harms (e.g., actors who intended but failed to do harm): Relative to TMS to a control site, TMS to the RTPJ caused participants to judge attempted harms as less morally forbidden and more morally permissible. Thus, interfering with activity in the RTPJ disrupts the capacity to use mental states in moral judgment, especially in the case of attempted harms.
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the neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007Co-Authors: Liane Young, Fiery Cushma, Marc D Hause, Rebecca SaxeAbstract:Is the basis of criminality an act that causes harm, or an act undertaken with the belief that one will cause harm? The present study takes a cognitive neuroscience approach to investigating how information about an agent's beliefs and an action's consequences contribute to moral judgment. We build on prior developmental evidence showing that these factors contribute differentially to the young child's moral judgments coupled with neurobiological evidence suggesting a role for the right Temporoparietal Junction (RTPJ) in belief attribution. Participants read vignettes in a 2 × 2 design: protagonists produced either a negative or neutral outcome based on the belief that they were causing the negative outcome (“negative” belief) or the neutral outcome (“neutral” belief). The RTPJ showed significant activation above baseline for all four conditions but was modulated by an interaction between belief and outcome. Specifically, the RTPJ response was highest for cases of attempted harm, where protagonists were condemned for actions that they believed would cause harm to others, even though the harm did not occur. The results not only suggest a general role for belief attribution during moral judgment, but also add detail to our understanding of the interaction between these processes at both the neural and behavioral levels.
