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Alison Cox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • coleoptera from late medieval smoke blackened Thatch sbt their archaeological implications
    Environmental Archaeology, 1999
    Co-Authors: David Smith, John Letts, Alison Cox
    Abstract:

    AbstractDistinctive assemblages of Coleoptera (beetles) recovered from seven samples of smoke-blackened Thatch (SBT)from a range of late medieval roofs in the south of England are listed. The age, ecology and possible origins of this fauna are discussed. Although its precise origin is known, it is suggested that its occurrence is not limited to Thatch, and so cannot be used as a 'finger print' for Thatch per se. A find of Sitophilus granarius, the 'granary weevil', suggests that Thatch may represent another route by which this species has been incorporated into the archaeological record.

S. Raturi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thatch and soil characteristics of cool- and warm-season turfgrasses
    Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2005
    Co-Authors: S. Raturi, M. J. Carroll, K. R. Islam, Robert L Hill
    Abstract:

    Abstract Turfgrass Thatch development is a direct consequence of an imbalance between growth and decomposition of organic residues. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of Thatch and the underlying soil in a three-year-old stand of Southshore creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and a six-year-old stand of Meyer zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.). Intact Thatch + soil cores were randomly collected from the two sites for Thatch and soil bulk density and total porosity determinations. Disturbed samples of Thatch and soil were processed and analyzed for total microbial biomass carbon (C); basal and specific maintenance respiration rates; total C, nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H) contents; easily mineralizable, soluble, oxidizable and lignin C fractions, and organic matter quality. While the total microbial biomass C content and basal respiration rates were higher in Thatches, the specific maintenance respiration rates were significantly lower in soils. Total, soluble, oxidizable ...

  • carbaryl 2 4 d and triclopyr adsorption in Thatch soil ecosystems
    Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes, 2005
    Co-Authors: S. Raturi, K. R. Islam, M J Caroll, R L Hill
    Abstract:

    Thatch development in intensively managed turf sites may cause environmental concerns for greater sorption or leaching of applied chemicals in terrestrial ecosystems. To determine the adsorption potential of Carbaryl (1-Napthyl N-methylcarbamate), 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid), and Triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) in turf ecosystems, composite Thatch and underlying soil samples from three- and six-year-old stands of cool-season Southshore creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) and warm-season Meyer zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were collected. The samples were processed and analyzed for total organic carbon (COrg); extractable (CExt), humic (CHA) and fulvic acid (CFA); anthrone reactive nonhumic carbon (ARC) fractions; and CHA and CFA associated iron (Fe) contents. Pesticide adsorption capacity (K f ) and intensity (1/n), organic carbon partition coefficient (K OC ) and Gibbs free energy change (Δ G) were calculated for Thatch materials and the underlying soils...

  • turfgrass Thatch effects on pesticide leaching a laboratory and modeling study
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 2003
    Co-Authors: S. Raturi, M. J. Carroll, R L Hill
    Abstract:

    Process-based models are frequently used to assess the water quality impacts of turfgrass management emanating from proposed or existing golf courses. Thatch complicates the prediction of pesticide transport because surface-applied pesticides must pass through an organic-rich layer before entering the soil. This study was conducted to (i) compare the use of a linear equilibrium model (LEM) and two-site nonequilibrium (2SNE) model to predict pesticide transport through soil and Thatch + soil columns, and (ii) evaluate Thatch effects on pesticide transport through soil columns with a volume-averaging approach. Pesticide breakthrough curves were obtained for soil and Thatch + soil columns from a 1 cm h(-1) flux applied one day after applying triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) and carbaryl (1-napthyl-methyl carbamate). Pesticide and bromide transport parameters indicated that nonequilibrium processes were affecting pesticide transport. Columns containing zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) Thatch had lower triclopyr and carbaryl leaching losses than did soil-only columns, although total reductions attributable to Thatch did not exceed 15% of the applied pesticide. When laboratory-based retardation factors were used, the 2SNE model explained 88 to 93% of the variability for triclopyr and 70 to 94% of the variability for carbaryl. Laboratory-based retardation factors performed well in a 2SNE model to predict the peak concentration and tailing behavior of triclopyr and carbaryl with a volume-averaging approach. These results suggest that separate representation of the Thatch layer in process-based models is not a prerequisite to obtain reasonable estimates of pesticide transport under steady state flow conditions.

  • Modeling Dicamba Sorption and Transport Through Zoysiagrass Thatch and Soil
    Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2001
    Co-Authors: S. Raturi, Robert L Hill, M. J. Carroll
    Abstract:

    The presence of turfgrass Thatch complicates the sorption and transport of water soluble pesticides because the surface-applied pesticides must pass through an organic-rich Thatch layer prior to entering the soil. The study was conducted (1) to determine the impact of zoysiagrass Thatch (Zoy-sia japonica Steud.) on dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy benzoic acid) transport through soil columns, and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of linear equilibrium (LEM), two site nonequilibrium (2SNE) and one site nonequilibrium (1SNE) models to predict dicamba transport through columns containing a surface layer of Thatch and columns devoid of Thatch. The equilibrium sorption isotherms of 14C dicamba to homogenized samples of zoysiagrass Thatch and a Sassafras loamy sand soil (fine loamy, mixed mesic, Typic Hapludult) were determined. Following the application of bromide to determine transport parameters, 0.56 kg dicamba ha−1 was surface applied to undisturbed soil columns containing a surface layer of Thatch and colu...

Nicole A Molinari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • where have all the wildflowers gone the role of exotic grass Thatch
    Biological Invasions, 2020
    Co-Authors: Nicole A Molinari, Carla M Dantonio
    Abstract:

    Invasion by exotic plant species can profoundly affect native plant species performance and the inferred proximate cause is typically competition. We used invaded grasslands in the semi-arid Western USA to separate resource competition from structural interference of an exotic grass on native forb performance, specifically evaluating the role of competition from living vegetation versus litter accumulation (hereafter, Thatch). We simultaneously tested whether a positive Thatch-feedback exists for the dominant exotic grass species, Bromus diandrus. Thatch and B. diandrus density were manipulated and coupled with native seed addition to separate the effect of B. diandrus competition relative to Thatch accumulation. To determine the response of native forb species and B. diandrus to varying Thatch abundance, we created a gradient of Thatch densities and measured species response, soil moisture and light availability. The Thatch of B. diandrus greatly reduced native forb performance (number of individuals and biomass) and resulted in near complete exclusion of many species. The effect of living B. diandrus density on native forb performance was minimal and inconsistent. Forb performance and light availability both exhibited exponential declines with Thatch build-up suggesting that light reduction is a primary mechanism through which Thatch affects forbs. Simultaneous with forb suppression, B. diandrus performance was positively affected by Thatch, consistent with a positive feedback initiated by invasion of this species. Our results demonstrate that Thatch accumulation, rather than competition for resources, is the primary cause of native species decline in grasslands invaded by this exotic annual grass. In addition, the dominance of B. diandrus in many invaded grasslands may be reinforced through a positive Thatch-feedback and require active management, such as grazing or fire, to be broken.

April Spedding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Dominique De Moulins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The weeds from the Thatch roofs of medieval cottages from the south of England
    Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2007
    Co-Authors: Dominique De Moulins
    Abstract:

    Late medieval soot-coated Thatch includes a number of very well preserved weeds as well as cereals or reeds. This paper investigates the weeds from the Thatch roofs of 13 cottages from the south of England. It describes the exceptional preservation of the weeds which include plant parts rarely recorded in archaeological contexts and the information they can give about late medieval ecology and agronomy. One of the main implications of this study is the relation of this material to the usual archaeological samples and the possibility that remains of Thatch may have been missed in past archaeobotanical investigations.

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