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Cristina Truzzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of seawater warming on fatty acid composition and nutritional quality indices of Trematomus Bernacchii from the antarctic region
    Food Chemistry, 2021
    Co-Authors: Pedro Henrique Hermes De Araujo, Cristina Truzzi, Ikram Belghit, Matteo Antonucci
    Abstract:

    There is a growing interest in exploiting Antarctic fisheries for human consumption. However, information on how the nutritional qualities of these resources will respond to the predicted seawater warming in the region for the next century is poor. The present research investigates changes in various nutritional indices of dietary importance (e.g. the ratio polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, the atherogenicity index, the thrombogenicity index, the hypo-cholesterolemic to hyper-cholesterolemic index, the health-promoting index, the flesh lipid quality and the ratio omega-3 to omega-6 index) by determining the fatty acid composition in muscle of Trematomus Bernacchii (an Antarctic fish species) in its natural habitat (-1.87 °C) and warmer temperatures (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 °C). Comparison of the estimated nutritional indices at -1.87 °C with those at warmer temperatures revealed that seawater warming caused changes in the nutritional indices in the range of -12%<Δ < 30%. The observed changes were not statistically significant and ascribed to biological variability. Therefore, the nutritional values of T. Bernacchii muscle were preserved after increasing the temperature of its natural habitat by + 4 °C. The present research is the first report describing the nutritional quality indices for an Antarctic fish species and the consequences of seawater warming on the nutritional value of T. Bernacchii.

  • Modeling the influence of time and temperature on the levels of fatty acids in the liver of Antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii
    Polar Biology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Matteo Antonucci, Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Ikram Belghit, Pedro Araujo
    Abstract:

    Antarctic fish ( Trematomus Bernacchii ) are an ideal group for studying the effect of ocean warming on vital physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation, including changes in the fatty acid composition to higher heat tolerance in the sub-zero waters of the Southern Ocean. Despite the awareness of the impact of ocean warming on marine life, bioclimatic models describing the effect of temperature and time on fatty acid levels in marine species have not been considered yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver from T. Bernacchii in response to an increase in temperature in the Antarctic region. Changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver from T. Bernacchii were observed after varying simultaneously and systematically the temperature and time. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography prior to acclimation (− 1.8 °C) and after acclimation (0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 °C) at different times (1, 5, and 10 days). The observed changes were graphically visualized by expressing the fatty acid concentration in absolute units (mg g^−1) as a function of the temperature and time using polynomial models. Major changes in fatty acid composition were observed at day 1 of exposition at all temperatures. At day 5, the fish seem to tolerate the new temperature condition. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were almost constant throughout the various conditions. The concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (in particular 18:1 n − 9) decrease at day 1 for all temperatures. In contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (in particular 20:5 n − 3 and 22:6 n − 3) with increasing temperatures after 1, 5, and 10 days of exposure. The proposed models were in agreement with reported studies on polar and temperate fish, indicating possibly similar adaptation mechanisms for teleost to cope with global warming.

  • gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis on effects of thermal shock on the fatty acid composition of the gills of the antarctic teleost Trematomus Bernacchii
    Environmental Chemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Matteo Antonucci, G Scarponi, Anna Annibaldi, Silvia Illuminati
    Abstract:

    Environmental context Global warming is an important problem for life on Earth, and there is an increasing need to understand how organisms respond to rising temperatures. We show that an Antarctic fish, the emerald rockcod, can acclimate to thermal shock by modifying the fatty acid composition and total lipid content in its gills. This study contributes to our understanding of how the physiology of Antarctic life could be influenced by climate change. Abstract As a result of rising temperatures in the Antarctic seawater, there is an increasing interest to investigate the capacities for inducing a temperature acclimation response in Antarctic organisms. We analysed the effect of a thermal shock on the fatty acid (FA) composition of gills of the Antarctic notothenioid Trematomus Bernacchii. To perform the quantification of fatty acids in gills, we applied an analytical method based on a fast microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of lipids from a lyophilised sample, a base-catalysed trans-esterification of lipid extract to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and their separation and identification by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The percentage of lipids extracted with MAE preceded by sample lyophilisation, 0.6 ± 0.3 % ww (wet weight), was consistent with the lipids obtained by the official Bligh and Dyer method, 0.8 ± 0.3 % ww. These data are among the first ever published for T. Bernacchii. Specimens, caught in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea), were held in different tanks at 0, +1 and +2 °C, for 1, 5 and 10 days. In general, thermal shock produced an alteration in total lipid content, an increase in the percentage of saturated FAs, a decrease in mono-unsaturated FAs, and a variable response of poly-unsaturated FAs (an increase in specimens exposed to 0 and +1 °C, a decrease in those exposed to +2 °C). A chemometric approach based on principal component analysis indicated that temperature and exposure time influenced the composition of FAs in the gills, probably through an alteration of the metabolic pathways of FAs. This is the first study ever published on the FA composition of total lipids in gills of T. Bernacchii exposed to high temperatures. This study demonstrates that T. Bernacchii is capable of rapidly acclimating to a thermal shock, and contributes to increasing the knowledge on the effect of temperature on Antarctic notothenioids.

  • heat shock influences the fatty acid composition of the muscle of the antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii
    Marine Environmental Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Matteo Antonucci, G Scarponi, Anna Annibaldi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the Ross Sea region (average temperature of −1.87 °C), shelf water warming up to +0.8-+1.4 °C is predicted by 2200, so there is an urgent need to understand how organisms can respond to rising temperatures. In this study, we analyzed the effect of a heat shock on the fatty acid (FAs) composition of muscle of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus Bernacchii, caught in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea), and held in fish tanks at 0, +1 or +2 °C, for 1, 5 and 10 days. In general, heat shock produced, beyond a reduction in total lipid content correlated to the temperature, an increase in the percentage of saturated FAs, and a decrease in mono-unsaturated FAs; however, the level of poly-unsaturated FAs did not seem to directly correlate with temperature. Principal component analysis indicated that both temperature and exposure time affect the composition of FAs in the muscle probably through an alteration of the metabolic pathways of FAs. In this study, we demonstrated that T. Bernacchii was capable to rapidly acclimatize to a heat shock. This study contributes to increasing knowledge on the effect of temperature on the lipid composition of T. Bernacchii and is complementary to previous studies on the gene expression and biochemistry of this species face multiple stressors.

  • quantification of fatty acids in the muscle of antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii by gas chromatography mass spectrometry optimization of the analytical methodology
    Chemosphere, 2017
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Matteo Antonucci, Anna Annibaldi, G Scarponi
    Abstract:

    Abstract This work presents data on the quantification of fatty acids (FAs, in terms of mass unit per tissue weight) in the muscle of Trematomus Bernacchii , a key species in Antarctica, often used as bioindicator for contamination studies. Modifications in fatty acids content should be considered a useful biomarker to study how contaminants affect Antarctic biota. Until now, very few studies quantified fatty acids of muscle of T. Bernacchii , and only as percentage of a single fatty acid on total lipids. To perform the quantification of fatty acids, we used an analytical method based on a fast microwave-assisted extraction of lipids from a lyophilized sample, a base-catalyzed trans-esterification of lipid extract to obtain Fatty Acids Methyl Esters (FAMEs), and a separation and identification of FAMEs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. With the optimized and validated method, a fast and accurate separation of Fatty Acids Methyl Esters was performed in 43 min. The linearity was checked up to about 320 μg mL −1 ; limit of detection and limit of quantification are in the range 4–22 μg mL −1 and 13–66 μg mL −1 , respectively. The optimized method showed a good accuracy and precision. Major fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:1n9, 18:1n7, 20:1n9, 20:5n3 and 22:6n3. Quantified FAs compute for about 47 mg g −1 tissue dry weight (dw), with 9.1 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of saturated FAs, 25.5 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of mono-unsaturated FAs, and 12.2 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of poly-unsaturated FAs.

Julie Mondon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • application of a quantitative histological health index for antarctic rock cod Trematomus Bernacchii from davis station east antarctica
    Marine Environmental Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Patricia A Corbett, Catherine K King, Julie Mondon
    Abstract:

    A quantitative Histological Health Index (HHI) was applied to Antarctic rock cod (Trematomus Bernacchii) using gill, liver, spleen, kidney and gonad to assess the impact of wastewater effluent from Davis Station, East Antarctica. A total of 120 fish were collected from 6 sites in the Prydz Bay region of East Antarctica at varying distances from the wastewater outfall. The HHI revealed a greater severity of alteration in fish at the wastewater outfall, which decreased stepwise with distance. Gill and liver displayed the greatest severity of alteration in fish occurring in close proximity to the wastewater outfall, showing severe and pronounced alteration respectively. Findings of the HHI add to a growing weight of evidence indicating that the current level of wastewater treatment at Davis Station is insufficient to prevent impact to the surrounding environment. The HHI for T. Bernacchii developed in this study is recommended as a useful risk assessment tool for assessing in situ, sub-lethal impacts from station-derived contamination in coastal regions throughout Antarctica.

  • direct evidence of histopathological impacts of wastewater discharge on resident antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii at davis station east antarctica
    Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014
    Co-Authors: Patricia A Corbett, Catherine K King, Jonathan S Stark, Julie Mondon
    Abstract:

    During the 2009/2010 summer, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the wastewater discharge at Davis Station, East Antarctica was completed. As part of this, histological alteration of gill and liver tissue in Antarctic Rock-cod (Trematomus Bernacchii) from four sites along a spatial gradient from the wastewater outfall were assessed. All fish within 800 m of the outfall exhibited significant histological changes in both tissues. Common pathologies observed in fish closest to the outfall include proliferation of epithelial cells with associated secondary lamellar fusion in the gills and multifocal granulomata with inflammation and necrosis as well as cysts in the liver. Fish from sites >800 m from the outfall also exhibited alterations but to a lesser degree, with prevalence and severity decreasing with increasing distance from the outfall. This study highlights the value of histopathological investigations as part of EIAs and provides the first evidence of sub-lethal alteration associated with wastewater discharge in East Antarctica.

  • histological alterations in the antarctic cod Trematomus Bernacchii from davis station east antarctica
    Enviro Tox 2011 : Sharing knowledge for a healthier environment, 2011
    Co-Authors: P Corbett, Julie Mondon, Catherine K King
    Abstract:

    During the summer season 2009/10, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the sewage discharge was conducted at Davis Station in the Vestfold Hills region of East Antarctica. As part of this project, a survey of the histology of liver, gill, gonad and muscle tissues in the Antarctic rock cod Trematomus Bernacchii from nearshore sites in the receiving environment close to Davis Station in was completed. Fish from 4 sites were examined; 1 site adjacent to the Davis Station sewage outfall (within 500 m of the point of discharge), 2 sites approximately 2 km from the outfall (Anchorage Island and Antennae farm), and 1 site approximately 10 km away from the outfall and adjacent to an Adelie penguin population (Kazak Island). All fish sampled from the sewage outfall site exhibited significant histological alterations in all major tissues. Fish from the other 3 sites showed some alterations in either gill and/or liver tissues. Pathological abnormalities present in all fish collected near the sewage outfall included: extensive multifocal cysts of unknown etiology with necrotic liquification; multifocal granuloma with associated inflammation; coagulative necrosis in the liver; and lamellar hyperplasia with associated proliferation and lamella fusion of the gills. Results of this work form part of a weight of evidence approach alongside ecological monitoring, chemical analysis, ecotoxicological testing and dispersal modelling of the discharge plume which is being used to inform and direct upgrades to the Australian Antarctic Divisions operations and current sewage discharge practises at Davis Station.

Matteo Antonucci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of seawater warming on fatty acid composition and nutritional quality indices of Trematomus Bernacchii from the antarctic region
    Food Chemistry, 2021
    Co-Authors: Pedro Henrique Hermes De Araujo, Cristina Truzzi, Ikram Belghit, Matteo Antonucci
    Abstract:

    There is a growing interest in exploiting Antarctic fisheries for human consumption. However, information on how the nutritional qualities of these resources will respond to the predicted seawater warming in the region for the next century is poor. The present research investigates changes in various nutritional indices of dietary importance (e.g. the ratio polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, the atherogenicity index, the thrombogenicity index, the hypo-cholesterolemic to hyper-cholesterolemic index, the health-promoting index, the flesh lipid quality and the ratio omega-3 to omega-6 index) by determining the fatty acid composition in muscle of Trematomus Bernacchii (an Antarctic fish species) in its natural habitat (-1.87 °C) and warmer temperatures (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 °C). Comparison of the estimated nutritional indices at -1.87 °C with those at warmer temperatures revealed that seawater warming caused changes in the nutritional indices in the range of -12%<Δ < 30%. The observed changes were not statistically significant and ascribed to biological variability. Therefore, the nutritional values of T. Bernacchii muscle were preserved after increasing the temperature of its natural habitat by + 4 °C. The present research is the first report describing the nutritional quality indices for an Antarctic fish species and the consequences of seawater warming on the nutritional value of T. Bernacchii.

  • Modeling the influence of time and temperature on the levels of fatty acids in the liver of Antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii
    Polar Biology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Matteo Antonucci, Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Ikram Belghit, Pedro Araujo
    Abstract:

    Antarctic fish ( Trematomus Bernacchii ) are an ideal group for studying the effect of ocean warming on vital physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation, including changes in the fatty acid composition to higher heat tolerance in the sub-zero waters of the Southern Ocean. Despite the awareness of the impact of ocean warming on marine life, bioclimatic models describing the effect of temperature and time on fatty acid levels in marine species have not been considered yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver from T. Bernacchii in response to an increase in temperature in the Antarctic region. Changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver from T. Bernacchii were observed after varying simultaneously and systematically the temperature and time. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography prior to acclimation (− 1.8 °C) and after acclimation (0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 °C) at different times (1, 5, and 10 days). The observed changes were graphically visualized by expressing the fatty acid concentration in absolute units (mg g^−1) as a function of the temperature and time using polynomial models. Major changes in fatty acid composition were observed at day 1 of exposition at all temperatures. At day 5, the fish seem to tolerate the new temperature condition. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were almost constant throughout the various conditions. The concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (in particular 18:1 n − 9) decrease at day 1 for all temperatures. In contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (in particular 20:5 n − 3 and 22:6 n − 3) with increasing temperatures after 1, 5, and 10 days of exposure. The proposed models were in agreement with reported studies on polar and temperate fish, indicating possibly similar adaptation mechanisms for teleost to cope with global warming.

  • gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis on effects of thermal shock on the fatty acid composition of the gills of the antarctic teleost Trematomus Bernacchii
    Environmental Chemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Matteo Antonucci, G Scarponi, Anna Annibaldi, Silvia Illuminati
    Abstract:

    Environmental context Global warming is an important problem for life on Earth, and there is an increasing need to understand how organisms respond to rising temperatures. We show that an Antarctic fish, the emerald rockcod, can acclimate to thermal shock by modifying the fatty acid composition and total lipid content in its gills. This study contributes to our understanding of how the physiology of Antarctic life could be influenced by climate change. Abstract As a result of rising temperatures in the Antarctic seawater, there is an increasing interest to investigate the capacities for inducing a temperature acclimation response in Antarctic organisms. We analysed the effect of a thermal shock on the fatty acid (FA) composition of gills of the Antarctic notothenioid Trematomus Bernacchii. To perform the quantification of fatty acids in gills, we applied an analytical method based on a fast microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of lipids from a lyophilised sample, a base-catalysed trans-esterification of lipid extract to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and their separation and identification by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The percentage of lipids extracted with MAE preceded by sample lyophilisation, 0.6 ± 0.3 % ww (wet weight), was consistent with the lipids obtained by the official Bligh and Dyer method, 0.8 ± 0.3 % ww. These data are among the first ever published for T. Bernacchii. Specimens, caught in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea), were held in different tanks at 0, +1 and +2 °C, for 1, 5 and 10 days. In general, thermal shock produced an alteration in total lipid content, an increase in the percentage of saturated FAs, a decrease in mono-unsaturated FAs, and a variable response of poly-unsaturated FAs (an increase in specimens exposed to 0 and +1 °C, a decrease in those exposed to +2 °C). A chemometric approach based on principal component analysis indicated that temperature and exposure time influenced the composition of FAs in the gills, probably through an alteration of the metabolic pathways of FAs. This is the first study ever published on the FA composition of total lipids in gills of T. Bernacchii exposed to high temperatures. This study demonstrates that T. Bernacchii is capable of rapidly acclimating to a thermal shock, and contributes to increasing the knowledge on the effect of temperature on Antarctic notothenioids.

  • heat shock influences the fatty acid composition of the muscle of the antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii
    Marine Environmental Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Matteo Antonucci, G Scarponi, Anna Annibaldi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the Ross Sea region (average temperature of −1.87 °C), shelf water warming up to +0.8-+1.4 °C is predicted by 2200, so there is an urgent need to understand how organisms can respond to rising temperatures. In this study, we analyzed the effect of a heat shock on the fatty acid (FAs) composition of muscle of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus Bernacchii, caught in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea), and held in fish tanks at 0, +1 or +2 °C, for 1, 5 and 10 days. In general, heat shock produced, beyond a reduction in total lipid content correlated to the temperature, an increase in the percentage of saturated FAs, and a decrease in mono-unsaturated FAs; however, the level of poly-unsaturated FAs did not seem to directly correlate with temperature. Principal component analysis indicated that both temperature and exposure time affect the composition of FAs in the muscle probably through an alteration of the metabolic pathways of FAs. In this study, we demonstrated that T. Bernacchii was capable to rapidly acclimatize to a heat shock. This study contributes to increasing knowledge on the effect of temperature on the lipid composition of T. Bernacchii and is complementary to previous studies on the gene expression and biochemistry of this species face multiple stressors.

  • quantification of fatty acids in the muscle of antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii by gas chromatography mass spectrometry optimization of the analytical methodology
    Chemosphere, 2017
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Matteo Antonucci, Anna Annibaldi, G Scarponi
    Abstract:

    Abstract This work presents data on the quantification of fatty acids (FAs, in terms of mass unit per tissue weight) in the muscle of Trematomus Bernacchii , a key species in Antarctica, often used as bioindicator for contamination studies. Modifications in fatty acids content should be considered a useful biomarker to study how contaminants affect Antarctic biota. Until now, very few studies quantified fatty acids of muscle of T. Bernacchii , and only as percentage of a single fatty acid on total lipids. To perform the quantification of fatty acids, we used an analytical method based on a fast microwave-assisted extraction of lipids from a lyophilized sample, a base-catalyzed trans-esterification of lipid extract to obtain Fatty Acids Methyl Esters (FAMEs), and a separation and identification of FAMEs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. With the optimized and validated method, a fast and accurate separation of Fatty Acids Methyl Esters was performed in 43 min. The linearity was checked up to about 320 μg mL −1 ; limit of detection and limit of quantification are in the range 4–22 μg mL −1 and 13–66 μg mL −1 , respectively. The optimized method showed a good accuracy and precision. Major fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:1n9, 18:1n7, 20:1n9, 20:5n3 and 22:6n3. Quantified FAs compute for about 47 mg g −1 tissue dry weight (dw), with 9.1 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of saturated FAs, 25.5 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of mono-unsaturated FAs, and 12.2 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of poly-unsaturated FAs.

Silvia Illuminati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Modeling the influence of time and temperature on the levels of fatty acids in the liver of Antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii
    Polar Biology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Matteo Antonucci, Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Ikram Belghit, Pedro Araujo
    Abstract:

    Antarctic fish ( Trematomus Bernacchii ) are an ideal group for studying the effect of ocean warming on vital physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation, including changes in the fatty acid composition to higher heat tolerance in the sub-zero waters of the Southern Ocean. Despite the awareness of the impact of ocean warming on marine life, bioclimatic models describing the effect of temperature and time on fatty acid levels in marine species have not been considered yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver from T. Bernacchii in response to an increase in temperature in the Antarctic region. Changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver from T. Bernacchii were observed after varying simultaneously and systematically the temperature and time. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography prior to acclimation (− 1.8 °C) and after acclimation (0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 °C) at different times (1, 5, and 10 days). The observed changes were graphically visualized by expressing the fatty acid concentration in absolute units (mg g^−1) as a function of the temperature and time using polynomial models. Major changes in fatty acid composition were observed at day 1 of exposition at all temperatures. At day 5, the fish seem to tolerate the new temperature condition. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were almost constant throughout the various conditions. The concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (in particular 18:1 n − 9) decrease at day 1 for all temperatures. In contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (in particular 20:5 n − 3 and 22:6 n − 3) with increasing temperatures after 1, 5, and 10 days of exposure. The proposed models were in agreement with reported studies on polar and temperate fish, indicating possibly similar adaptation mechanisms for teleost to cope with global warming.

  • gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis on effects of thermal shock on the fatty acid composition of the gills of the antarctic teleost Trematomus Bernacchii
    Environmental Chemistry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Matteo Antonucci, G Scarponi, Anna Annibaldi, Silvia Illuminati
    Abstract:

    Environmental context Global warming is an important problem for life on Earth, and there is an increasing need to understand how organisms respond to rising temperatures. We show that an Antarctic fish, the emerald rockcod, can acclimate to thermal shock by modifying the fatty acid composition and total lipid content in its gills. This study contributes to our understanding of how the physiology of Antarctic life could be influenced by climate change. Abstract As a result of rising temperatures in the Antarctic seawater, there is an increasing interest to investigate the capacities for inducing a temperature acclimation response in Antarctic organisms. We analysed the effect of a thermal shock on the fatty acid (FA) composition of gills of the Antarctic notothenioid Trematomus Bernacchii. To perform the quantification of fatty acids in gills, we applied an analytical method based on a fast microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of lipids from a lyophilised sample, a base-catalysed trans-esterification of lipid extract to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and their separation and identification by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The percentage of lipids extracted with MAE preceded by sample lyophilisation, 0.6 ± 0.3 % ww (wet weight), was consistent with the lipids obtained by the official Bligh and Dyer method, 0.8 ± 0.3 % ww. These data are among the first ever published for T. Bernacchii. Specimens, caught in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea), were held in different tanks at 0, +1 and +2 °C, for 1, 5 and 10 days. In general, thermal shock produced an alteration in total lipid content, an increase in the percentage of saturated FAs, a decrease in mono-unsaturated FAs, and a variable response of poly-unsaturated FAs (an increase in specimens exposed to 0 and +1 °C, a decrease in those exposed to +2 °C). A chemometric approach based on principal component analysis indicated that temperature and exposure time influenced the composition of FAs in the gills, probably through an alteration of the metabolic pathways of FAs. This is the first study ever published on the FA composition of total lipids in gills of T. Bernacchii exposed to high temperatures. This study demonstrates that T. Bernacchii is capable of rapidly acclimating to a thermal shock, and contributes to increasing the knowledge on the effect of temperature on Antarctic notothenioids.

  • heat shock influences the fatty acid composition of the muscle of the antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii
    Marine Environmental Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Matteo Antonucci, G Scarponi, Anna Annibaldi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the Ross Sea region (average temperature of −1.87 °C), shelf water warming up to +0.8-+1.4 °C is predicted by 2200, so there is an urgent need to understand how organisms can respond to rising temperatures. In this study, we analyzed the effect of a heat shock on the fatty acid (FAs) composition of muscle of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus Bernacchii, caught in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea), and held in fish tanks at 0, +1 or +2 °C, for 1, 5 and 10 days. In general, heat shock produced, beyond a reduction in total lipid content correlated to the temperature, an increase in the percentage of saturated FAs, and a decrease in mono-unsaturated FAs; however, the level of poly-unsaturated FAs did not seem to directly correlate with temperature. Principal component analysis indicated that both temperature and exposure time affect the composition of FAs in the muscle probably through an alteration of the metabolic pathways of FAs. In this study, we demonstrated that T. Bernacchii was capable to rapidly acclimatize to a heat shock. This study contributes to increasing knowledge on the effect of temperature on the lipid composition of T. Bernacchii and is complementary to previous studies on the gene expression and biochemistry of this species face multiple stressors.

  • quantification of fatty acids in the muscle of antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii by gas chromatography mass spectrometry optimization of the analytical methodology
    Chemosphere, 2017
    Co-Authors: Cristina Truzzi, Silvia Illuminati, Matteo Antonucci, Anna Annibaldi, G Scarponi
    Abstract:

    Abstract This work presents data on the quantification of fatty acids (FAs, in terms of mass unit per tissue weight) in the muscle of Trematomus Bernacchii , a key species in Antarctica, often used as bioindicator for contamination studies. Modifications in fatty acids content should be considered a useful biomarker to study how contaminants affect Antarctic biota. Until now, very few studies quantified fatty acids of muscle of T. Bernacchii , and only as percentage of a single fatty acid on total lipids. To perform the quantification of fatty acids, we used an analytical method based on a fast microwave-assisted extraction of lipids from a lyophilized sample, a base-catalyzed trans-esterification of lipid extract to obtain Fatty Acids Methyl Esters (FAMEs), and a separation and identification of FAMEs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. With the optimized and validated method, a fast and accurate separation of Fatty Acids Methyl Esters was performed in 43 min. The linearity was checked up to about 320 μg mL −1 ; limit of detection and limit of quantification are in the range 4–22 μg mL −1 and 13–66 μg mL −1 , respectively. The optimized method showed a good accuracy and precision. Major fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:1n9, 18:1n7, 20:1n9, 20:5n3 and 22:6n3. Quantified FAs compute for about 47 mg g −1 tissue dry weight (dw), with 9.1 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of saturated FAs, 25.5 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of mono-unsaturated FAs, and 12.2 ± 0.1 mg g −1  dw of poly-unsaturated FAs.

  • cadmium bioaccumulation and metallothionein induction in the liver of the antarctic teleost Trematomus Bernacchii during an on site short term exposure to the metal via seawater
    Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2010
    Co-Authors: Silvia Illuminati, Cristina Truzzi, Anna Annibaldi, Beatrice Migliarini, Oliana Carnevali, G Scarponi
    Abstract:

    A short-term experiment (7 days) was carried out to study cadmium accumulation and metallothionein (MT) gene expression in the liver of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus Bernacchii when exposed to 2.0 mg Cd L−1 seawater. Metal determinations were carried out by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry while MT gene expression was determined by the Real Time PCR Detection System. In controls, the Cd concentration and the MT gene expression remained practically constant during the experiment (8.8 ± 0.9 µg g−1 d.w. and 1.0 ± 0.2 mRNA a.u., respectively). In exposed organisms, while Cd increased almost linearly with time, up to 30 ± 2 µg g−1 d.w., i.e. by a factor of ∼3.5 in 7 days, MT gene expression, after a little delay, increased almost exponentially up to a value of 86 ± 25 mRNA a.u. after 7 days, by a factor of ∼90. These results confirm the potential usefulness utility of T. Bernacchii as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Antarctica.

Francesco Regoli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transcriptional and catalytic responsiveness of the antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii antioxidant system toward multiple stressors
    Antioxidants, 2021
    Co-Authors: Maria Elisa Giuliani, Alessandro Nardi, Marta Di Carlo, Maura Benedetti, Francesco Regoli
    Abstract:

    Ocean-warming and acidification jeopardize Antarctic marine species, adapted to cold and constant conditions and naturally exposed to high pro-oxidant pressures and cadmium (Cd) bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate if projected temperature increase and pH reduction may affect the accumulation and the effects of Cd in the rockcod Trematomus Bernacchii. Organisms were exposed for 14 days to six scenarios, combining environmental or increased temperature (−1 °C, +1 °C) and control or reduced pH (8.05, 7.60), either with or without Cd (40 µg/L). Responses in liver and gills were analyzed at different levels, including mRNA and functional measurements of metallothioneins and of a wide battery of antioxidants, integrated with the evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity and onset of oxidative damages. In the gills, metallothioneins and mRNA of antioxidant genes (nrf2, keap1, cat, gpx1) increased after Cd exposure, but such effects were softened by warming and acidification. Antioxidants showed slighter variations at the enzymatic level, while Cd caused glutathione increase under warming and acidified scenarios. In the liver, due to higher basal antioxidant protection, limited effects were observed. Genotoxic damage increased under the combined stressors scenario. Overall results highlighted the modulation of the oxidative stress response to Cd by multiple stressors, suggesting the vulnerability of T. Bernacchii under predicted ocean change scenarios.

  • characterization and phylogenetic analysis of vitellogenin coding sequences in the antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii
    Journal of Experimental Zoology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Marco Barucca, Francesco Regoli, Maria Assunta Biscotti, Mariko Forconi, Ettore Olmo, Adriana Canapa
    Abstract:

    Vitellogenin is the yolk protein precursor. Multiple vitellogenins identified in several teleosts have been attributed different roles in the control of egg buoyancy and in early embryonic vs. late larval nutrition. In this study, the cDNA encoding VtgAa was characterized in the Antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii (suborder Notothenioidei). The sequence contains 4,964 nucleotides and encodes 1,629 amino acids of the precursor molecule. To gain insights into the evolution of vitellogenin in Antarctic fishes, we identified the partial sequence of vtgAb, and vtgAa and vtgAb partial sequences of five other notothenioids. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted a close correlation between the Vtg amino acid sequences of the six Antarctic species and VtgAa and VtgAb of other perciforms. Finally, analysis of the ratio of vtgAa to vtgAb expression, evaluated in T. Bernacchii by real-time PCR, showed a considerably greater expression of vtgAa in different periods of austral summer.

  • Identification of five partial ABC genes in the liver of the Antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii and sensitivity of ABCB1 and ABCC2 to Cd exposure.
    Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 2010
    Co-Authors: Sara Zucchi, Ilaria Corsi, Till Luckenbach, Shannon Mala Bard, Francesco Regoli, Silvano Focardi
    Abstract:

    Several ABC transporters have been characterized from many aquatic organisms, but no information is yet available for Antarctic fish. The aim of this work was to identify the expression of genes for ABC proteins in Trematomus Bernacchii, a bioindicator species of the Southern Ocean. Partial cDNA sequences of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC4 and ABCC9 were cloned from liver. Using RACE technology, 3.5 and 2.2 kb contigs were obtained for ABCB1 and ABCC2. Considering the elevated natural bioavailability of cadmium at Terra Nova Bay, responsiveness of ABCB1 and ABCC2 to this element was investigated under laboratory conditions. ABCB1 and ABCC2 mRNA levels were approximately four-fold higher in Cd-exposed fish compared to the controls. Induction of ABCB1 protein was also found by western blot. This study provides the first identification of five ABC genes in the liver of an Antarctic key species, some of which may be involved in cellular detoxification.

  • interactions between trace metals cu hg ni pb and 2 3 7 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin in the antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii oxidative effects on biotransformation pathway
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Maura Benedetti, Marco Nigro, Giacomo Martuccio, Daniele Fattorini, Francesco Regoli
    Abstract:

    Biological effects of chemical mixtures are an emerging issue when using biomarkers in field conditions, because synergistic or inhibitory interactions, cascade, and indirect mechanisms can both enhance or suppress responses to specific classes of pollutants. The Antarctic rock cod (Trematomus Bernacchii) was exposed to various trace metals (Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb) and to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dosed alone or in combination, to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of action at the cellular level. Concentrations of metals significantly increased in liver of T. Bernacchii without significant differences between organisms exposed only to the elements or cotreated with TCDD. The marked induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) by TCDD was greatly suppressed by cotreatment with Cu at both catalytic and protein expression levels, whereas no significant effects were caused by coexposures with Hg, Ni, and Pb. The oxidative status was measured by integrating individual antioxidants with the total oxyradical scavenging capacity toward peroxyl radicals (ROO*) and hydroxyl radicals (*OH). Synergistic oxidative effects appeared in fish coexposed to Cu and TCDD, suggesting that biotransformation efficiency is down-regulated by higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and/or mechanisms limiting availability of heme groups. Major oxidative perturbations also were observed in organisms coexposed to TCDD and Hg; in these organisms, however, the marked increase of glutathione content could explain the absence of oxidative inhibition of the CYP system. More limited oxidative effects were caused by Ni and Pb, and the contemporary absence of inhibitory effects on CYP would further confirm the importance of pro-oxidant mechanisms in modulating the biotransformation pathway. The overall results indicate that a wide battery of biomarkers is necessary to assess the impact of chemical mixtures in field conditions.

  • oxidative and modulatory effects of trace metals on metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the antarctic fish Trematomus Bernacchii
    Aquatic Toxicology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Maura Benedetti, Marco Barucca, Adriana Canapa, Marco Nigro, Giacomo Martuccio, Daniele Fattorini, Francesco Regoli
    Abstract:

    Biological interactions between various classes of pollutants are of great relevance for the Antarctic marine environment, where the naturally elevated bioavailability of metals like cadmium might indirectly influence sensitivity of endemic organisms toward other environmental pollutants, e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To further investigate reciprocal effects of different chemicals, the fish Trematomus Bernacchii was exposed to trace metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, as a model PAH), dosed alone and in combinations. Co-exposures revealed that BaP did not influence the accumulation of metals, while these elements caused significant changes on tissue levels of the PAH. The marked EROD induction caused by BaP was completely suppressed by co-exposure with Cd and Cu, but no effects were observed with Ni, Hg and Pb. Similar results were confirmed at the protein level by Western blot analyses while CYP1A1 mRNA levels were reduced only during Cd co-exposures. Clear evidence of oxidative perturbations was observed in fish co-treated with Cd and BaP and the reduced capability to absorb peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals suggested some oxidative pathways by which this element might indirectly modulate the biotransformation efficiency of Cytochrome P450. Partly different and post-transcriptional mechanisms of action could be hypothesized for Cu, while moderate oxidative effects of Hg, Ni and Pb during co-exposures would confirm their limited influence on metabolism of PAHs. In general, the overall results revealed a complex pathway of interactions between different chemicals during co-exposures and the importance of oxidative status in modulating induction and expression of CYP1A1.