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Vera M. F. Da Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Commercial feed acceptance of diets for Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis) in captivity
2018Co-Authors: Paula De Sousa Barbosa, Vera M. F. Da Silva, José Anselmo D'affonsêca Neto, Geraldo Pereira Junior, Alen Henrique Passos MaduroAbstract:Keeping Amazonian manatees ( Trichechus inunguis ) in captivity is expensive and complex. Access to natural food is seasonal, and feeding manatees farmed plants is quite costly, requiring expensive logistics and planning. This study aimed to obtain alternative, good-quality feed to reduce feeding costs and decrease the risk of infectious and contagious diseases transmitted by contaminated food. The experiment was conducted in two stages: an acceptance test and a palatability test. Four adult animals in good health were used, two males and two females. Two types of extruded commercial feed were tested, one specific for horses and the other for laboratory rodents. During the experiment, the body and health status of the animals were monitored by biometrics and complete blood counts. The animals studied behaved favorably toward the introduction of the new feed and maintained satisfactory health status and body mass, considering the stressful conditions to which they were subjected. The two females were less receptive to the new feed, and the ration size directly affected intake because larger diameter pellets are more easily captured by the prehensile lips of T. inunguis . Captive Amazonian manatees accept the addition of concentrate to their diet as long as the size is conducive to capturing the pellets.
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Cutaneous mycobacteriosis in a captive Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis.
Diseases of aquatic organisms, 2018Co-Authors: Laura Reisfeld, Fernando C. W. Rosas, José Anselmo D'affonsêca Neto, Cássia Yumi Ikuta, Laura Ippolito, Bruna Silvatti, José Soares Ferreira Neto, José Luiz Catão-dias, Vera M. F. Da SilvaAbstract:An adult male Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis under human care presented with 3 circular cutaneous lesions on the dorsal aspect of the rostrum and between the nostrils (plenum). Initially these lesions were superficial, hypopigmented, without warmth and non-painful. Microbiological cultures of skin swabs isolated Candida sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and topical treatment with antiseptic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication was instituted. This treatment strategy did not lead to any clinical improvement, and after 6 mo, the lesions progressed to a confluent abscess (5.0 × 3.0 cm) with increased temperature and obvious discomfort on palpation. An impression smear of a cutaneous biopsy was submitted for Ziehl-Neelsen staining and after detection of acid-fast bacilli, the cutaneous biopsy and a swab from the lesion were sent for histopathology, culture and sensitivity testing. After 5 d of incubation and through PCR-restriction analysis of the isolates, Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. abscessus were identified. Sensitivity testing indicated that the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin, and after draining of the lesion and administration of systemic antibiotic treatment, there was rapid clinical improvement. This report describes non-healing lesions in an aquatic animal and illustrates the importance of evaluating the presence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, opportunistic pathogens which are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, in protracted, non-responsive cases. We also highlight the importance of a correct diagnosis and treatment approach, and we review concerns that these bacteria are zoonotic agents and are frequently resistant to conventional antibiotics.
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Response to playback test in the captive Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis) in Brazil
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016Co-Authors: Mumi Kikuchi, Diogo A. De Souza, Vera M. F. Da SilvaAbstract:Previous studies suggested that manatee calls were primarily for communication and not for navigational purposes. In this study, the vocal response of captive Amazonian manatees to playbacks of several acoustic stimuli was investigated. Experiments were conducted using nine captive Amazonian manatees at the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Brazil, in 2014. All manatees, except one, are orphan calves rescued from the illegal hunting or incidental catch. They were kept in the outdoor pool with a group of 2-3 individuals, which are considered to be related. Manatees were exposed to five different playback stimuli: a recorded vocal from a related manatee, a recorded vocal from an unrelated manatee, a synthesized constant frequency based on the fundamental frequency of a related manatee vocal, a synthesized sound which entirely different from manatee vocal, and silence. A total of 58 playback sessions was conducted and 22,590 calls were recorded. While manatees showed inter-individual variabili...
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Seasonal variation in urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels in Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis)
Reproduction fertility and development, 2015Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da Silva, Priscila Viau, L. H. Graham, Marcilio Nichi, Cláudio Alvarenga De OliveiraAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels of captive Amazonian manatees collected during two seasons of the year. Salivary samples from four males and urinary and salivary samples from three females were collected during two seasons (March-June and September-November) over two consecutive years.Salivarytestosteroneinmaleswasmeasuredbyradioimmunoassayandreproductivehormonesinfemales(salivary progesterone and oestradiol and urinary progestogens, oestrogens and luteinising hormone) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The data were analysed in a 2� 2 factorial design, where the factors were year and season. There was no effect of year or season for salivary testosterone. All female hormones showed a seasonal effect (higher hormone levels during March-June than September-November) or an interaction between year and season (P,0.05). These results strongly indicate the existence of reproductive seasonality in Amazonian manatees; however, apparently only females exhibit reproductive quiescence during the non-breeding season. Further long-term studies are necessary to elucidate which environmental parameters are related to reproductive seasonality in T. inunguis and how this species responds physiologically to those stimuli. Additional keywords: reproduction, saliva, sirenian, steroids, urine.
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detection of manatee feeding events by animal borne underwater sound recorders
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014Co-Authors: Mumi Kikuchi, Daniel Gonzalez, Leon David Oliveragomez, Tomonari Akamatsu, Diogo A. De Souza, Vera M. F. Da SilvaAbstract:Studies of the feeding behaviour of aquatic species in their natural environment are difficult, since direct observations are rarely possible. In this study, a newly developed animal-borne underwater sound recorder (AUSOMS-mini) was applied to captive Amazonian ( Trichechus inunguis ) and Antillean ( Trichechus manatus manatus ) manatees in order to directly record their feeding sounds. Different species of aquatic plants were offered to the manatees separately. Feeding sounds were automatically extracted using a custom program developed with MATLAB. Compared to ground truth data, the program correctly detected 65–79% of the feeding events, with a 7.3% or lower false alarm rate, which suggests that this methodology is a useful recorder of manatee feeding events. All manatees foraged during both the daytime and night-time. However, manatees tended to be less active and masticated slower during the night than during the day. The manatee mastication cycle duration depended on plant species and individual. This animal-borne acoustic monitoring system could greatly increase our knowledge of manatee feeding ecology by providing the exact time, duration and number of feeding events, and potentially the plant species being fed on.
Fernando C. W. Rosas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cutaneous mycobacteriosis in a captive Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis.
Diseases of aquatic organisms, 2018Co-Authors: Laura Reisfeld, Fernando C. W. Rosas, José Anselmo D'affonsêca Neto, Cássia Yumi Ikuta, Laura Ippolito, Bruna Silvatti, José Soares Ferreira Neto, José Luiz Catão-dias, Vera M. F. Da SilvaAbstract:An adult male Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis under human care presented with 3 circular cutaneous lesions on the dorsal aspect of the rostrum and between the nostrils (plenum). Initially these lesions were superficial, hypopigmented, without warmth and non-painful. Microbiological cultures of skin swabs isolated Candida sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and topical treatment with antiseptic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication was instituted. This treatment strategy did not lead to any clinical improvement, and after 6 mo, the lesions progressed to a confluent abscess (5.0 × 3.0 cm) with increased temperature and obvious discomfort on palpation. An impression smear of a cutaneous biopsy was submitted for Ziehl-Neelsen staining and after detection of acid-fast bacilli, the cutaneous biopsy and a swab from the lesion were sent for histopathology, culture and sensitivity testing. After 5 d of incubation and through PCR-restriction analysis of the isolates, Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. abscessus were identified. Sensitivity testing indicated that the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin, and after draining of the lesion and administration of systemic antibiotic treatment, there was rapid clinical improvement. This report describes non-healing lesions in an aquatic animal and illustrates the importance of evaluating the presence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, opportunistic pathogens which are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, in protracted, non-responsive cases. We also highlight the importance of a correct diagnosis and treatment approach, and we review concerns that these bacteria are zoonotic agents and are frequently resistant to conventional antibiotics.
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Seasonal variation in urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels in Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis)
Reproduction fertility and development, 2015Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da Silva, Priscila Viau, L. H. Graham, Marcilio Nichi, Cláudio Alvarenga De OliveiraAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels of captive Amazonian manatees collected during two seasons of the year. Salivary samples from four males and urinary and salivary samples from three females were collected during two seasons (March-June and September-November) over two consecutive years.Salivarytestosteroneinmaleswasmeasuredbyradioimmunoassayandreproductivehormonesinfemales(salivary progesterone and oestradiol and urinary progestogens, oestrogens and luteinising hormone) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The data were analysed in a 2� 2 factorial design, where the factors were year and season. There was no effect of year or season for salivary testosterone. All female hormones showed a seasonal effect (higher hormone levels during March-June than September-November) or an interaction between year and season (P,0.05). These results strongly indicate the existence of reproductive seasonality in Amazonian manatees; however, apparently only females exhibit reproductive quiescence during the non-breeding season. Further long-term studies are necessary to elucidate which environmental parameters are related to reproductive seasonality in T. inunguis and how this species responds physiologically to those stimuli. Additional keywords: reproduction, saliva, sirenian, steroids, urine.
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First attempt to monitor luteinizing hormone and reproductive steroids in urine samples of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis).
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2014Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da Silva, L. H. Graham, Cláudio Alvarenga De OliveiraAbstract:The aims of this study were to validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine samples of Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis; Mammalia: Sirenia) and to monitor urinary LH and reproductive steroids during the ovarian cycle in this species. Urine samples were collected from two captive males following a hormonal challenge with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue. The urinary LH results from hormonal challenge were compared with urinary androgens for the purpose of EIA validation. Furthermore, urine samples were collected daily, over a 12-wk period, from two captive adult females, for 2 consecutive yr. The urinary LH pattern from females was compared with the patterns of urinary progestagens and estrogen conjugates throughout the ovarian cycle. An LH peak was observed in both male Amazonian manatees after the hormonal challenge, occurring prior to or together with peak androgen levels. In the females, the ovarian cycle ranged from 40 to 48 days (mean of 43.7 days). Two distinct peaks of estrogen conjugates were observed across all cycles analyzed, and the urinary LH peaks observed were accompanied by peaks of urinary estrogen conjugates. The EIA was validated as a method for the quantification of urinary LH from Amazonian manatees, as it was able to detect variations in the levels of LH in urine samples. These results suggest that T. inunguis exhibits a peculiar hormonal pattern during the ovarian cycle. Therefore, further studies are desirable and necessary to clarify the relationship between this hormonal pattern and morphological changes, as well as mating behavior, in Amazonian manatee.
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plants with toxic principles eaten by the amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis mammalia sirenia
Scientific Magazine UAKARI, 2013Co-Authors: Michelle Gil Guterrespazin, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Victor Fernando Volpato Pazin, Miriam MarmontelAbstract:In the Amazon, a large number of native and exotic toxic plants and of suspected toxicity has been described (see Tokarnia et al., 2007). Amazonian aquatic and semi-aquatic plants are consumed by a variety of aquatic organisms, including the Amazonian manatee, an herbivorous aquatic mammal of wide distribution in the Amazonian ecosystem. This species has been historically hunted by local communities until current days. In a recent study about the diet of Amazonian manatees in the Mamiraua and Amana sustainable development reserves, Guterres-Pazin (2010) reported on up to 49 plant species consumed by the manatee, most of which previously undescribed in the literature. Here we identify those plants of the Amazonian manatee diet that contain toxic principles and the effects of the toxic components on other (terrestrial) mammals.
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Endocrine monitoring of the ovarian cycle in captive female Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis).
Animal reproduction science, 2013Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da Silva, Marcilio Nichi, Claudio A OliveiraAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis; Mammalia: Sirenia), a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin, is the only sirenian that lives exclusively in fresh water. Information about the reproductive endocrinology of the Amazonian manatee is scarce; therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor salivary progesterone and estradiol patterns during the ovarian cycle in T. inunguis. Salivary samples were collected daily during a 12-week period of two consecutive years from two captive adult females. The salivary estradiol and progesterone were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The results were analyzed in an iterative process of excluding values that were higher than the mean plus 2 standard deviations until the basal values were determined. The interval between two peaks of salivary estradiol followed by a rise of progesterone was considered as one complete cycle for the calculation of the cycle length. We observed only three complete cycles in all samples analyzed. The cycle length ranged from 42 to 48 days (mean of 44.67 days). We also observed two distinct salivary estradiol peaks during all cycles analyzed, with the first peak occurring before the rise in salivary progesterone and the second occurred followed by a return to basal progesterone levels. This is the first in-depth study of the ovarian cycle in Amazonian manatees. Our results demonstrate that salivary samples can be a useful tool in the endocrine monitoring of this species and suggest that T. inunguis shows a peculiar hormonal pattern during the ovarian cycle, a finding that may have physiological and ecological significance in the reproductive strategy of these animals.
Rodrigo S Amaral - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal variation in urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels in Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis)
Reproduction fertility and development, 2015Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da Silva, Priscila Viau, L. H. Graham, Marcilio Nichi, Cláudio Alvarenga De OliveiraAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels of captive Amazonian manatees collected during two seasons of the year. Salivary samples from four males and urinary and salivary samples from three females were collected during two seasons (March-June and September-November) over two consecutive years.Salivarytestosteroneinmaleswasmeasuredbyradioimmunoassayandreproductivehormonesinfemales(salivary progesterone and oestradiol and urinary progestogens, oestrogens and luteinising hormone) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The data were analysed in a 2� 2 factorial design, where the factors were year and season. There was no effect of year or season for salivary testosterone. All female hormones showed a seasonal effect (higher hormone levels during March-June than September-November) or an interaction between year and season (P,0.05). These results strongly indicate the existence of reproductive seasonality in Amazonian manatees; however, apparently only females exhibit reproductive quiescence during the non-breeding season. Further long-term studies are necessary to elucidate which environmental parameters are related to reproductive seasonality in T. inunguis and how this species responds physiologically to those stimuli. Additional keywords: reproduction, saliva, sirenian, steroids, urine.
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First attempt to monitor luteinizing hormone and reproductive steroids in urine samples of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis).
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2014Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da Silva, L. H. Graham, Cláudio Alvarenga De OliveiraAbstract:The aims of this study were to validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine samples of Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis; Mammalia: Sirenia) and to monitor urinary LH and reproductive steroids during the ovarian cycle in this species. Urine samples were collected from two captive males following a hormonal challenge with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue. The urinary LH results from hormonal challenge were compared with urinary androgens for the purpose of EIA validation. Furthermore, urine samples were collected daily, over a 12-wk period, from two captive adult females, for 2 consecutive yr. The urinary LH pattern from females was compared with the patterns of urinary progestagens and estrogen conjugates throughout the ovarian cycle. An LH peak was observed in both male Amazonian manatees after the hormonal challenge, occurring prior to or together with peak androgen levels. In the females, the ovarian cycle ranged from 40 to 48 days (mean of 43.7 days). Two distinct peaks of estrogen conjugates were observed across all cycles analyzed, and the urinary LH peaks observed were accompanied by peaks of urinary estrogen conjugates. The EIA was validated as a method for the quantification of urinary LH from Amazonian manatees, as it was able to detect variations in the levels of LH in urine samples. These results suggest that T. inunguis exhibits a peculiar hormonal pattern during the ovarian cycle. Therefore, further studies are desirable and necessary to clarify the relationship between this hormonal pattern and morphological changes, as well as mating behavior, in Amazonian manatee.
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Endocrine monitoring of the ovarian cycle in captive female Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis).
Animal reproduction science, 2013Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da Silva, Marcilio Nichi, Claudio A OliveiraAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis; Mammalia: Sirenia), a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin, is the only sirenian that lives exclusively in fresh water. Information about the reproductive endocrinology of the Amazonian manatee is scarce; therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor salivary progesterone and estradiol patterns during the ovarian cycle in T. inunguis. Salivary samples were collected daily during a 12-week period of two consecutive years from two captive adult females. The salivary estradiol and progesterone were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The results were analyzed in an iterative process of excluding values that were higher than the mean plus 2 standard deviations until the basal values were determined. The interval between two peaks of salivary estradiol followed by a rise of progesterone was considered as one complete cycle for the calculation of the cycle length. We observed only three complete cycles in all samples analyzed. The cycle length ranged from 42 to 48 days (mean of 44.67 days). We also observed two distinct salivary estradiol peaks during all cycles analyzed, with the first peak occurring before the rise in salivary progesterone and the second occurred followed by a return to basal progesterone levels. This is the first in-depth study of the ovarian cycle in Amazonian manatees. Our results demonstrate that salivary samples can be a useful tool in the endocrine monitoring of this species and suggest that T. inunguis shows a peculiar hormonal pattern during the ovarian cycle, a finding that may have physiological and ecological significance in the reproductive strategy of these animals.
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156 MONITORING SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS FROM CAPTIVE AMAZONIAN MANATEES (Trichechus inunguis): IS THERE SEASONAL PATTERN?
Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2011Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Priscila Viau, Marcilio Nichi, V.f. Da Silva, Cristiane Ayala De OliveiraAbstract:Seasonality of reproduction in many nondomestic animal species appears to represent an accommodation to environmental variables, as food availability, in which influence reproductive success. Males can show a decrease of testicular size, sperm concentration, and serum concentration of testosterone because of food restriction. The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis, Mammalia: Sirenia) is a threatened aquatic mammal, endemic of the Amazon basin (South America), and is the only sirenian that occurs exclusively in fresh water. Although information is lacking about the reproductive endocrinology of free-ranging T. inunguis, they are considered seasonal breeders, with copulation and births occurring between December and July, coinciding with the increase in Amazon basin water levels and the period of most availability of food for the species (Best 1982 Biotropica 14, 76–78). Salivary steroid measurement is a noninvasive way to monitor steroid concentration, which is well correlated with the level of steroids in the serum. The aim of this study was to verify if testosterone concentrations of male T. inunguis kept in captivity, without variation of food availability, show a seasonal pattern. Were used 4 adult male Amazonian manatees kept in captivity in the Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals of the National Institute of Amazonian Research–LMA/INPA, Brazil. They were fed all year with paragrass and vegetables, at not less than 8% of body weight per day. For sample collection, the pool was drained and saliva was collected from mouth mucosa using a metal spoon. Samples were collected weekly for 12 weeks in 2 periods (March–June and September–November). Salivary testosterone was measured by RIA for total testosterone using an adapted protocol previously validated for the species (Amaral et al. 2009 J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 40, 458–465) The data were analysed in a 3 × 2 factorial design, where the factors were month (each 4 weeks = 1 month) and period, using GLM test for repeated-measures. The means of salivary androgen levels were 28.80 ± 18.56 pg mL–1 and 30.77 ± 16.76 pg mL–1 for first and second periods, respectively. There were no significant main effects of month (P = 0.454), period (P = 0.607), or interaction between factors (P = 0.635). These results suggest that captive male Amazonian manatees apparently do not show reproductive seasonality. However, it is recommended to verify the existence of variation in testicular size and sperm concentration. This finding is important information for the future reproductive management of captive Amazonian manatee. The authors thank PREVET staff for help with the samples collection, and FAPESP (2008/05760-5), CNPq (Universal 475596/2009-9), Petrobras Ambiental (Projeto Mamiferos Aquaticos da Amazonia: Conservacao e Pesquisa), and AMPA for the financial support.
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morphology morphometry and ultrastructure of the amazonian manatee sirenia trichechidae spermatozoa
Zoologia, 2010Co-Authors: Rodrigo S Amaral, Carolina Madeira Lucci, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da SilvaAbstract:This study describes the morphological, morphometric and ultrastructural characteristics of the Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883) spermatozoon. The spermatozoa were obtained from a urine sample of an adult T. inunguis kept in captivity. The spermatozoa were analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The head of Amazonian manatee spermatozoa had a flat oval shape and a well distinguishable midpiece. The mean dimensions of the spermatozoa were: head length, 7.49 ± 0.24 µm; head width, 3.53 ± 0.19 µm; head thickness, 1.61 ± 0.13 µm; midpiece length, 11.36 ± 0.34 µm; flagellum length, 40.91 ± 1.94 µm; total tail length, 52.16 ± 1.06 µm; total spermatozoon length, 60.08 ± 1.40 µm. The Amazonian manatee spermatozoa were similar in shape to other sirenian spermatozoa; however, presenting a different size. This study describes, for the first time, the morphometric and ultrastructural characteristics of the Amazonian manatee spermatozoa, and also demonstrates the possible use of spermatozoa retrieved from urine samples for biological studies.
Stella Maris Lazzarini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Yeast microbiota of natural cavities of manatees (Trichechus inunguis and Trichechus manatus) in Brazil and its relevance for animal health and management in captivity.
Canadian journal of microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Stella Maris Lazzarini, Vítor Carvalho, Débora De Souza Collares Maia Castelo-branco, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, Tereza De Jesus Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira, Rossana De Aguiar Cordeiro, Glaucia Morgana De Melo Guedes, Giovanna Riello Barbosa, Daniella Carvalho Ribeiro OliveiraAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterize the yeast microbiota of natural cavities of manatees kept in captivity in Brazil. Sterile swabs from the oral cavity, nostrils, genital opening, and rectum of 50 Trichechus inunguis and 26 Trichechus manatus were collected. The samples were plated on Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol and incubated at 25 °C for 5 days. The yeasts isolated were phenotypically identified by biochemical and micromorphological tests. Overall, 141 strains were isolated, of which 112 were from T. inunguis (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis, Candida metapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida pelliculosa, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida famata, Candida krusei, Candida norvegensis, Candida ciferri, Trichosporon sp., Rhodotorula sp., Cryptococcus laurentii) and 29 were from T. manatus (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, Rhodotorula sp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula minuta, Trichosporon sp.). This was the first systematic study to investigate the importance of yeasts as components of the microbiota of sirenians, demonstrating the presence of potentially pathogenic species, which highlights the importance of maintaining adequate artificial conditions for the health of captive manatees.
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Occurrence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Lepstospira spp. in Manatees (Trichechus inunguis) of the Brazilian Amazon
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2012Co-Authors: Patrick D. Mathews, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Vera M. F. Da Silva, José Anselmo D'affonsêca Neto, Stella Maris Lazzarini, Daniella C. Ribeiro, Jitender P. Dubey, Silvio Arruda Vasconcellos, Solange Maria GennariAbstract:The presence of Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. antibodies was investigated in 74 manatees (Trichechus inunguis [Mammalia: Sirenia]) kept in captivity in two rescue units in the northern region of Brazil. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 29 (39.2%) of 74 animals by using the modified agglutination test (titer, 1:25). For antibodies against Leptospira spp., sera were diluted 1:50 and tested against 24 strains ofleptospires by microscopic agglutination microtechnique, and positive samples were end titrated. Twenty-three (31.1%) of 74 animals were reactive to four serovars (Patoc 21/23, Castellonis 2/23, Icterohaemorrhagiae 1/23, and Butembo 1/ 23), with titers ranging from 100 to 1,600. This is the first report of antibodies against T. gondii and Leptospira spp. in T. inunguis from the Brazilian Amazon.
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reproductive anatomy of the female amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis natterer 1883 mammalia sirenia
Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Fernanda Rosa Rodrigues, Vera M. F. Da Silva, José Fernando Marques Barcellos, Stella Maris LazzariniAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is uniparous and has a slow reproduction cycle due to a long gestation period and long interval between births. Even though protected by law, hunting remains one of the main causes hindering the natural population growth of this species in the wild. The histology and reproductive anatomy provide information on the history and reproductive status of the female and offer a tool for the conservation of the species. The present study describes the anatomy of the female reproductive tract in T. inunguis. It is based on materials from three reproductive tracts fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are described. The hymen presents two tiny openings separated by a segment that, upon rupturing during the first copulation, should make up a single vaginal opening. A still intact hymen and the absence of placental scars in the uterus were found in one specimen. Additionally, the presence of a hemorrhagic body and Graafian follicles on the right ovary were observed, as well as whitish scars and among them, possible corpora albicantia. These findings suggest that T. inunguis undergoes infertile estrus cycles before its first gestation. Macroscopically, counting of the whitish scars is hindered by the small diameter of these structures. It is not possible to differentiate between the scars resulting from ruptured (corpora albicantia) and nonruptured follicles (regressed corpora atretica). The presence of whitish scars on both ovaries of the same specimen suggests their bilateral function in T. inunguis. Anat Rec, 291:557–564, 2008. 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Reproductive Anatomy of the Female Amazonian Manatee Trichechus inunguis Natterer, 1883 (Mammalia: Sirenia)
Anatomical record (Hoboken N.J. : 2007), 2008Co-Authors: Fernanda Rosa Rodrigues, Vera M. F. Da Silva, José Fernando Marques Barcellos, Stella Maris LazzariniAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is uniparous and has a slow reproduction cycle due to a long gestation period and long interval between births. Even though protected by law, hunting remains one of the main causes hindering the natural population growth of this species in the wild. The histology and reproductive anatomy provide information on the history and reproductive status of the female and offer a tool for the conservation of the species. The present study describes the anatomy of the female reproductive tract in T. inunguis. It is based on materials from three reproductive tracts fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are described. The hymen presents two tiny openings separated by a segment that, upon rupturing during the first copulation, should make up a single vaginal opening. A still intact hymen and the absence of placental scars in the uterus were found in one specimen. Additionally, the presence of a hemorrhagic body and Graafian follicles on the right ovary were observed, as well as whitish scars and among them, possible corpora albicantia. These findings suggest that T. inunguis undergoes infertile estrus cycles before its first gestation. Macroscopically, counting of the whitish scars is hindered by the small diameter of these structures. It is not possible to differentiate between the scars resulting from ruptured (corpora albicantia) and nonruptured follicles (regressed corpora atretica). The presence of whitish scars on both ovaries of the same specimen suggests their bilateral function in T. inunguis.
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Placentation in the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis)
Reproduction fertility and development, 2008Co-Authors: Anthony M. Carter, Fernando C. W. Rosas, Stella Maris Lazzarini, Maria Angélica Miglino, Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio, Tatiana Carlesso Dos Santos, J. A. D'affonseca Neto, Ana Flávia De Carvalho, Vera M. F. Da SilvaAbstract:Evidence from several sources supports a close phylogenetic relationship between elephants and sirenians. To explore whether this was reflected in similar placentation, we examined eight delivered placentae from the Amazonian manatee using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the fetal placental circulation was described by scanning electron microscopy of vessel casts. The manatee placenta was zonary and endotheliochorial, like that of the elephant. The interhaemal barrier comprised maternal endothelium, cytotrophoblasts and fetal endothelium. We found columnar trophoblast beneath the chorionic plate and lining lacunae in this region, but there was no trace in the term placenta of haemophagous activity. The gross anatomy of the cord and fetal membranes was consistent with previous descriptions and included a four-chambered allantoic sac, as also found in the elephant and other afrotherians. Connective tissue septae descended from the chorionic plate and carried blood vessels to the labyrinth, where they gave rise to a dense capillary network. This appeared to drain into shorter vessels near the chorionic plate. The maternal vasculature could not be examined in the same detail, but maternal capillaries ran rather straight and roughly parallel to the fetal ones. Overall, there is a close resemblance in placentation between the manatee and the elephant.
Carmen Rosa Garcia Davila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Detection of infection with Leptospira spp. in manatees (Trichechus inunguis) of the Peruvian Amazon
Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals, 2015Co-Authors: Patrick Mathews Delgado, Nofre Sanchez Perea, Claudia Biffi Garcia, Carmen Rosa Garcia DavilaAbstract:The Amazonian manatee ( Trichechus inunguis ) is an aquatic mammal (Family Trichechidae) that inhabits freshwater environments. It is endemic to the Amazon Basin, and occurs from Marajo Island (at the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil) to the headwaters of the floodplain in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. Little is known of the causes of death or the prevalence of zoonotic organisms in manatees from Peru; however, Leptospira spp. have been reported to cause mortalities in marine mammals. Here we evaluated the presence of Leptospira spp. antibodies in Amazonian manatees. To our knowledge, this is the first report of presence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in aquatic mammals maintained in captivity in the Peruvian Amazon.
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DETECTION OF INFECTION WITH Toxoplasma gondii IN MANATEES (Trichechus inunguis) OF THE PERUVIAN AMAZON Detección de infección por Toxoplasma gondii en manatíes (Trichechus inunguis) de la Amazonía peruana
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2013Co-Authors: Patrick Mathews Delgado, Nofre Sanchez Perea, Claudia Biffi Garcia, Jonh Paul Mathews Delgado, Antonio Francisco Malheiros, Carmen Rosa Garcia DavilaAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is an aquatic mammal that inhabits freshwater environments and is endemic to the Amazon Basin. The presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was investigated in 19 manatees in one rescue unit in the northern region of Peru. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 12 (63.2 %) of 19 animals by using the modified agglutination test (titer, 1:25), and no association between sex and age of the animals and the presence of T. gondii antibodies was observed (p < 0.05). The results suggest a contamination by T. gondii oocysts in the aquatic environment where these animals live.El manatí amazónico (Trichechus inunguis) es un mamífero acuático que habita en ambientes de agua dulce y es endémico de la cuenca del Amazonas. La presencia de Toxoplasma gondii se investigó en 19 manatíes, en una unidad de rescate en la región norte del Perú. Los anticuerpos contra T. gondii fueron detectados en 12 (63,2 %), de 19 animales mediante el uso de la prueba de aglutinación modificada (título, 1:25). No fue observada asociación entre el sexo y edad de los animales con la presencia de anticuerpos de T. gondii (p < 0,05). Los resultados sugieren la contaminación por ooquistes de T. gondii en el medio acuático donde viven estos animales
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DETECTION OF INFECTION WITH Toxoplasma gondii IN MANATEES (Trichechus inunguis) OF THE PERUVIAN AMAZON
2013Co-Authors: Patrick Mathews Delgado, Nofre Sanchez Perea, Claudia Biffi Garcia, Jonh Paul Mathews Delgado, Antonio Francisco Malheiros, Carmen Rosa Garcia DavilaAbstract:The Amazonian manatee ( Trichechus inunguis ) is an aquatic mammal that inhabits freshwater environments and is endemic to the Amazon Basin. The presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was investigated in 19 manatees in one rescue unit in the northern region of Peru. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 12 (63.2 %) of 19 animals by using the modified agglutination test (titer, 1:25), and no association between sex and age of the animals and the presence of T. gondii antibodies was observed (p suggest a contamination by T. gondii oocysts in the aquatic environment where these animals live.
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DETECTION OF INFECTION WITH Toxoplasma gondii IN MANATEES (Trichechus inunguis) OF THE PERUVIAN AMAZON
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2013Co-Authors: Patrick Mathews Delgado, Nofre Sanchez Perea, Claudia Biffi Garcia, Jonh Paul Mathews Delgado, Antonio Francisco Malheiros, Carmen Rosa Garcia DavilaAbstract:The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is an aquatic mammal that inhabits freshwater environments and is endemic to the Amazon Basin. The presence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was investigated in 19 manatees in one rescue unit in the northern region of Peru. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 12 (63.2 %) of 19 animals by using the modified agglutination test (titer, 1:25), and no association between sex and age of the animals and the presence of T. gondii antibodies was observed (p < 0.05). The results suggest a contamination by T. gondii oocysts in the aquatic environment where these animals live
