The Experts below are selected from a list of 2628 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yunyun Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gas–condensed phase flame-retardant mechanisms of tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine/Triphenyl Phosphate/ABS
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018Co-Authors: Hang Luo, Xilei Cao, Yunyun Yang, Feng Zhou, Xufu CaiAbstract:Tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine (NPPh3), a flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitro group, is synthesized. And a novel flame retardant loading with NPPh3 and Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP) is prepared to flame-retardant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The effects of NPPh3 and TPP on the flammability of ABS are studied by various methods. The flame retardation of ABS/NPPh3/TPP composite is characterized by limiting oxygen index method and vertical and horizontal burning tests (UL-94). Compared with the systems with ABS/NPPh3 and ABS/TPP alone, ABS/NPPh3/TPP obtains a higher limiting oxygen index. Additionally, the flame-retardant effect of ABS/NPPh3/TPP in condensed phase is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gases evolved during thermal degradation process in nitrogen are studied by means of thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results show that ABS/NPPh3/TPP exerts gas-condensed phase flame-retardant effect.
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gas condensed phase flame retardant mechanisms of tris 3 nitrophenyl phosphine Triphenyl Phosphate abs
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018Co-Authors: Feng Zhou, Yunyun YangAbstract:Tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine (NPPh3), a flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitro group, is synthesized. And a novel flame retardant loading with NPPh3 and Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP) is prepared to flame-retardant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The effects of NPPh3 and TPP on the flammability of ABS are studied by various methods. The flame retardation of ABS/NPPh3/TPP composite is characterized by limiting oxygen index method and vertical and horizontal burning tests (UL-94). Compared with the systems with ABS/NPPh3 and ABS/TPP alone, ABS/NPPh3/TPP obtains a higher limiting oxygen index. Additionally, the flame-retardant effect of ABS/NPPh3/TPP in condensed phase is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gases evolved during thermal degradation process in nitrogen are studied by means of thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results show that ABS/NPPh3/TPP exerts gas-condensed phase flame-retardant effect.
Feng Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gas–condensed phase flame-retardant mechanisms of tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine/Triphenyl Phosphate/ABS
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018Co-Authors: Hang Luo, Xilei Cao, Yunyun Yang, Feng Zhou, Xufu CaiAbstract:Tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine (NPPh3), a flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitro group, is synthesized. And a novel flame retardant loading with NPPh3 and Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP) is prepared to flame-retardant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The effects of NPPh3 and TPP on the flammability of ABS are studied by various methods. The flame retardation of ABS/NPPh3/TPP composite is characterized by limiting oxygen index method and vertical and horizontal burning tests (UL-94). Compared with the systems with ABS/NPPh3 and ABS/TPP alone, ABS/NPPh3/TPP obtains a higher limiting oxygen index. Additionally, the flame-retardant effect of ABS/NPPh3/TPP in condensed phase is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gases evolved during thermal degradation process in nitrogen are studied by means of thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results show that ABS/NPPh3/TPP exerts gas-condensed phase flame-retardant effect.
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gas condensed phase flame retardant mechanisms of tris 3 nitrophenyl phosphine Triphenyl Phosphate abs
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018Co-Authors: Feng Zhou, Yunyun YangAbstract:Tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine (NPPh3), a flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitro group, is synthesized. And a novel flame retardant loading with NPPh3 and Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP) is prepared to flame-retardant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The effects of NPPh3 and TPP on the flammability of ABS are studied by various methods. The flame retardation of ABS/NPPh3/TPP composite is characterized by limiting oxygen index method and vertical and horizontal burning tests (UL-94). Compared with the systems with ABS/NPPh3 and ABS/TPP alone, ABS/NPPh3/TPP obtains a higher limiting oxygen index. Additionally, the flame-retardant effect of ABS/NPPh3/TPP in condensed phase is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gases evolved during thermal degradation process in nitrogen are studied by means of thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results show that ABS/NPPh3/TPP exerts gas-condensed phase flame-retardant effect.
Xufu Cai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gas–condensed phase flame-retardant mechanisms of tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine/Triphenyl Phosphate/ABS
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018Co-Authors: Hang Luo, Xilei Cao, Yunyun Yang, Feng Zhou, Xufu CaiAbstract:Tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine (NPPh3), a flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitro group, is synthesized. And a novel flame retardant loading with NPPh3 and Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP) is prepared to flame-retardant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The effects of NPPh3 and TPP on the flammability of ABS are studied by various methods. The flame retardation of ABS/NPPh3/TPP composite is characterized by limiting oxygen index method and vertical and horizontal burning tests (UL-94). Compared with the systems with ABS/NPPh3 and ABS/TPP alone, ABS/NPPh3/TPP obtains a higher limiting oxygen index. Additionally, the flame-retardant effect of ABS/NPPh3/TPP in condensed phase is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gases evolved during thermal degradation process in nitrogen are studied by means of thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results show that ABS/NPPh3/TPP exerts gas-condensed phase flame-retardant effect.
Robert J. Letcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Uptake, Deposition, and Metabolism of Triphenyl Phosphate in Embryonated Eggs and Chicks of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Sarah C. Marteinson, Mélanie F. Guigueno, Kim J. Fernie, Jessica A. Head, Robert J. LetcherAbstract:The toxicokinetics of Triphenyl Phosphate (TPHP) in vivo including the uptake, deposition, and biotransformation into the metabolite diphenyl Phosphate (DPHP) is presently reported in embryonated eggs and chicks of Japanese quail. Quail were dosed with TPHP at 3 concentrations by air cell egg injection on embryonic day 0, followed by daily oral dosing after chicks hatched (5 d). Vehicle-only exposed controls were also used. In dosed eggs, only 33% of the TPHP remained 2 d after injection (no hepatic development); after 10 d (post-hepatogenesis), only 2% remained. The estimated TPHP half-lives in the eggs ranged from 1.1 to 1.8 d for the 3 dosed groups. In all exposed eggs and chicks, DPHP significantly increased with dose (0.001
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uptake deposition and metabolism of Triphenyl Phosphate in embryonated eggs and chicks of japanese quail coturnix japonica
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Sarah C. Marteinson, Mélanie F. Guigueno, Kim J. Fernie, Jessica A. Head, Robert J. LetcherAbstract:The toxicokinetics of Triphenyl Phosphate (TPHP) in vivo including the uptake, deposition, and biotransformation into the metabolite diphenyl Phosphate (DPHP) is presently reported in embryonated eggs and chicks of Japanese quail. Quail were dosed with TPHP at 3 concentrations by air cell egg injection on embryonic day 0, followed by daily oral dosing after chicks hatched (5 d). Vehicle-only exposed controls were also used. In dosed eggs, only 33% of the TPHP remained 2 d after injection (no hepatic development); after 10 d (post-hepatogenesis), only 2% remained. The estimated TPHP half-lives in the eggs ranged from 1.1 to 1.8 d for the 3 dosed groups. In all exposed eggs and chicks, DPHP significantly increased with dose (0.001 < p < 0.044). It appears that DPHP is an important metabolite in quail, making up 41 to 74% of all metabolites formed in embryonated eggs. In chicks, at medium and high doses, DPHP concentrations significantly exceeded those of TPHP (p Toxicology and Chemistry (c) 2019 SETAC.
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in vitro metabolic activation of Triphenyl Phosphate leading to the formation of glutathione conjugates by rat liver microsomes
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Robert J. LetcherAbstract:The present study investigated the metabolism of the flame retardant and plasticizer chemical, Triphenyl Phosphate (TPHP), in a rat liver microsome-based in vitro assay with glutathione (GSH) in order to elucidate metabolic pathways leading to formation of conjugates. A highly sensitive and efficient method was developed for the detection and characterization of GSH reactive metabolites using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS both in the negative and positive electrospray ionization modes. Seven GSH conjugates formed as a result of microsomal incubation, which were identified as S-conjugates based on MS/MS spectra, and confirmed by subsequent time-dependent incubation assays. With the exception of hydrolysis reactions leading to formation of a diester metabolite, diphenyl Phosphate (DPHP), the results demonstrated that Phase I epoxidation on phenyl ring of TPHP leading to mono- and di-hydroxylated TPHP metabolites, which can further conjugate with GSH. Depending on hydroxylated TPHP formation, an o-hydroquinone intermediate formed in vitro via Phase I metabolism, and the o-benzoquinone form reacted with GSH and also formed GSH conjugates. The present study showed that via hydroxylated TPHP Phase I formation that GSH conjugates are important Phase II metabolites for TPHP metabolism in vitro. Some GSH conjugates may be valuable candidate biomarkers for monitoring TPHP exposure in biota.
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structure dependent in vitro metabolism of alkyl substituted analogues of Triphenyl Phosphate in east greenland polar bears and ringed seals
Environmental Science and Technology Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Adelle Strobel, Robert J. Letcher, William G Willmore, Christian Sonne, Rune DietzAbstract:OrganoPhosphate esters (OPEs), used as plasticizers and flame retardants, are major emerging environmental contaminants in the Arctic. OPEs of environmental interest include Triphenyl Phosphate (TPHP) and a growing array of alkyl-substituted TPHP analogues. Using a microsomal assay of the liver tissue of polar bears and their ringed seal prey, the comparative in vitro metabolism of TPHP was investigated relative to the analogues of isodecyl diphenyl Phosphate (IDDPP), (p-tert-butylphenyl) diphenyl Phosphate (TBPDPP), tris(p-tert-butylphenyl) Phosphate (TTBPP), and two tris(isopropylphenyl) Phosphate isomers (T2IPPP and T4IPPP). Polar bear metabolism of the p-tert-butylphenyl-substituted OPEs, TBPDPP and TTBPP, had a substantially slower rate and percent metabolic depletion compared to those with TPHP. Isodecyl- and isopropyl-substituted OPEs, IDDPP, T2IPPP, and T4IPPP, were also more slowly depleted by polar bears than TPHP was. TPHP, IDDPP, T2IPPP, TBPDPP, TTBPP, and T4IPPP were all slowly metabolized by...
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in vitro metabolism of the flame retardant Triphenyl Phosphate in chicken embryonic hepatocytes and the importance of the hydroxylation pathway
Environmental Science and Technology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Guanyong Su, Robert J. Letcher, Doug Crump, David M Gooden, Heather M StapletonAbstract:We report for the first time either in vitro or in vivo the phase I hydroxylation and phase II conjugation metabolic pathways of an organoPhosphate flame retardant, Triphenyl Phosphate (TPHP), in addition to diphenyl Phosphate (DPHP) metabolite formation. Using a chicken embryonic hepatocyte (CEH) assay, TPHP was phase I metabolized to p- and m-hydroxy-TPHP metabolites, which were largely present in the assay medium and cells as phase II conjugates with glucuronic acid. After treatment with β-glucuronidase, deconjugated p-OH-TPHP was present in both the medium and cells at increasing concentrations of 0.073 ± 0.003, 1.95 ± 0.03, and 2.10 ± 0.09 nmol/well at CEH incubation time points of 0, 12, and 36 h, respectively. Similarly, after β-glucuronidase treatment, there were increasing m-OH-TPHP concentrations of 0.0050 ± 0.0005, 0.18 ± 0.01, and 0.18 ± 0.01 nmol/well. p-OH-TPHP at 36 h accounted for 60% of the initial TPHP treatment concentration, which was 3.5- or 12-fold greater than that of the DPHP or m-...
Hang Luo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gas–condensed phase flame-retardant mechanisms of tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine/Triphenyl Phosphate/ABS
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018Co-Authors: Hang Luo, Xilei Cao, Yunyun Yang, Feng Zhou, Xufu CaiAbstract:Tris(3-nitrophenyl) phosphine (NPPh3), a flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitro group, is synthesized. And a novel flame retardant loading with NPPh3 and Triphenyl Phosphate (TPP) is prepared to flame-retardant acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). The effects of NPPh3 and TPP on the flammability of ABS are studied by various methods. The flame retardation of ABS/NPPh3/TPP composite is characterized by limiting oxygen index method and vertical and horizontal burning tests (UL-94). Compared with the systems with ABS/NPPh3 and ABS/TPP alone, ABS/NPPh3/TPP obtains a higher limiting oxygen index. Additionally, the flame-retardant effect of ABS/NPPh3/TPP in condensed phase is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gases evolved during thermal degradation process in nitrogen are studied by means of thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The results show that ABS/NPPh3/TPP exerts gas-condensed phase flame-retardant effect.
