The Experts below are selected from a list of 252 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Guoguang Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The determination of zinc in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after its separation and preconcentration by malachite green loaded microcrystalline Triphenylmethane
Separation and Purification Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Xiaohong Zhao, Guoguang LiuAbstract:Abstract A new method for the separation and preconcentration of zinc using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with malachite green was developed prior to the determination by FAAS. The effects of different parameters, such as the amounts of malachite green, NH 4 SCN and Triphenylmethane, stirring time and various metal ions on the enrichment yield of zinc have been studied to optimize the experimental conditions. Under the optimum conditions, zinc can be adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with malachite green. The possible reaction mechanism for the preconcentration of zinc was discussed in detail in this paper. Zn(II) can be completely separated from Pb(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III) and Al(III) in the solution. The detection limit of this proposed method for zinc is 0.05 μg L −1 with preconcentration factor of 200. The recovery is in the range of 96.5–105%. The relative standard deviation is 1.0–3.1%. Analytical results obtained with this novel method are very satisfactory. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace zinc in various water samples by FAAS after preconcentration using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane.
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Study on Preconcentration of Trace Copper Using Microcrystalline Triphenylmethane Loaded with Malachite Green
Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Yong Liang, Xiaohong Zhao, Feng-ling Cui, Guoguang LiuAbstract:The paper describes a novel method for copper preconcentration using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with malachite green prior to the determination by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Under the optimum conditions, Cu(II) can be totally adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline Triphenylmethane, and completely separated from Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) and Al(III) by controlling acidity. The preconcentration factor of this proposed method is 200. The recovery is in a range of 97.5%–105%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is not beyond 3.0%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace copper in various water samples with satisfactory results.
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a novel method of the separation preconcentration and determination of trace molybdenum vi in water samples using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with salicyl fluorone
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006Co-Authors: Xiaohong Zhao, Xia Guan, Guoguang LiuAbstract:Abstract It is the first time that Triphenylmethane was used as an adsorbent to preconcentrate and separate trace amount of molybdenum in water samples. The effects of different parameters, such as acidity, stirring time and various metal ions, the amounts of Triphenylmethane and salicyl fluorine, etc. on the enrichment yield of molybdenum have been studied to optimize the experimental conditions. Under the optimum conditions, molybdenum can be adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with salicyl fluorone by the intermolecular action strength. The possible reaction mechanism for the enrichment of molybdenum was discussed in detail in this paper. Mo(VI) can be completely separated from Pb(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Fe(III) and Al(III) in the solution. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of molybdenum in various water samples by spectrophotometry after preconcentration using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane. The preconcentration factor is from 83 (500 ml water sample was enriched to 6.0 ml) to 166 (1000 ml water sample was enriched to 6.0 ml). The detection limit is 1.3 × 10 −5 mg l −1 and the linearity is maintained in the concentration range 3.8 × 10 −3 to 0.36 mg l −1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The recoveries are in the range of 93.5–104%. The relative standard deviation is 1.8–2.9%. Analytical results obtained with this novel method are very satisfactory.
Aaron V. Gulledge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of the Solvatochromic Behavior of the Disubstituted Triphenylmethane Dye Brilliant Green
Analytical chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Kerry K. Karukstis, Aaron V. GulledgeAbstract:The coincident spectral components of the main visible absorption band of the Triphenylmethane dye Brilliant Green can be resolved using a nonlinear least-squares fitting routine. This analysis reveals two Gaussian components, with centers near 600 and 630 nm, that possess additional spectral characteristics with a pronounced sensitivity to the dye's microenvironment. In particular, both the ratio of the heights of these Gaussian peaks and the ratio of their areas exhibit an inverted dependence on solvent dielectric constant, i.e., a reversal of solvatochromic behavior in media of low polarity. Such an absorption spectrum analysis facilitates the use of Triphenylmethane dyes that lack symmetric trisubstitution of the phenyl rings as environment-sensitive spectroscopic probes. We demonstrate further the utility of this approach through the spectrophotometric determination of the critical micelle concentration of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate using Brilliant Green as an optical probe.
Xiaohong Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The determination of zinc in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after its separation and preconcentration by malachite green loaded microcrystalline Triphenylmethane
Separation and Purification Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Xiaohong Zhao, Guoguang LiuAbstract:Abstract A new method for the separation and preconcentration of zinc using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with malachite green was developed prior to the determination by FAAS. The effects of different parameters, such as the amounts of malachite green, NH 4 SCN and Triphenylmethane, stirring time and various metal ions on the enrichment yield of zinc have been studied to optimize the experimental conditions. Under the optimum conditions, zinc can be adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with malachite green. The possible reaction mechanism for the preconcentration of zinc was discussed in detail in this paper. Zn(II) can be completely separated from Pb(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III) and Al(III) in the solution. The detection limit of this proposed method for zinc is 0.05 μg L −1 with preconcentration factor of 200. The recovery is in the range of 96.5–105%. The relative standard deviation is 1.0–3.1%. Analytical results obtained with this novel method are very satisfactory. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace zinc in various water samples by FAAS after preconcentration using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane.
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Study on Preconcentration of Trace Copper Using Microcrystalline Triphenylmethane Loaded with Malachite Green
Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Yong Liang, Xiaohong Zhao, Feng-ling Cui, Guoguang LiuAbstract:The paper describes a novel method for copper preconcentration using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with malachite green prior to the determination by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Under the optimum conditions, Cu(II) can be totally adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline Triphenylmethane, and completely separated from Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) and Al(III) by controlling acidity. The preconcentration factor of this proposed method is 200. The recovery is in a range of 97.5%–105%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is not beyond 3.0%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace copper in various water samples with satisfactory results.
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a novel method of the separation preconcentration and determination of trace molybdenum vi in water samples using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with salicyl fluorone
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006Co-Authors: Xiaohong Zhao, Xia Guan, Guoguang LiuAbstract:Abstract It is the first time that Triphenylmethane was used as an adsorbent to preconcentrate and separate trace amount of molybdenum in water samples. The effects of different parameters, such as acidity, stirring time and various metal ions, the amounts of Triphenylmethane and salicyl fluorine, etc. on the enrichment yield of molybdenum have been studied to optimize the experimental conditions. Under the optimum conditions, molybdenum can be adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline Triphenylmethane loaded with salicyl fluorone by the intermolecular action strength. The possible reaction mechanism for the enrichment of molybdenum was discussed in detail in this paper. Mo(VI) can be completely separated from Pb(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Fe(III) and Al(III) in the solution. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of molybdenum in various water samples by spectrophotometry after preconcentration using microcrystalline Triphenylmethane. The preconcentration factor is from 83 (500 ml water sample was enriched to 6.0 ml) to 166 (1000 ml water sample was enriched to 6.0 ml). The detection limit is 1.3 × 10 −5 mg l −1 and the linearity is maintained in the concentration range 3.8 × 10 −3 to 0.36 mg l −1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The recoveries are in the range of 93.5–104%. The relative standard deviation is 1.8–2.9%. Analytical results obtained with this novel method are very satisfactory.
Montserrat Sarrà - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolites from the biodegradation of Triphenylmethane dyes by Trametes versicolor or laccase
Chemosphere, 2009Co-Authors: N. Casas, Teodor Parella, Teresa Vicent, Gloria Caminal, Montserrat SarràAbstract:The feasibility of degrading Triphenylmethane dyes by Trametes versicolor and laccase has been investigated for the following dyes: Acid Fuchsin, Brilliant Green 1, Basic Fuchsin, Methyl Green or Acid Green 16. The toxicity level of Triphenylmethane dyes is linked to their basic character, but significant detoxification is obtained when there is biodegradation. Identification of enzymatic degradation products by (1)H NMR made it possible to propose a general rule for the laccase attack on Triphenylmethane compounds. The enzyme completely degrades the molecular part of the canonical resonance substructures of dyes, because no N-substituted, mono-N and di-N,N substituted p-amine aromatic residues seem to be wholly degraded. No enzymatic degradation is observed in the cases of either the non-substituted or trisubstituted-N,N,Np-amine aromatic residues. On the other hand, for all the dyes tested, no aromatic residues are detected after fungal treatment; this means that T. versicolor is more capable of performing further degradation than is laccase. The results of this study demonstrated that compounds with a Triphenylmethane structure can be degraded by T. versicolor even if they are highly toxic. The enzyme laccase plays an important role in the attack on the structure and a general rule for predicting which products would be obtained after the enzymatic treatment is suggested.
Christopher T Elliott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the potential for human exposure direct and indirect to the suspected carcinogenic Triphenylmethane dye brilliant green from green paper towels
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Michalina Oplatowska, Ryan F Donnelly, Rita Majithiya, Glenn D Kennedy, Christopher T ElliottAbstract:Triphenylmethanes - Malachite Green (MG), Crystal Violet (CV) and Brilliant Green (BG) are dyes with known genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. Apart from being illegally used in aquaculture for treatment of fish diseases they are also applied in industry such as paper production to colour paper towels widely used in hospitals, factories and other locations for hand drying after washing. The present study provides evidence that the Triphenylmethane dye (BG) present in green paper towels can migrate through the skin even when the exposure time is short (30-300 s). The transfer of the dye from the towel to food (fish) was also studied and a high amount of colour was found to migrate during overnight exposure. The risk to humans associated with these two dye transfer studies was assessed using a 'margin of exposure approach' on the basis of the toxicological data available for the closely related dye MG and its metabolite Leucomalachite Green. The data indicated that the risk associated with the use of Triphenylmethane containing paper towels is of a similar proportion to the risk associated with consumption of fish contaminated with these dyes due to the illegal application in aquaculture.
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development and validation of a fast monoclonal based disequilibrium enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Triphenylmethane dyes and their metabolites in fish
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2011Co-Authors: Michalina Oplatowska, Lisa Connolly, Paul J Stevenson, Sara Stead, Christopher T ElliottAbstract:Abstract Malachite Green (MG), Crystal Violet (CV) and Brilliant Green (BG) are antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic agents that have been used for treatment and prevention of diseases in fish. These dyes are metabolized into reduced leuco forms (LMG, LCV, LBG) that can be present in fish muscles for a long period. Due to the carcinogenic properties they are banned for use in fish for human consumption in many countries including the European Union and the United States. HPLC and LC–MS techniques are generally used for the detection of these compounds and their metabolites in fish. This study presents the development of a fast enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method as an alternative for screening purposes. A first monoclonal cell line producing antibodies to MG was generated using a hybridoma technique. The antibody had good cross-reactivates with related chromatic forms of Triphenylmethane dyes such as CV, BG, Methyl Green, Methyl Violet and Victoria Blue R. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used to develop a fast (20 min) disequilibrium ELISA screening method for the detection of Triphenylmethanes in fish. By introducing an oxidation step with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) during sample extraction the assay was also used to detect the presence of the reduced metabolites of Triphenylmethanes. The detection capability of the assay was 1 ng g −1 for MG, LMG, CV, LCV and BG which was below the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) for the detection method of total MG (sum of MG and LMG) set by the Commission Decision 2004/25/EC (2 ng g −1 ). The mean recoveries for fish samples spiked at 0.5 MRPL and MRPL levels with MG and LMG were between 74.9 and 117.0% and inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation between 4.7 and 25.7%. The validated method allows the analysis of a batch of 20 samples in two to three hours. Additionally, this procedure is substantially faster than other ELISA methods developed for MG/LMG thus far. The stable and efficient monoclonal cell line obtained is an unlimited source of sensitive and specific antibody to MG and other Triphenylmethanes.
