Trissolcus basalis

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Stefano Colazza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys affects the reproductive success and the experience-mediated behavioural responses of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis
    BioControl, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ezio Peri, Antonino Cusumano, Maria Cristina Foti, Letizia Martorana, Stefano Colazza
    Abstract:

    Invasive species, because of their lack of co-evolutionary history with recipient communities, can act as “evolutionary traps” causing disconnects between natural enemy behavioural responses and the suitability of the invasive species as a prey/host resource. Invasion of exotic species in non-native environments may have several ecological effects, including consequences for the experience-mediated behavioural responses of indigenous foragers. Experience is usually thought to help resident species to buffer against negative impacts of new invasive species, including escaping from evolutionary traps. Here we hypothesized that the impact of foraging experience depends on whether an indigenous egg parasitoid can correctly assess the resource suitability of a new invasive species for offspring development. We showed that the invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys acts as an evolutionary trap for the indigenous egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis leading to unsuccessful development of ~ 95% of the eggs laid in this host species. In a mixed scenario in which the associated resident stink bug Nezara viridula co-occurs with the invasive H. halys , we showed that oviposition experience in the low quality invasive host induces in T. basalis similar responses to those of the associated host. These results suggest that foraging experience does not lead to avoidance of an evolutionary trap. We discuss parasitoid foraging experience and reproductive success in the light of the evolutionary trap framework with implication for biological control.

  • Effects of water stress on emission of volatile organic compounds by Vicia faba, and consequences for attraction of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis
    Journal of Pest Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Gianandrea Salerno, Stefano Colazza, Francesca Frati, Giovanni Marino, Luisa Ederli, Stefania Pasqualini, Francesco Loreto, Mauro Centritto
    Abstract:

    When plants are damaged by herbivorous insects, blends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are induced and released and can also be used by parasitoids to locate hosts. The aim was to determine whether VOCs induced by water stress affect the plant–herbivore–parasitoid system represented by broad bean (Vicia faba; Fabales: Fabaceae) stink bug (Nezara viridula; Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) egg parasitoid (Trissolcus basalis; Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). The effects of water stress (expressed as the percentage fraction of transpirable soil water [FTSW] supplied) alone and in combination with N. viridula damage (feeding plus oviposition) were determined according to: (1) the behavioural response of the egg parasitoid in a Y-tube olfactometer and (2) the plant VOCs collected and analysed by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. With pot water capacity as FTSW100, water stress was applied as mild (FTSW80), moderate (FTSW50) and severe (FTSW10). Bioassays with plants under abiotic stress alone showed that egg parasitoids are more attracted by FTSW10 plants than by well-watered plants. When plants were under abiotic and biotic stress interactions, the egg parasitoids are more attracted by FTSW10 and FTSW50 plants than by well-watered plants infested with N. viridula. Considering VOCs emissions, projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) separated treatments according to egg parasitoid responses. Water stress alone and in combination with biotic stress induced changes in VOC emissions of V. faba plants that attract egg parasitoids. These findings contribute to our understanding of how water stress affects the interactions between plants, insect pests and egg parasitoids.

  • Foraging behaviour of an egg parasitoid exploiting plant volatiles induced by pentatomids: the role of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces
    PeerJ Inc., 2017
    Co-Authors: Francesca Frati, Ezio Peri, Stefano Colazza, Eric Conti, Antonino Cusumano, Letizia Martorana, Salvatore Guarino, Roberto Romani, Gianandrea Salerno
    Abstract:

    Several phases of herbivorous insect attack including feeding and oviposition are known to induce plant defenses. Plants emit volatiles induced by herbivores to recruit insect parasitoids as an indirect defense strategy. So far, volatiles induced by herbivore walking and their putative role in the foraging behavior of egg parasitoids have not been investigated. In this paper we studied the response of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis toward volatiles emitted by Vicia faba plants as consequence of the walking activity of the host Nezara viridula. Olfactometer bioassays were carried out to evaluate wasp responses to plants in which the abaxial or the adaxial surfaces were subjected to walking or/and oviposition. Results showed that host female walking on the abaxial but not on the adaxial surface caused a repellence effect in T. basalis 24 h after plant treatment. The emission of active volatiles also occurred when the leaf was turned upside-down, indicating a specificity of stress localization. This specificity was supported by the results, which showed that oviposition combined with feeding elicit the induction of plant volatiles, attracting the parasitoid, when the attack occurred on the abaxial surface. Analyses of plant volatile blends showed significant differences between the treatments

  • Intraguild Interactions between Egg Parasitoids: Window of Opportunity and Fitness Costs for a Facultative
    2013
    Co-Authors: Antonino Cusumano, Ezio Peri, Jeremy N. Mcneil, Valentina Amodeo, Stefano Colazza
    Abstract:

    We investigated intraguild interactions between two egg parasitoids of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygas-tridae), as the former has the potential to be a facultative hyperparasitoid of the latter. We assessed the suitability of N. viridula eggs for the development of O. telenomicida as a function of egg age when they were unparasitized, or had been attacked by T. basalis at different times prior to exposure to O. telenomicida females. Ooencyrtus telenomicida can exploit healthy N. viridula host eggs up to 5 days of age, just prior to the emergence of N. viridula. This window of opportunity can be extended for an additional 6–7 days through interspecific competition or facultative hyperparasitism. While there are minor fitness costs for O. telenomicida as the result of interspecific larval competition, those costs are greater with facultative hyperparasitism. In choice assays O. telenomicida females discriminated between different quality N. viridula eggs, avoiding those where their progeny would have to develop as facultative hyperparasitoids of T. basalis. Results are discussed with respect to the possible effects that the costs of intraguild parasitism might have on biological control programmes

  • Window of opportunity for Ooencyrtus telenomicida as function of host egg age and interspecific parasitism status.
    2013
    Co-Authors: Antonino Cusumano, Ezio Peri, Jeremy N. Mcneil, Valentina Amodeo, Stefano Colazza
    Abstract:

    The emergence of Ooencyrtus telenomicida from (A) unparasitized 1 to 5 day old Nezara viridula eggs (Ot); (B) 1day old N. viridula eggs parasitized by Trissolcus basalis that were then parasitized by O. telenomicida 1 to 8 days later (Tb1-Ot); and (C) 3 day old N. viridula eggs parasitized by T. basalis that were then parasitized by O. telenomicida 1 to 8 days later (Tb3-Ot).

Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parasitismo de huevos de Piezodorus guildinii y Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) en soja, alfalfa y trébol rojo
    2020
    Co-Authors: Cingolani, María Fernanda, Greco, Nancy Mabel, Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo
    Abstract:

    Piezodorus guildinii Westwood y Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) son importantes plagas en soja. P. guildinii causa mayores daños y es menos susceptible a los insecticidas. Los parasitoides oófagos de N. viridula fueron ampliamente estudiados, pero poco se conoce sobre los de P. guildinii. Se muestreó alfalfa, soja y trébol rojo durante varias temporadas para caracterizar la abundancia de ambas chinches, identificar sus parasitoides y estimar el impacto de los mismos. Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) y Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emergieron de P. guildinii, mientras que solo T. basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emergió de N. viridula. Las proporciones de huevos (impacto del parasitoide) y de posturas parasitadas, y el número de huevos parasitados/número total de huevos de las posturas parasitadas, fueron similares para alfalfa y soja. En trébol rojo no se registró parasitismo. El impacto del parasitoide fue menor durante las temporadas secas. Si bien el parasitismo de P. guildinii por T. urichi a campo fue poco significativo, los antecedentes de la bibliografía indican que su desempeño en el laboratorio sobre este hospedador es muy bueno. T. urichi podría ser un potencial agente de control biológico de P. guildinii, principalmente en situaciones de mayor abundancia de la chinche.Piezodorus guildinii Westwood and Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are important soybean pests. P. guildinii causes more injury and is less susceptible to insecticides compared to N. viridula. N. viridula egg parasitoids are well studied; however, little is known about parasitoids of P. guildinii. Alfalfa, soybean and red clover were sampled during several seasons to characterize the abundance of both stink bugs, to determine their egg parasitoids, and to estimate parasitoids impact. In the field, Telenomus podisi (Ashmead),Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emerged from P. guildinii, while only T. basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emerged from N. viridula. The proportions of parasitized eggs (i. e., the parasitoid impact) and egg masses, as well as the number of parasitized eggs/total number of eggs of the parasitized egg masses, were similar for alfalfa and soybean. Parasitism was not observed in red pclover. Parasitoid impact was lower during the dry growing seasons. Although P. guildinii field parasitism by T. urichi was less significant, laboratory experiments from the bibliography indicate that this wasp species performs well on this host. Trissolcus urichi would be an important biological control agent against P. guildinii, principally when the stink bug is more abundant.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

  • Analysis of the interaction among Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the parasitoids Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Playgastridae) and Trichopoda giacomellii (Diptera: Tachinidae)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo, Cingolani, María Fernanda, Roggiero, Martha Florencia, Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo
    Abstract:

    Nezara viridula es plaga de varios cultivos en regiones templadas y tropicales. Sus principales enemigos naturales son parasitoides de huevos (Trissolcus basalis) y de adultos (Trichopoda giacomelli). En la Argentina, Brasil y Australia el efecto de uno solo de estos gremios de enemigos naturales no fue suficiente para controlar al herbívoro, pero luego de introducir al gremio restante el control fue efectivo. Presentamos un modelo de simulación dinámica del sistema N. viridula – T. basalis – T. giacomellii. Ningún parasitoide actuando solo puede mantener a N. viridula por debajo de una nivel de daño. Estos resultados se condicen con la dinámica observada a campo.Nezara viridula is a pest of several crops in temperate and tropical regions. Its main natural enemies are parasitoids of eggs (Trissolcus basalis) and of adults (Trichopoda giacomelli). In Argentina, Brazil and Australia the effect of only one of these guilds of natural enemies was not sufficient to control the herbivore, but after introducing the remaining guild, control was effective. We present a dynamic simulation model of the interaction N. viridula – T. basalis – T. giacomellii. No parasitoid guild acting alone can keep N. viridula below the damage threshold. These results are consistent with the dynamics observed in field.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

  • Parasitismo de huevos de Piezodorus guildinii y Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) en soja, alfalfa y trébol rojo
    Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cingolani, María Fernanda, Greco, Nancy Mabel, Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo
    Abstract:

    Piezodorus guildinii Westwood and Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are important soybean pests. P. guildinii causes more injury and is less susceptible to insecticides compared to N. viridula. N. viridula egg parasitoids are well studied; however, little is known about parasitoids of P. guildinii. Alfalfa, soybean and red clover were sampled during several seasons to characterize the abundance of both stink bugs, to determine their egg parasitoids, and to estimate parasitoids impact. In the field, Telenomus podisi (Ashmead),Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emerged from P. guildinii, while only T. basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emerged from N. viridula. The proportions of parasitized eggs (i. e., the parasitoid impact) and egg masses, as well as the number of parasitized eggs/total number of eggs of the parasitized egg masses, were similar for alfalfa and soybean. Parasitism was not observed in red pclover. Parasitoid impact was lower during the dry growing seasons. Although P. guildinii field parasitism by T. urichi was less significant, laboratory experiments from the bibliography indicate that this wasp species performs well on this host. Trissolcus urichi would be an important biological control agent against P. guildinii, principally when the stink bug is more abundant.Piezodorus guildinii Westwoody Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) son importantes plagas en soja. P. guildinii causa mayores daños y es menos susceptible a los insecticidas. Los parasitoides oófagos de N. viridula fueron ampliamente estudiados, pero poco se conoce sobre los de P. guildinii. Se muestreó alfalfa, soja y trébol rojo durante varias temporadas para caracterizar la abundancia de ambas chinches, identificar sus parasitoides y estimar el impacto de los mismos. Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) y Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emergieron de P. guildinii, mientras que solo T. basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emergió de N. viridula. Las proporciones de huevos (impacto del parasitoide) y de posturas parasitadas, y el número de huevos parasitados/número total de huevos de las posturas parasitadas, fueron similares para alfalfa y soja. En trébol rojo no se registró parasitismo. El impacto del parasitoide fue menor durante las temporadas secas. Si bien el parasitismo de P. guildinii por T. urichi a campo fue poco significativo, los antecedentes de la bibliografía indican que su desempeño en el laboratorio sobre este hospedador es muy bueno. T. urichi podría ser un potencial agente de control biológico de P. guildinii, principalmente en situaciones de mayor abundancia de la chinche.Fil: Cingolani, María Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Greco, Nancy Mabel. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plat

  • Effect of Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus urichi, and Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) Age on Attack of Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs
    'Entomological Society of America', 2014
    Co-Authors: Cingolani, María Fernanda, Greco, Nancy Mabel, Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo
    Abstract:

    Parasitoid's performance is subject to parasitism decisions inßuenced by host quality and parasitoidÕs age. We evaluated parasitism, emergence, and the progeny sex ratio proportions of Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford), and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) females of different age attacking Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an important soybean pest. Eggs were offered to females of T. podisi 1Ð10 d old, T. urichi 1, 3, 4, or 6 d old, or T. basalis 1Ð 6 or 8 d old. Average egg parasitism proportions were 0.71 and 0.79 to T. podisi and T. urichi, respectively; and preimaginal survivorship was 97% for both species. Trissolcus basalisfemales 1, 2, and 3 d old did not parasitize P. guildinii eggs, and high parasitism proportions were recorded from older females, but only 0.5 of females attacked host eggs. A greater proportion of males were produced in the progeny of T. podisi and T. urichi as maternal age increased, but no differences were found in the progeny of T. basalis wasps of different ages. The results from this study indicate that performance of T. podisi and T. urichi would not be affected by the age of the females. However, aging would induce T. basalis females to attack P. guildinii, although it is known that their main host is Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Under certain circumstances, such as shortage of preferred host availability, high egg load, and short life expectancy, this wasp may include P. guildinii as a host.El desempeño delos parasitoides depende delas decisiones de parasitismo,influenciadas por la calidad del hospedador y la edad del parasitoide. Evaluamos las proporciones de parasitismo, emergencia de la progenie, y sexos en la progenie de hembras de Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) y Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) de diferentes edades, parasitando huevos de Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), principal plaga de soja. El hospedador fue ofrecido a hembras de T. podisi de 1Ð10 días de edad, T. urichi 1, 3, 4 o´ 6 días, o´ T. basalis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 o´ 8 días. Las proporciones promedio de parasitismo fueron 0,71 y 0,79 (T. podisi y T. urichi respectivamente), y la supervivencia preimaginal superior al 97% para ambas. Hembras de T. basalis de 1, 2 y 3 dõ´as no parasitaron. La proporción de parasitismo fue alto para las avispas mayores, si bien solo 0,5 de las hembras ataco´ los huevos ofrecidos. A mayor edad de las avispas, mayor proporción de machos en la progenie de T. podisi y T. urichi, pero en la progenie de T. basalis de distintas edades no hubo diferencias. El desempeño de T. podisi y T. urichi no será afectado por la edad de las hembras. Sin embargo, a mayor edad, las hembras de T. basalis serían inducidas a atacar a P. guildinii, un hospedador de baja calidad. Con escasez del hospedador preferido, alta carga de huevos y baja expectativa de vida, esta avispa utilizaría a P. guildinii como hospedador.Fil: Cingolani, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); ArgentinaFil: Greco, Nancy Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); ArgentinaFil: Liljesthrom, Gerardo Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); Argentin

  • Susceptibility of Nezara Viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) egg masses of different sizes to parasitism by Trissolcus basalis (Woll.) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in the field
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2013
    Co-Authors: Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo, Cingolani, María Fernanda, Roggiero, Martha Florencia
    Abstract:

    Egg masses of Nezara viridula (L.) are commonly parasitized by Trissolcus basalis (Woll.), and we investigated the role of size of egg masses on parasitization by T. basalis. Sentinel egg masses were exposed to parasitism in the field for 6–7 days, when they were collected for evaluation of parasitoid emergence. We recorded the number of eggs per egg mass, the number of emerged hosts, and the number of empty and parasitized eggs. We calculated the proportion of attacked host egg masses (DE), the proportion of parasitized eggs per attacked egg mass (PE), and total parasitism (PI). The total number of egg masses exposed to parasitism was 330. The minimum, mean, and maximum egg mass sizes were 25, 75.2, and 111, respectively. DE and PE varied widely between different fields, and they were independent of egg mass size. In 14.2% of all parasitized egg masses, we found simultaneous emergence of T. basalis and N. viridula independently of host egg mass size. PE exhibited low variability compared with PI and DE, which were linearly related. PI and DE values from other field studies are consistent with the linear relationship, suggesting that PI is mostly related to the proportion of the DE. This also suggests that total parasitism is independent of egg mass size, of possible differences in plant species, and T. basalis density and strains.Fil: Liljesthrom, Gerardo Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); ArgentinaFil: Cingolani, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); ArgentinaFil: Roggiero, Martha Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); Argentin

Miguel Borges - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lethal and sublethal effects of four essential oils on the egg parasitoids Trissolcus basalis.
    Chemosphere, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jorge Omar Werdin Gonzalez, Raul Alberto Laumann, Samantha Da Silveira, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Miguel Borges, Adriana Alicia Ferrero
    Abstract:

    The essential oils from leaves of Schinus molle var. areira, Aloysia citriodora, Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris have showed potential as phytoinsecticides against the green stink bug, Nezara viridula. In this work were evaluated their toxicological and behavioral effects on the parasitoid Trissolcus basalis, a biological control agent of this pest insect. Essential oils were obtained via hydrodestillation from fresh leaves. Insecticide activity in T. basalis females was evaluated in direct contact and fumigation bioassays. Behavioral effects were evaluated in olfactometer bioassays. To evaluate the residual toxicity, females of the parasitoids were exposed to oil residues; in these insects, the sublethal effects were evaluated (potential parasitism and survivorship of immature stages). The essential oils from O. vulgare and T. vulgaris proved to be highly selective when used as fumigant and did not change parasitoid behavior. After one week, the residues of these oils were harmless and did not show sublethal effects against T. basalis. According with these results, essential oils have potential applications for the integrated management of N. viridula.

  • influence of visual cues on host searching and learning behaviour of the egg parasitoids telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis
    Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2012
    Co-Authors: Miguel Borges, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Michely F. S. Aquino, Aline Moreira Dias, Raul Alberto Laumann
    Abstract:

    Insect parasitoids use a variety of chemical and physical cues when foraging for hosts and food. Parasitoids can learn cues that lead them to the hosts, thus contributing to better foraging. One of the cues that influence host-searching behaviour could be colour. In this study, we investigated the ability of females of the parasitoid wasps Telenomus podisi Ashmead and Trissolcus basalis Wollaston (both Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to respond to colours and to associate the presence of hosts – eggs of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) – with coloured substrates after training (associative learning). Two sets of experiments were conducted: in one the innate preference for substrate colours was examined, in the other associative learning of substrate colour and host presence was tested in multiple-choice and dual-choice experiments. In the associative learning experiments, Te. podisi and Tr. basalis were trained to respond to differently coloured substrates containing hosts in two sessions of 2 h each, with 1-h intervals. In multiple-choice experiments, the wasps displayed innate preference for yellow substrates over green, brown, black, or white ones. Even after being trained on substrates of different colours, both parasitoids continued to show preference for yellow substrates. The response to the colours of substrates of both parasitoids was related with the orientation to the plant foliage during the search for hosts.

  • Defesas induzidas por herbivoria e interações específicas no sistema tritrófico soja-percevejos-parasitoides de ovos
    Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ana Paula Silva Lopes, Miguel Borges, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Ivone Rezende Diniz, Raul Alberto Laumann
    Abstract:

    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de voláteis de soja, induzidos pela herbivoria dos percevejos Euschistus heros e Nezara viridula, no comportamento de busca de hospedeiros dos parasitoides Telenomus podisi e Trissolcus basalis. Plantas injuriadas pela alimentação dos percevejos foram utilizadas como estímulos em bioensaios com fêmeas dos parasitoides, em olfatômetro de dupla escolha tipo Y. Telenomus podisi respondeu somente a voláteis liberados pela soja após a herbivoria de E. heros, seu hospedeiro preferencial. Trissolcus basalis não foi influenciado pelas plantas injuriadas pelos percevejos. Os resultados obtidos indicam existência de interações espécie-específicas no sistema tritrófico soja-percevejos-parasitoides de ovos

  • Egg parasitoid wasps as natural enemies of the neotropical stink bug Dichelops melacanthus Vespas parasitoides de ovos como inimigos naturais do percevejo neotropical Dichelops melacanthus
    Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2010
    Co-Authors: Raul Alberto Laumann, Samantha Da Silveira, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Joseane Padilha Da Silva, Afrânio Márcio Corrêa Vieira, Miguel Borges
    Abstract:

    The objective of this work was to determine the potential of five species of Scelionidae wasps - Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus basalis, Trissolcus urichi, Trissolcus teretis and Trissolcus brochymenae - as natural enemies of the neotropical stink bug Dichelops melacanthus, and to determine if the presence of eggs of other stink bug species influences the parasitism and development of the parasitoids. Two kinds of experiments were done in laboratory: without choice of hosts (eggs of D. melacanthus) and with choice (eggs of D. melacanthus and of Euschistus heros). Biological parameters, including proportion of parasitism, immature survivorship, progeny sex ratio, immature stage development period, and host preference were recorded. All the evaluated parasitoids can parasitize and develop on D. melacanthus eggs. The first choice of eggs did not influence the proportion of D. melacanthus eggs parasitized by Tr. basalis, Tr. teretis or Tr. brochymenae. However, D. melacanthus eggs as the first choice of Te. podisi and Tr. urichi increased, respectively, 9 and 14 times the chance for parasitism on eggs of this species. Behavioral and ecological aspects of parasitoids should be considered prior to their use in biological control programs.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o potencial de cinco espécies de vespas Scelionidae - Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus basalis, Trissolcus urichi, Trissolcus teretis e Trissolcus brochymenae -, como inimigos naturais do percevejo neotropical Dichelops melacanthus, e determinar se a presença de ovos de outras espécies de percevejo tem influência sobre o parasitismo e o desenvolvimento dos parasitoides. Foram realizados dois tipos de experimentos em laboratório: sem escolha de hospedeiros (ovos de D. melacanthus) e com escolha (ovos de D. melacanthus e de Euschistus heros). Foram registrados parâmetros biológicos que incluíram: proporção de parasitismo, sobrevivência de imaturos, razão sexual da progênie, tempo de desenvolvimento dos estágios imaturos e preferência de hospedeiro. Todas as espécies de parasitóides avaliadas podem parasitar e desenvolver-se em ovos de D. melacanthus. A escolha inicial de ovos não influenciou a proporção de ovos de D. melacanthus parasitados por Tr. basalis, Tr. teretis ou Tr. brochymenae. Entretanto, para Te. podisi e Tr. urichi, a escolha inicial por ovos de D. melacanthus aumentou em 9 e 14 vezes, respectivamente, a chance de parasitismo nesta espécie. Aspectos comportamentais e ecológicos dos inimigos naturais devem ser considerados antes de sua utilização em programas de controle biológico

  • Response of the Egg Parasitoids Trissolcus basalis and Telenomus podisi to Compounds from Defensive Secretions of Stink Bugs
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Raul Alberto Laumann, Michely F. S. Aquino, Maria C. B. Moraes, Martín Pareja, Miguel Borges
    Abstract:

    We tested the hypotheses that host-searching behavior of the egg parasitoids Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis may be differentially influenced by the different blends of volatiles released from the metathoracic glands of adult stink bug host species. We further studied whether such a differential response is due to different individual components of these glands and whether these responses reflect host preferences. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays were carried out with crude extracts of metathoracic glands of five different host species of neotropical stink bugs. Additionally, we tested the parasitoids’ responses to synthetic standards of individual compounds identified in these stink bug glands. Results showed that females of T. basalis and T. podisi responded differentially to crude gland extracts of the different species of host stink bugs and to the compounds tested. The parasitoid T. basalis showed a positive taxic behavior to Nezara viridula methathoracxic gland extracts of a host species preferred in the field, i.e., N. viridula. Furthermore, T. basalis responded positively to 4-oxo-( E )-2-hexenal and ( E )-2-decenal, two components of N. viridula glandular secretion. Higher residence time, reduced linear velocity, and higher tortuosity in the arm of the olfactometer supplied with 4-oxo-( E )-2-hexenal showed that this compound modifies the kinetics of some traits of T. basalis walking pattern and suggests that it might stimulate the searching behavior of this parasitoid. The parasitoid T. podisi was attracted to crude gland extracts of the preferred host ( Euschistus heros ) and also to 4-oxo-( E )-2-hexenal. Additionally, this parasitoid responded positively to ( E )-2-hexenal and to the hydrocarbon tridecane, both of which are defensive compounds released from the metathoracic glands by several stink bugs. The results indicate some degree of specialization in the response of two generalist parasitoid species toward defensive secretions of stink bugs.

Cingolani, María Fernanda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parasitismo de huevos de Piezodorus guildinii y Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) en soja, alfalfa y trébol rojo
    2020
    Co-Authors: Cingolani, María Fernanda, Greco, Nancy Mabel, Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo
    Abstract:

    Piezodorus guildinii Westwood y Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) son importantes plagas en soja. P. guildinii causa mayores daños y es menos susceptible a los insecticidas. Los parasitoides oófagos de N. viridula fueron ampliamente estudiados, pero poco se conoce sobre los de P. guildinii. Se muestreó alfalfa, soja y trébol rojo durante varias temporadas para caracterizar la abundancia de ambas chinches, identificar sus parasitoides y estimar el impacto de los mismos. Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) y Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emergieron de P. guildinii, mientras que solo T. basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emergió de N. viridula. Las proporciones de huevos (impacto del parasitoide) y de posturas parasitadas, y el número de huevos parasitados/número total de huevos de las posturas parasitadas, fueron similares para alfalfa y soja. En trébol rojo no se registró parasitismo. El impacto del parasitoide fue menor durante las temporadas secas. Si bien el parasitismo de P. guildinii por T. urichi a campo fue poco significativo, los antecedentes de la bibliografía indican que su desempeño en el laboratorio sobre este hospedador es muy bueno. T. urichi podría ser un potencial agente de control biológico de P. guildinii, principalmente en situaciones de mayor abundancia de la chinche.Piezodorus guildinii Westwood and Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are important soybean pests. P. guildinii causes more injury and is less susceptible to insecticides compared to N. viridula. N. viridula egg parasitoids are well studied; however, little is known about parasitoids of P. guildinii. Alfalfa, soybean and red clover were sampled during several seasons to characterize the abundance of both stink bugs, to determine their egg parasitoids, and to estimate parasitoids impact. In the field, Telenomus podisi (Ashmead),Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emerged from P. guildinii, while only T. basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emerged from N. viridula. The proportions of parasitized eggs (i. e., the parasitoid impact) and egg masses, as well as the number of parasitized eggs/total number of eggs of the parasitized egg masses, were similar for alfalfa and soybean. Parasitism was not observed in red pclover. Parasitoid impact was lower during the dry growing seasons. Although P. guildinii field parasitism by T. urichi was less significant, laboratory experiments from the bibliography indicate that this wasp species performs well on this host. Trissolcus urichi would be an important biological control agent against P. guildinii, principally when the stink bug is more abundant.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

  • Analysis of the interaction among Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the parasitoids Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Playgastridae) and Trichopoda giacomellii (Diptera: Tachinidae)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo, Cingolani, María Fernanda, Roggiero, Martha Florencia, Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo
    Abstract:

    Nezara viridula es plaga de varios cultivos en regiones templadas y tropicales. Sus principales enemigos naturales son parasitoides de huevos (Trissolcus basalis) y de adultos (Trichopoda giacomelli). En la Argentina, Brasil y Australia el efecto de uno solo de estos gremios de enemigos naturales no fue suficiente para controlar al herbívoro, pero luego de introducir al gremio restante el control fue efectivo. Presentamos un modelo de simulación dinámica del sistema N. viridula – T. basalis – T. giacomellii. Ningún parasitoide actuando solo puede mantener a N. viridula por debajo de una nivel de daño. Estos resultados se condicen con la dinámica observada a campo.Nezara viridula is a pest of several crops in temperate and tropical regions. Its main natural enemies are parasitoids of eggs (Trissolcus basalis) and of adults (Trichopoda giacomelli). In Argentina, Brazil and Australia the effect of only one of these guilds of natural enemies was not sufficient to control the herbivore, but after introducing the remaining guild, control was effective. We present a dynamic simulation model of the interaction N. viridula – T. basalis – T. giacomellii. No parasitoid guild acting alone can keep N. viridula below the damage threshold. These results are consistent with the dynamics observed in field.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

  • Parasitismo de huevos de Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: pentatomidae) por Trissolcus basalis y Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: scelionidae) en el Noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires
    'Universidad Nacional de La Plata', 2016
    Co-Authors: Cingolani, María Fernanda
    Abstract:

    El cultivo de soja ha experimentado una gran expansión en varios países, en los últimos 10 años. Los hemípteros fitófagos de la familia Pentatomidae, conocidos como “chinches”, causan un importante daño sobre las semillas al alimentarse. En la Argentina, las especies más importantes son Piezodorus guildinii, Nezara viridula, Edessa meditabunda y Dichelops furcatus. Tanto en soja como en alfalfa P. guildinii es la más abundante en la actualidad, y la que más afecta a la calidad y la viabilidad de la semilla. Los himenópteros parasitoides de la familia Scelionidae son los principales enemigos naturales de estas “chinches”, y han sido utilizados como agentes de control biológico en varios países. Son endoparasitoides, oófagos, solitarios e idiobiontes y sus estados preimaginales se desarrollan dentro del huevo del hospedador, emergiendo el adulto de vida libre que se alimenta de néctar. Las hembras arrenotóquicas producen machos haploides o hembras diploides, y la relación de sexos en la progenie está sesgada hacia las hembras. Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus urichi y Trissolcus basalis atacan posturas de P. guildinii y también de N. viridula. En los cultivos de soja del área de estudio ambas “chinches” coexisten, y los antecedentes indican a P. guildinii como el principal hospedador de T. podisi y de T. urichi, y a N. viridula como hospedador de T. basalis. El impacto del parasitoidismo depende de la eficiencia en la detección de posturas del hospedador, así como de la eficiencia del parasitoidismo. El tamaño de la postura en particular puede influir en esta última, ya que si la respuesta del parasitoide es densodependiente directa, el impacto del parasitoidismo aumentará con el aumento de tamaño de la postura.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

  • Parasitismo de huevos de Piezodorus guildinii y Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) en soja, alfalfa y trébol rojo
    Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2014
    Co-Authors: Cingolani, María Fernanda, Greco, Nancy Mabel, Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo
    Abstract:

    Piezodorus guildinii Westwood and Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are important soybean pests. P. guildinii causes more injury and is less susceptible to insecticides compared to N. viridula. N. viridula egg parasitoids are well studied; however, little is known about parasitoids of P. guildinii. Alfalfa, soybean and red clover were sampled during several seasons to characterize the abundance of both stink bugs, to determine their egg parasitoids, and to estimate parasitoids impact. In the field, Telenomus podisi (Ashmead),Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emerged from P. guildinii, while only T. basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emerged from N. viridula. The proportions of parasitized eggs (i. e., the parasitoid impact) and egg masses, as well as the number of parasitized eggs/total number of eggs of the parasitized egg masses, were similar for alfalfa and soybean. Parasitism was not observed in red pclover. Parasitoid impact was lower during the dry growing seasons. Although P. guildinii field parasitism by T. urichi was less significant, laboratory experiments from the bibliography indicate that this wasp species performs well on this host. Trissolcus urichi would be an important biological control agent against P. guildinii, principally when the stink bug is more abundant.Piezodorus guildinii Westwoody Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) son importantes plagas en soja. P. guildinii causa mayores daños y es menos susceptible a los insecticidas. Los parasitoides oófagos de N. viridula fueron ampliamente estudiados, pero poco se conoce sobre los de P. guildinii. Se muestreó alfalfa, soja y trébol rojo durante varias temporadas para caracterizar la abundancia de ambas chinches, identificar sus parasitoides y estimar el impacto de los mismos. Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) y Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emergieron de P. guildinii, mientras que solo T. basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) emergió de N. viridula. Las proporciones de huevos (impacto del parasitoide) y de posturas parasitadas, y el número de huevos parasitados/número total de huevos de las posturas parasitadas, fueron similares para alfalfa y soja. En trébol rojo no se registró parasitismo. El impacto del parasitoide fue menor durante las temporadas secas. Si bien el parasitismo de P. guildinii por T. urichi a campo fue poco significativo, los antecedentes de la bibliografía indican que su desempeño en el laboratorio sobre este hospedador es muy bueno. T. urichi podría ser un potencial agente de control biológico de P. guildinii, principalmente en situaciones de mayor abundancia de la chinche.Fil: Cingolani, María Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Greco, Nancy Mabel. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plat

  • Effect of Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus urichi, and Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) Age on Attack of Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs
    'Entomological Society of America', 2014
    Co-Authors: Cingolani, María Fernanda, Greco, Nancy Mabel, Liljesthröm, Gerardo Gustavo
    Abstract:

    Parasitoid's performance is subject to parasitism decisions inßuenced by host quality and parasitoidÕs age. We evaluated parasitism, emergence, and the progeny sex ratio proportions of Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford), and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) females of different age attacking Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an important soybean pest. Eggs were offered to females of T. podisi 1Ð10 d old, T. urichi 1, 3, 4, or 6 d old, or T. basalis 1Ð 6 or 8 d old. Average egg parasitism proportions were 0.71 and 0.79 to T. podisi and T. urichi, respectively; and preimaginal survivorship was 97% for both species. Trissolcus basalisfemales 1, 2, and 3 d old did not parasitize P. guildinii eggs, and high parasitism proportions were recorded from older females, but only 0.5 of females attacked host eggs. A greater proportion of males were produced in the progeny of T. podisi and T. urichi as maternal age increased, but no differences were found in the progeny of T. basalis wasps of different ages. The results from this study indicate that performance of T. podisi and T. urichi would not be affected by the age of the females. However, aging would induce T. basalis females to attack P. guildinii, although it is known that their main host is Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Under certain circumstances, such as shortage of preferred host availability, high egg load, and short life expectancy, this wasp may include P. guildinii as a host.El desempeño delos parasitoides depende delas decisiones de parasitismo,influenciadas por la calidad del hospedador y la edad del parasitoide. Evaluamos las proporciones de parasitismo, emergencia de la progenie, y sexos en la progenie de hembras de Telenomus podisi (Ashmead), Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) y Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) de diferentes edades, parasitando huevos de Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), principal plaga de soja. El hospedador fue ofrecido a hembras de T. podisi de 1Ð10 días de edad, T. urichi 1, 3, 4 o´ 6 días, o´ T. basalis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 o´ 8 días. Las proporciones promedio de parasitismo fueron 0,71 y 0,79 (T. podisi y T. urichi respectivamente), y la supervivencia preimaginal superior al 97% para ambas. Hembras de T. basalis de 1, 2 y 3 dõ´as no parasitaron. La proporción de parasitismo fue alto para las avispas mayores, si bien solo 0,5 de las hembras ataco´ los huevos ofrecidos. A mayor edad de las avispas, mayor proporción de machos en la progenie de T. podisi y T. urichi, pero en la progenie de T. basalis de distintas edades no hubo diferencias. El desempeño de T. podisi y T. urichi no será afectado por la edad de las hembras. Sin embargo, a mayor edad, las hembras de T. basalis serían inducidas a atacar a P. guildinii, un hospedador de baja calidad. Con escasez del hospedador preferido, alta carga de huevos y baja expectativa de vida, esta avispa utilizaría a P. guildinii como hospedador.Fil: Cingolani, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); ArgentinaFil: Greco, Nancy Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); ArgentinaFil: Liljesthrom, Gerardo Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); Argentin

Raul Alberto Laumann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lethal and sublethal effects of four essential oils on the egg parasitoids Trissolcus basalis.
    Chemosphere, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jorge Omar Werdin Gonzalez, Raul Alberto Laumann, Samantha Da Silveira, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Miguel Borges, Adriana Alicia Ferrero
    Abstract:

    The essential oils from leaves of Schinus molle var. areira, Aloysia citriodora, Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris have showed potential as phytoinsecticides against the green stink bug, Nezara viridula. In this work were evaluated their toxicological and behavioral effects on the parasitoid Trissolcus basalis, a biological control agent of this pest insect. Essential oils were obtained via hydrodestillation from fresh leaves. Insecticide activity in T. basalis females was evaluated in direct contact and fumigation bioassays. Behavioral effects were evaluated in olfactometer bioassays. To evaluate the residual toxicity, females of the parasitoids were exposed to oil residues; in these insects, the sublethal effects were evaluated (potential parasitism and survivorship of immature stages). The essential oils from O. vulgare and T. vulgaris proved to be highly selective when used as fumigant and did not change parasitoid behavior. After one week, the residues of these oils were harmless and did not show sublethal effects against T. basalis. According with these results, essential oils have potential applications for the integrated management of N. viridula.

  • influence of visual cues on host searching and learning behaviour of the egg parasitoids telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis
    Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2012
    Co-Authors: Miguel Borges, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Michely F. S. Aquino, Aline Moreira Dias, Raul Alberto Laumann
    Abstract:

    Insect parasitoids use a variety of chemical and physical cues when foraging for hosts and food. Parasitoids can learn cues that lead them to the hosts, thus contributing to better foraging. One of the cues that influence host-searching behaviour could be colour. In this study, we investigated the ability of females of the parasitoid wasps Telenomus podisi Ashmead and Trissolcus basalis Wollaston (both Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to respond to colours and to associate the presence of hosts – eggs of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) – with coloured substrates after training (associative learning). Two sets of experiments were conducted: in one the innate preference for substrate colours was examined, in the other associative learning of substrate colour and host presence was tested in multiple-choice and dual-choice experiments. In the associative learning experiments, Te. podisi and Tr. basalis were trained to respond to differently coloured substrates containing hosts in two sessions of 2 h each, with 1-h intervals. In multiple-choice experiments, the wasps displayed innate preference for yellow substrates over green, brown, black, or white ones. Even after being trained on substrates of different colours, both parasitoids continued to show preference for yellow substrates. The response to the colours of substrates of both parasitoids was related with the orientation to the plant foliage during the search for hosts.

  • Defesas induzidas por herbivoria e interações específicas no sistema tritrófico soja-percevejos-parasitoides de ovos
    Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ana Paula Silva Lopes, Miguel Borges, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Ivone Rezende Diniz, Raul Alberto Laumann
    Abstract:

    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de voláteis de soja, induzidos pela herbivoria dos percevejos Euschistus heros e Nezara viridula, no comportamento de busca de hospedeiros dos parasitoides Telenomus podisi e Trissolcus basalis. Plantas injuriadas pela alimentação dos percevejos foram utilizadas como estímulos em bioensaios com fêmeas dos parasitoides, em olfatômetro de dupla escolha tipo Y. Telenomus podisi respondeu somente a voláteis liberados pela soja após a herbivoria de E. heros, seu hospedeiro preferencial. Trissolcus basalis não foi influenciado pelas plantas injuriadas pelos percevejos. Os resultados obtidos indicam existência de interações espécie-específicas no sistema tritrófico soja-percevejos-parasitoides de ovos

  • Egg parasitoid wasps as natural enemies of the neotropical stink bug Dichelops melacanthus Vespas parasitoides de ovos como inimigos naturais do percevejo neotropical Dichelops melacanthus
    Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2010
    Co-Authors: Raul Alberto Laumann, Samantha Da Silveira, Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes, Joseane Padilha Da Silva, Afrânio Márcio Corrêa Vieira, Miguel Borges
    Abstract:

    The objective of this work was to determine the potential of five species of Scelionidae wasps - Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus basalis, Trissolcus urichi, Trissolcus teretis and Trissolcus brochymenae - as natural enemies of the neotropical stink bug Dichelops melacanthus, and to determine if the presence of eggs of other stink bug species influences the parasitism and development of the parasitoids. Two kinds of experiments were done in laboratory: without choice of hosts (eggs of D. melacanthus) and with choice (eggs of D. melacanthus and of Euschistus heros). Biological parameters, including proportion of parasitism, immature survivorship, progeny sex ratio, immature stage development period, and host preference were recorded. All the evaluated parasitoids can parasitize and develop on D. melacanthus eggs. The first choice of eggs did not influence the proportion of D. melacanthus eggs parasitized by Tr. basalis, Tr. teretis or Tr. brochymenae. However, D. melacanthus eggs as the first choice of Te. podisi and Tr. urichi increased, respectively, 9 and 14 times the chance for parasitism on eggs of this species. Behavioral and ecological aspects of parasitoids should be considered prior to their use in biological control programs.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o potencial de cinco espécies de vespas Scelionidae - Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus basalis, Trissolcus urichi, Trissolcus teretis e Trissolcus brochymenae -, como inimigos naturais do percevejo neotropical Dichelops melacanthus, e determinar se a presença de ovos de outras espécies de percevejo tem influência sobre o parasitismo e o desenvolvimento dos parasitoides. Foram realizados dois tipos de experimentos em laboratório: sem escolha de hospedeiros (ovos de D. melacanthus) e com escolha (ovos de D. melacanthus e de Euschistus heros). Foram registrados parâmetros biológicos que incluíram: proporção de parasitismo, sobrevivência de imaturos, razão sexual da progênie, tempo de desenvolvimento dos estágios imaturos e preferência de hospedeiro. Todas as espécies de parasitóides avaliadas podem parasitar e desenvolver-se em ovos de D. melacanthus. A escolha inicial de ovos não influenciou a proporção de ovos de D. melacanthus parasitados por Tr. basalis, Tr. teretis ou Tr. brochymenae. Entretanto, para Te. podisi e Tr. urichi, a escolha inicial por ovos de D. melacanthus aumentou em 9 e 14 vezes, respectivamente, a chance de parasitismo nesta espécie. Aspectos comportamentais e ecológicos dos inimigos naturais devem ser considerados antes de sua utilização em programas de controle biológico

  • Response of the Egg Parasitoids Trissolcus basalis and Telenomus podisi to Compounds from Defensive Secretions of Stink Bugs
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Raul Alberto Laumann, Michely F. S. Aquino, Maria C. B. Moraes, Martín Pareja, Miguel Borges
    Abstract:

    We tested the hypotheses that host-searching behavior of the egg parasitoids Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis may be differentially influenced by the different blends of volatiles released from the metathoracic glands of adult stink bug host species. We further studied whether such a differential response is due to different individual components of these glands and whether these responses reflect host preferences. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays were carried out with crude extracts of metathoracic glands of five different host species of neotropical stink bugs. Additionally, we tested the parasitoids’ responses to synthetic standards of individual compounds identified in these stink bug glands. Results showed that females of T. basalis and T. podisi responded differentially to crude gland extracts of the different species of host stink bugs and to the compounds tested. The parasitoid T. basalis showed a positive taxic behavior to Nezara viridula methathoracxic gland extracts of a host species preferred in the field, i.e., N. viridula. Furthermore, T. basalis responded positively to 4-oxo-( E )-2-hexenal and ( E )-2-decenal, two components of N. viridula glandular secretion. Higher residence time, reduced linear velocity, and higher tortuosity in the arm of the olfactometer supplied with 4-oxo-( E )-2-hexenal showed that this compound modifies the kinetics of some traits of T. basalis walking pattern and suggests that it might stimulate the searching behavior of this parasitoid. The parasitoid T. podisi was attracted to crude gland extracts of the preferred host ( Euschistus heros ) and also to 4-oxo-( E )-2-hexenal. Additionally, this parasitoid responded positively to ( E )-2-hexenal and to the hydrocarbon tridecane, both of which are defensive compounds released from the metathoracic glands by several stink bugs. The results indicate some degree of specialization in the response of two generalist parasitoid species toward defensive secretions of stink bugs.

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