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Murray R. Woodbury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A single laboratory-validated LC-MS method for the analysis of Tulathromycin residues in bison and deer sera and selected tissues of white-tailed deer.
Drug testing and analysis, 2016Co-Authors: Joe O. Boison, Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Johanna Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:The performance characteristics of a newly developed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method were validated and demonstrated to be fit for purpose in a pharmacokinetic and tissue depletion study of white-tailed deer and bison. Tulathromycin was extracted from bison and deer sera with acetonitrile or trifluoroacetic acid and K2 HPO4 (pH 6.8) buffer solution and cleaned up on a conditioned Bond-Elut cartridge. Tulathromycin, retained on the cartridge; it was eluted with methanol containing 2% formic acid, dried, re-constituted in methanol/1% formic acid, and analyzed by LC-MS. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.6 ng/mL in serum and 0.6 ng/g in tissue with RSDs ≤ 10% and accurate over the linear calibration range of 0.8-100 ng/mL for bison serum, 0.6-50 ng/mL for deer serum, 100-2500 ng/g for deer muscle tissue, and 500-5000 ng/g for deer lung tissue, all with coefficients of determination, r(2) ≥0.99. The validated method was used to quantify the concentration of Tulathromycin residues in serum of bison and deer and selected tissue (lung and muscle tissue) samples obtained from 10 healthy, white-tailed deer that were administered the therapeutic dose approved for cattle (i.e., a single 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Tulathromycin in the neck). The deer were included in a Tulathromycin drug depletion study. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Drug Testing and Analysis © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Pharmacokinetics and lung and muscle concentrations of Tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Joe O. Boison, J. L. Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:Respiratory tract infections are common in farmed North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Tulathromycin is approved for use in cattle but not deer but is often employed to treat deer. The pharmacokinetic properties and lung and muscle concentrations of Tulathromycin in white-tailed deer were investigated. Tulathromycin was administered to 10 deer, and then, serum, lung, and muscle Tulathromycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The mean maximal serum Tulathromycin concentration in deer was 359 ng/mL at 1.3 h postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance, and half-life was 4883 ng·h/mL, 208 L/kg, 0.5 L/h/kg, and 281 h (11.7 days), respectively. The maximal Tulathromycin concentration in lung and muscle homogenate from a single animal was 4657 ng/g (14 days) and 2264 ng/g (7 days), respectively. The minimum concentrations in lung and muscle were 39.4 ng/g (56 days) and 9.1 ng/g (56 days), respectively. Based on similarity in maximal serum concentrations between deer and cattle and high lung concentrations in deer, we suggest the recommended cattle dosage is effective in deer. Tissue concentrations persisted for 56 days, suggesting a need for longer withdrawal times in deer than cattle. Further tissue distribution and depletion studies are necessary to understand Tulathromycin persistence in deer tissue; clinical efficacy studies are needed to confirm the appropriate dosage regimen in deer.
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pharmacokinetics of Tulathromycin after subcutaneous injection in north american bison bison bison
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Joe O. Boison, J Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:Tulathromycin is approved for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. It is intended for long-acting, single-dose injection therapy (Draxxin), making it particularly desirable for use in bison due to the difficulty in handling and ease of creating stress in these animals. The pharmacokinetic properties of Tulathromycin in bison were investigated. Ten wood bison received a single 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Draxxin. Serum concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Tulathromycin demonstrated early maximal serum concentrations, extensive distribution, and slow elimination characteristics. The mean maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 195 ng/mL at 1.04 h (tmax) postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-inf ), was 9341 ng · h/mL. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd /F) and clearance (Cls/F) was 111 L/kg and 0.4 L/h/kg, respectively, and the mean half-life (t1/2) was 214 h (8.9 days). Compared to values for cattle, Cmax and AUC0-inf were lower in bison, while the Vd /F was larger and the t1/2 longer. Tissue distribution and clinical efficacy studies in bison are needed to confirm the purported extensive distribution of Tulathromycin into lung tissue and to determine whether a 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous dosage is adequate for bison.
Joe O. Boison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A single laboratory-validated LC-MS method for the analysis of Tulathromycin residues in bison and deer sera and selected tissues of white-tailed deer.
Drug testing and analysis, 2016Co-Authors: Joe O. Boison, Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Johanna Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:The performance characteristics of a newly developed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method were validated and demonstrated to be fit for purpose in a pharmacokinetic and tissue depletion study of white-tailed deer and bison. Tulathromycin was extracted from bison and deer sera with acetonitrile or trifluoroacetic acid and K2 HPO4 (pH 6.8) buffer solution and cleaned up on a conditioned Bond-Elut cartridge. Tulathromycin, retained on the cartridge; it was eluted with methanol containing 2% formic acid, dried, re-constituted in methanol/1% formic acid, and analyzed by LC-MS. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.6 ng/mL in serum and 0.6 ng/g in tissue with RSDs ≤ 10% and accurate over the linear calibration range of 0.8-100 ng/mL for bison serum, 0.6-50 ng/mL for deer serum, 100-2500 ng/g for deer muscle tissue, and 500-5000 ng/g for deer lung tissue, all with coefficients of determination, r(2) ≥0.99. The validated method was used to quantify the concentration of Tulathromycin residues in serum of bison and deer and selected tissue (lung and muscle tissue) samples obtained from 10 healthy, white-tailed deer that were administered the therapeutic dose approved for cattle (i.e., a single 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Tulathromycin in the neck). The deer were included in a Tulathromycin drug depletion study. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Drug Testing and Analysis © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Pharmacokinetics and lung and muscle concentrations of Tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Joe O. Boison, J. L. Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:Respiratory tract infections are common in farmed North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Tulathromycin is approved for use in cattle but not deer but is often employed to treat deer. The pharmacokinetic properties and lung and muscle concentrations of Tulathromycin in white-tailed deer were investigated. Tulathromycin was administered to 10 deer, and then, serum, lung, and muscle Tulathromycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The mean maximal serum Tulathromycin concentration in deer was 359 ng/mL at 1.3 h postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance, and half-life was 4883 ng·h/mL, 208 L/kg, 0.5 L/h/kg, and 281 h (11.7 days), respectively. The maximal Tulathromycin concentration in lung and muscle homogenate from a single animal was 4657 ng/g (14 days) and 2264 ng/g (7 days), respectively. The minimum concentrations in lung and muscle were 39.4 ng/g (56 days) and 9.1 ng/g (56 days), respectively. Based on similarity in maximal serum concentrations between deer and cattle and high lung concentrations in deer, we suggest the recommended cattle dosage is effective in deer. Tissue concentrations persisted for 56 days, suggesting a need for longer withdrawal times in deer than cattle. Further tissue distribution and depletion studies are necessary to understand Tulathromycin persistence in deer tissue; clinical efficacy studies are needed to confirm the appropriate dosage regimen in deer.
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pharmacokinetics of Tulathromycin after subcutaneous injection in north american bison bison bison
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Joe O. Boison, J Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:Tulathromycin is approved for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. It is intended for long-acting, single-dose injection therapy (Draxxin), making it particularly desirable for use in bison due to the difficulty in handling and ease of creating stress in these animals. The pharmacokinetic properties of Tulathromycin in bison were investigated. Ten wood bison received a single 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Draxxin. Serum concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Tulathromycin demonstrated early maximal serum concentrations, extensive distribution, and slow elimination characteristics. The mean maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 195 ng/mL at 1.04 h (tmax) postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-inf ), was 9341 ng · h/mL. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd /F) and clearance (Cls/F) was 111 L/kg and 0.4 L/h/kg, respectively, and the mean half-life (t1/2) was 214 h (8.9 days). Compared to values for cattle, Cmax and AUC0-inf were lower in bison, while the Vd /F was larger and the t1/2 longer. Tissue distribution and clinical efficacy studies in bison are needed to confirm the purported extensive distribution of Tulathromycin into lung tissue and to determine whether a 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous dosage is adequate for bison.
Binghu Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) evaluation of Tulathromycin against Haemophilus parasuis in an experimental neutropenic guinea pig model.
PloS one, 2018Co-Authors: Yongda Zhao, Binghu Fang, Li-li Guo, Baotao LiuAbstract:The objective of the study was to develop an ex-vivo PK/PD model of intramuscular (IM) administration of Tulathromycin and to test its efficacy against Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) infection in intraperitoneal-inoculated neutropenic guinea pigs. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of Tulathromycin at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg in H. parasuis-infected neutropenic guinea pig were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), mutant prevention concentration (MPC), post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and dynamic time-kill curve experiments were carried out using H. parasuis strain 13R. Tulathromycin exhibited concentration-dependent activity and PAE persisted long after administration of the antibiotic. The ratio of the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to MIC in serum (AUC24h/MICserum) was recognized as an important PK/PD parameter that positively correlated with the in vitro antibacterial effectiveness of Tulathromycin (R2 = 0.9961 or R2 = 1). For the 1 and 10 mg/kg treatments with Tulathromycin, the values of AUC24h/MIC for H. parasuis bacteriostatic action, bactericidal action and virtual bacterial eradication were respectively 22.73, 34.5 and 88.03 h for the 1 mg/kg treatment and respectively 24.94, 30.94 and 49.92 h for the 10 mg/kg treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that doses of 7.2-8.0 mg/kg of Tulathromycin resulted in high eradication rates (99.99%). Using a previously published conversion factor of 0.296, we were able to estimate an approximate dose, 2.1-2.4 mg/kg, that should also obtain high eradication rates in the target animal, pigs. This study can help optimize Tulathromycin efficacy against H. parasuis infections in swine farming.
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Ex-vivo antibacterial activity of Tulathromycin against H. parasuis 13R in blank guinea pig serum samples with added Tulathromycin (MICserum = 0.03 μg/mL).
2018Co-Authors: Yongda Zhao, Binghu Fang, Li-li Guo, Baotao LiuAbstract:Ex-vivo antibacterial activity of Tulathromycin against H. parasuis 13R in blank guinea pig serum samples with added Tulathromycin (MICserum = 0.03 μg/mL).
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MIC and MBC of Tulathromycin against H. parasuis (Mean ± SD, n = 94).
2018Co-Authors: Yongda Zhao, Binghu Fang, Li-li Guo, Baotao LiuAbstract:MIC and MBC of Tulathromycin against H. parasuis (Mean ± SD, n = 94).
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pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modeling of Tulathromycin against pasteurella multocida in a porcine tissue cage model
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2017Co-Authors: Qiaoyi Zhou, Guijun Zhang, Qin Wang, Wenguang Liu, Yan Huang, Huanzhong Ding, Binghu FangAbstract:Tulathromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, is used for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. The aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro and ex vivo activities of Tulathromycin in serum, (noninflamed) transudate, and (inflamed) exudate against Pasteurella multocida in piglets. The pharmacokinetics properties of Tulathromycin were studied for serum, transudate, and exudate using a tissue cage model. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of P. multocida and dynamic time-kill curve experiments over eight Tulathromycin concentrations were determined. The ratio of 24-h area under the concentration–time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC(0-24h)/MIC) was recognized as an important pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameter of Tulathromycin for antibacterial efficiency (R2= 0.9969). In serum ex vivo, for bacteriostatic, bactericidal activity, and virtual bacterial eradication AUC(0-24h)/MIC values for Tulathromycin were 44.55, 73.19, and 92.44 h by using sigmoid Emax model WinNonlin software, respectively, and lower values were obtained for exudate and transudate. In conjunction with the data on MIC90, the dose of Tulathromycin for a bacteriostatic effect and virtual elimination of P. multocida as computed using the value of the PK/PD breakpoint obtained in serum were 6.39 and 13.25mg/kg. However, it would be preferable to calculate a dose combined with population pharmacokinetics data to optimize the dosage regimen for bacteriological and clinical cure.
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Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tulathromycin against Pasteurella multocida in a Porcine Tissue Cage Model
Frontiers Media S.A., 2017Co-Authors: Qiaoyi Zhou, Guijun Zhang, Qin Wang, Wenguang Liu, Yan Huang, Huanzhong Ding, Binghu FangAbstract:Tulathromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, is used for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. The aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro and ex vivo activities of Tulathromycin in serum, (non-inflamed) transudate, and (inflamed) exudate against Pasteurella multocida in piglets. The pharmacokinetics properties of Tulathromycin were studied for serum, transudate, and exudate using a tissue cage model. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of P. multocida and dynamic time-kill curve experiments over eight Tulathromycin concentrations were determined. The ratio of 24-h area under the concentration–time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration [AUC(0-24 h)/MIC] was recognized as an important pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameter of Tulathromycin for antibacterial efficiency (R2 = 0.9969). In serum ex vivo, for bacteriostatic, bactericidal activity, and virtual bacterial eradication AUC(0-24 h)/MIC values for Tulathromycin were 44.55, 73.19, and 92.44 h by using sigmoid Emax model WinNonlin software, respectively, and lower values were obtained for exudate and transudate. In conjunction with the data on MIC90, the dose of Tulathromycin for a bacteriostatic effect and virtual elimination of P. multocida as computed using the value of the PK/PD breakpoint obtained in serum were 6.39 and 13.25 mg/kg. However, it would be preferable to calculate a dose combined with population pharmacokinetics data to optimize the dosage regimen for bacteriological and clinical cure
Kali Bachtold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A single laboratory-validated LC-MS method for the analysis of Tulathromycin residues in bison and deer sera and selected tissues of white-tailed deer.
Drug testing and analysis, 2016Co-Authors: Joe O. Boison, Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Johanna Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:The performance characteristics of a newly developed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method were validated and demonstrated to be fit for purpose in a pharmacokinetic and tissue depletion study of white-tailed deer and bison. Tulathromycin was extracted from bison and deer sera with acetonitrile or trifluoroacetic acid and K2 HPO4 (pH 6.8) buffer solution and cleaned up on a conditioned Bond-Elut cartridge. Tulathromycin, retained on the cartridge; it was eluted with methanol containing 2% formic acid, dried, re-constituted in methanol/1% formic acid, and analyzed by LC-MS. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.6 ng/mL in serum and 0.6 ng/g in tissue with RSDs ≤ 10% and accurate over the linear calibration range of 0.8-100 ng/mL for bison serum, 0.6-50 ng/mL for deer serum, 100-2500 ng/g for deer muscle tissue, and 500-5000 ng/g for deer lung tissue, all with coefficients of determination, r(2) ≥0.99. The validated method was used to quantify the concentration of Tulathromycin residues in serum of bison and deer and selected tissue (lung and muscle tissue) samples obtained from 10 healthy, white-tailed deer that were administered the therapeutic dose approved for cattle (i.e., a single 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Tulathromycin in the neck). The deer were included in a Tulathromycin drug depletion study. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Drug Testing and Analysis © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Pharmacokinetics and lung and muscle concentrations of Tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Joe O. Boison, J. L. Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:Respiratory tract infections are common in farmed North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Tulathromycin is approved for use in cattle but not deer but is often employed to treat deer. The pharmacokinetic properties and lung and muscle concentrations of Tulathromycin in white-tailed deer were investigated. Tulathromycin was administered to 10 deer, and then, serum, lung, and muscle Tulathromycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The mean maximal serum Tulathromycin concentration in deer was 359 ng/mL at 1.3 h postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance, and half-life was 4883 ng·h/mL, 208 L/kg, 0.5 L/h/kg, and 281 h (11.7 days), respectively. The maximal Tulathromycin concentration in lung and muscle homogenate from a single animal was 4657 ng/g (14 days) and 2264 ng/g (7 days), respectively. The minimum concentrations in lung and muscle were 39.4 ng/g (56 days) and 9.1 ng/g (56 days), respectively. Based on similarity in maximal serum concentrations between deer and cattle and high lung concentrations in deer, we suggest the recommended cattle dosage is effective in deer. Tissue concentrations persisted for 56 days, suggesting a need for longer withdrawal times in deer than cattle. Further tissue distribution and depletion studies are necessary to understand Tulathromycin persistence in deer tissue; clinical efficacy studies are needed to confirm the appropriate dosage regimen in deer.
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pharmacokinetics of Tulathromycin after subcutaneous injection in north american bison bison bison
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Joe O. Boison, J Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:Tulathromycin is approved for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. It is intended for long-acting, single-dose injection therapy (Draxxin), making it particularly desirable for use in bison due to the difficulty in handling and ease of creating stress in these animals. The pharmacokinetic properties of Tulathromycin in bison were investigated. Ten wood bison received a single 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Draxxin. Serum concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Tulathromycin demonstrated early maximal serum concentrations, extensive distribution, and slow elimination characteristics. The mean maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 195 ng/mL at 1.04 h (tmax) postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-inf ), was 9341 ng · h/mL. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd /F) and clearance (Cls/F) was 111 L/kg and 0.4 L/h/kg, respectively, and the mean half-life (t1/2) was 214 h (8.9 days). Compared to values for cattle, Cmax and AUC0-inf were lower in bison, while the Vd /F was larger and the t1/2 longer. Tissue distribution and clinical efficacy studies in bison are needed to confirm the purported extensive distribution of Tulathromycin into lung tissue and to determine whether a 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous dosage is adequate for bison.
Jane Alcorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A single laboratory-validated LC-MS method for the analysis of Tulathromycin residues in bison and deer sera and selected tissues of white-tailed deer.
Drug testing and analysis, 2016Co-Authors: Joe O. Boison, Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Johanna Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:The performance characteristics of a newly developed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method were validated and demonstrated to be fit for purpose in a pharmacokinetic and tissue depletion study of white-tailed deer and bison. Tulathromycin was extracted from bison and deer sera with acetonitrile or trifluoroacetic acid and K2 HPO4 (pH 6.8) buffer solution and cleaned up on a conditioned Bond-Elut cartridge. Tulathromycin, retained on the cartridge; it was eluted with methanol containing 2% formic acid, dried, re-constituted in methanol/1% formic acid, and analyzed by LC-MS. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.6 ng/mL in serum and 0.6 ng/g in tissue with RSDs ≤ 10% and accurate over the linear calibration range of 0.8-100 ng/mL for bison serum, 0.6-50 ng/mL for deer serum, 100-2500 ng/g for deer muscle tissue, and 500-5000 ng/g for deer lung tissue, all with coefficients of determination, r(2) ≥0.99. The validated method was used to quantify the concentration of Tulathromycin residues in serum of bison and deer and selected tissue (lung and muscle tissue) samples obtained from 10 healthy, white-tailed deer that were administered the therapeutic dose approved for cattle (i.e., a single 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Tulathromycin in the neck). The deer were included in a Tulathromycin drug depletion study. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Drug Testing and Analysis © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Pharmacokinetics and lung and muscle concentrations of Tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Joe O. Boison, J. L. Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:Respiratory tract infections are common in farmed North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Tulathromycin is approved for use in cattle but not deer but is often employed to treat deer. The pharmacokinetic properties and lung and muscle concentrations of Tulathromycin in white-tailed deer were investigated. Tulathromycin was administered to 10 deer, and then, serum, lung, and muscle Tulathromycin concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The mean maximal serum Tulathromycin concentration in deer was 359 ng/mL at 1.3 h postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance, and half-life was 4883 ng·h/mL, 208 L/kg, 0.5 L/h/kg, and 281 h (11.7 days), respectively. The maximal Tulathromycin concentration in lung and muscle homogenate from a single animal was 4657 ng/g (14 days) and 2264 ng/g (7 days), respectively. The minimum concentrations in lung and muscle were 39.4 ng/g (56 days) and 9.1 ng/g (56 days), respectively. Based on similarity in maximal serum concentrations between deer and cattle and high lung concentrations in deer, we suggest the recommended cattle dosage is effective in deer. Tissue concentrations persisted for 56 days, suggesting a need for longer withdrawal times in deer than cattle. Further tissue distribution and depletion studies are necessary to understand Tulathromycin persistence in deer tissue; clinical efficacy studies are needed to confirm the appropriate dosage regimen in deer.
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pharmacokinetics of Tulathromycin after subcutaneous injection in north american bison bison bison
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Kali Bachtold, Jane Alcorn, Joe O. Boison, J Matus, Murray R. WoodburyAbstract:Tulathromycin is approved for the treatment of respiratory disease in cattle and swine. It is intended for long-acting, single-dose injection therapy (Draxxin), making it particularly desirable for use in bison due to the difficulty in handling and ease of creating stress in these animals. The pharmacokinetic properties of Tulathromycin in bison were investigated. Ten wood bison received a single 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of Draxxin. Serum concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Tulathromycin demonstrated early maximal serum concentrations, extensive distribution, and slow elimination characteristics. The mean maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 195 ng/mL at 1.04 h (tmax) postinjection. The mean area under the serum concentration-time curve, extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-inf ), was 9341 ng · h/mL. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd /F) and clearance (Cls/F) was 111 L/kg and 0.4 L/h/kg, respectively, and the mean half-life (t1/2) was 214 h (8.9 days). Compared to values for cattle, Cmax and AUC0-inf were lower in bison, while the Vd /F was larger and the t1/2 longer. Tissue distribution and clinical efficacy studies in bison are needed to confirm the purported extensive distribution of Tulathromycin into lung tissue and to determine whether a 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneous dosage is adequate for bison.
