Ulocladium

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Xiu-guo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mating type genes of the anamorphic fungus Ulocladium botrytis affect both asexual sporulation and sexual reproduction
    Scientific Reports, 2017
    Co-Authors: Qun Wang, Shi Wang, Chen Lin Xiong, Timothy Y James, Xiu-guo Zhang
    Abstract:

    Ulocladium was thought to be a strictly asexual genus of filamentous fungi. However, Ulocladium strains were shown to possess both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes as observed in homothallic filamentous Ascomycetes. Here, we demonstrate that the U. botrytis MAT genes play essential roles for controlling asexual traits (conidial size and number). Using reciprocal genetic transformation, we demonstrate that MAT genes from the related heterothallic species Cochliobolus heterostrophus can also influence U. botrytis colony growth, conidial number and size, and have a strong effect on the range of the number of septa/conidium. Moreover, U. botrytis MAT genes can also affect similar aspects of asexual reproduction when expressed in C. heterostrophus. Heterologous complementation using C. heterostrophus MAT genes shows that they have lost the ability to regulate sexual reproduction in U. botrytis, under the conditions we employed, while the reciprocal heterologous complementation demonstrates that U. botrytis MAT genes have the ability to partially induce sexual reproduction in C. heterostrophus. Thus, the genetic backgrounds of C. heterostrophus and U. botrytis play significant roles in determining the function of MAT genes on sexual reproduction in these two fungi species. These data further support the role of MAT genes in controlling asexual growth in filamentous Ascomycetes but also confirm that heterothallic and homothallic Dothideomycete fungi can be interconverted by the exchange of MAT genes.

  • Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the mating-type loci in the asexual ascomycete genus Ulocladium.
    Mycologia, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yun Geng, Li-yun Xia, Qun Wang, Xiu-guo Zhang
    Abstract:

    The genus Ulocladium is thought to be strictly asexual. Mating-type (MAT) loci regulate sexual reproduction in fungi and their study may help to explain the apparent lack of sexual reproduction in Ulocladium. We sequenced the full length of two MAT genes in 26 Ulocladium species and characterized the entire MAT idiomorphs plus flanking regions of Ulocladium botrytis. The MAT1-1 ORF encodes a protein with an alpha-box motif by the MAT1-1-1 gene and the MAT1-2 ORF encodes a protein with an HMG box motif by the MAT1-2-1 gene. Both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes were detected in a single strain of every species. Moreover, the results of RT-PCR revealed that both MAT genes are expressed in all 26 Ulocladium species. This demonstrates that MAT genes of Ulocladium species might be functional and that they have the potential for sexual reproduction. Phylogenies based on MAT genes were compared with GAPDH and Alt a 1 phylograms in Ulocladium using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analysis. The MAT genealogies and ...

  • Sinomyces: a new genus of anamorphic Pleosporaceae.
    Fungal biology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Yong Wang, Yun Geng, Qi Wang, Xiu-guo Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sinomyces gen. nov. is described for Ulocladium alternariae and two new species from China. These three species differ from Ulocladium in producing simple conidiophores with a single, cicatrized apical pore or 1 or 2 short, uniperforate, geniculate sympodial proliferations. Phylogenetic analysis of partial DNA sequences of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene ( gpd ) gene and a fragment of the Alternaria alternata major allergen (Alt a 1) gene, using Maximum-Parsimony (MP), Maximum-Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian approaches, indicates that Sinomyces is distinct within the Alternaria–Stemphylium complex, although its closest relatives could not be determined. Sinomyces alternariae comb. nov. and the new species Sinomyces obovoideus and Sinomyces fusoideus are proposed.

  • Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Ulocladium from Southern China
    Mycological Progress, 2009
    Co-Authors: Yong Wang, Yun-fei Pei, Kai Zhang, Xiu-guo Zhang
    Abstract:

    A new species of Ulocladium was discovered from diseased leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum and Duchesnea indica from Hunan Province of China. Morphologically, this species is very close to U. consortiale, U. cucurbitae, and U. subcucurbitae in producing narrow ellipsoid conidia at 1–3 days, but the conidial size range of this species at this stage could distinguish it from three well-known species. It also exhibits the multiplex conidium morphology at the different growth-stages (1–3 days and 4–7 days). The results of maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analyses of combined glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene and Alternaria alternata major allergen (Alt a 1) genes show that U. solani and U. subcucurbitae cluster in a unique and separate subclade with no clear affinities to a specific sistergroup, and demonstrate that the Ulocladium species group is monphyletic, but two clades of this section are recognized. Morphological features of this new species, the sequences of the Alt a 1 and gpd gene regions, and its comparison with related species in this genus are discussed.

  • Two new species of Ulocladium from Southwest China
    Mycologia, 2008
    Co-Authors: Yong Wang, Bruno Le Cam, Xiu-guo Zhang
    Abstract:

    Ulocladium subcucurbitae and U. brassicae are described and illustrated. These species were isolated from diseased leaves of Chenopodium glaucum and Brassica pekinensis from Guizhou and Yunnan provinces of China respectively

Birgitte Andersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • associations between fungal species and water damaged building materials
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Birgitte Andersen, Jens Christian Frisvad, Ib Sondergaard, Ib S Rasmussen, Lisbeth S Larsen
    Abstract:

    Fungal growth in damp or water-damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. Air sampling alone in moldy buildings does not reveal the full diversity of fungal species growing on building materials. One aim of this study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative diversity of fungi growing on damp or water-damaged building materials. Another was to determine if associations exist between the most commonly found fungal species and different types of materials. More than 5,300 surface samples were taken by means of V8 contact plates from materials with visible fungal growth. Fungal identifications and information on building material components were analyzed using multivariate statistic methods to determine associations between fungi and material components. The results confirmed that Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus versicolor are the most common fungal species in water-damaged buildings. The results also showed Chaetomium spp., Acremonium spp., and Ulocladium spp. to be very common on damp building materials. Analyses show that associated mycobiotas exist on different building materials. Associations were found between (i) Acremonium spp., Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys spp., Ulocladium spp., and gypsum and wallpaper, (ii) Arthrinium phaeospermum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium herbarum, Trichoderma spp., yeasts, and different types of wood and plywood, and (iii) Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Chaetomium spp., Mucor racemosus, Mucor spinosus, and concrete and other floor-related materials. These results can be used to develop new and resistant building materials and relevant allergen extracts and to help focus research on relevant mycotoxins, microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), and microparticles released into the indoor environment.

  • Screening for cellulose and hemicellulose degrading enzymes from the fungal genus Ulocladium
    International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2009
    Co-Authors: Mads Mølgaard Pedersen, Morten Hollensted, Lene Lange, Birgitte Andersen
    Abstract:

    The fungal genus Ulocladium consists mostly of saprotrophic species and can readily be isolated from dead vegetation, rotten wood, paper, textiles and other cellulose containing materials. Thus, they must produce cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. In this study fifty Ulocladium strains from ten different species were tested for enzyme activities on 14 different azurine-cross-linked (AZCL) substrates and analyzed by multivariate analysis. The tested strains of Ulocladium were found to produce a broad enzyme profile. Most species in Ulocladium were able to produced high amounts of enzymes that degraded amylose, arabinoxylan, β-glucan, cellulose and xylan; however, variations between species as well as between individual strains in each species were seen. Overall, the enzyme profiles were found to be species specific, but also source of isolation impacted the enzymes produced. The results suggest that species identity as well as isolation source must be considered when screening microorganisms for enzymes.

  • Metabolite production by different Ulocladium species.
    International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Birgitte Andersen, Morten Hollensted
    Abstract:

    Ulocladium, which is phylogenetically related to Alternaria, contains species that are food spoilers and plant pathogens, but also species that have potential as enzyme producers and bio-control agents. Ulocladium spp. are often found on dead vegetation, in soil, air and dust, but also on food and feedstuffs and on water-damaged building materials. The aim was to study the morphological and chemical diversity within the genus Ulocladium. Cultures of 52 Ulocladium strains were identified morphologically, and then extracted and analyzed using automated Chemical Image Analysis. Production of individual metabolites was correlated to species identity and source of isolation (substratum). Chemical analyses corroborated the morphological identifications and showed the existence of several species species-specific metabolites, of which most were known compounds. The production of curvularins was specific to Ulocladium atrum, while most species produced infectopyrones and derivatives of altertoxin I. None of the 52 Ulocladium strains produced alternariols, tenuazonic acid, altersolanols or macrosporin, which are common in species of Alternaria.

Barry M Pryor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ulocladium systematics revisited: phylogeny and taxonomic status
    Mycological Progress, 2008
    Co-Authors: Farhana Runa, Myung Soo Park, Barry M Pryor
    Abstract:

    The genus Ulocladium represents phaeodictyosporic Hyphomycetes that produce conidia that are essentially obovoid in shape. Previous molecular studies that included Ulocladium and related taxa in Alternaria, Embellisia, and Stemphylium revealed a conflict between morphology and phylogeny, and Ulocladium was supported as polyphyletic with a paraphyletic core group. Moreover, the genus consistently resolved within a larger Alternaria/Ulocladium clade, resulting in paraphyly of Alternaria and questions as to the taxonomic status of Ulocladium. In the present study, 13 Ulocladium species and three genetic loci were included for a more comprehensive systematic analysis of the genus than had previously been conducted. Total genomic DNA was extracted from representative taxa and sequences were determined for the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region, including the 5.8S rDNA gene, and the protein-coding genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Alt a1. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods included related Alternaria, Embellisia, and Stemphylium spp. Results supported previous findings of polyphyletic and paraphyletic relationships of Ulocladium among other taxa. Ten Ulocladium species clustered into a core Ulocladium clade and all taxa possessed the key diagnostic feature of Ulocladium, namely, conidia essentially obovoid in shape. However, A. cheiranthi and E. indefessa also clustered within this group with high bootstrap support but did not posses this diagnostic feature. This paraphyletic clade resolved basal to the core Alternaria clade with high bootstrap support, unlike previous studies in which its position was imbedded within the primary Alternaria clade. Thus, the status of the genus as an independent lineage and a unique taxon is strongly supported. As previously reported, U. alternariae and U. oudemansii, which posses the key conidium characteristics of Ulocladium, clustered as a separate clade sister to the core Ulocladium clade. Further studies are necessary to determine if these taxa represent an independent lineage or share a common ancestor with other Ulocladium species. Obovoid conidia were poorly represented in the isolate of U. lanuginosum that was included in these analyses (the only U. lanuginosum isolate currently available), and the isolate resolved as A. radicina based upon all three loci sequenced. Based upon these data and the origin of the isolate, which was originally deposited as A. malvae, a reassessment of its identity is supported.

  • Molecular characterization of Embellisia and Nimbya species and their relationship to Alternaria, Ulocladium and Stemphylium.
    Mycologia, 2003
    Co-Authors: Barry M Pryor, D. M. Bigelow
    Abstract:

    DNA sequences from rDNA and protein- coding regions were determined for six Embellisia and two Nimbya spp. and were compared to those from Alternaria, Ulocladium and Stemphylium spp. Se- quences determined included rDNA from the nucle- ar internal transcribed-spacer region (ITS1/5.8S/ ITS2) and the mitochondrial small-subunit (mt SSU) and a portion of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate de- hydrogenase (gpd) gene. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on each dataset separately and then com- bined for total evidence analysis using methods of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. Re- sults revealed that Embellisia and Nimbya clustered within a large monophyletic Alternaria-Nimbya-Embel- lisia-Ulocladium clade with Stemphylium as the sister taxon. Members of the infectoria species-group were the most basal group in this large polygeneric clade. Embellisia and Nimbya were sister taxa of the remain- ing Alternaria and Ulocladium spp. and were related more closely to Alternaria than was Stemphylium. Four Embellisia spp. formed a monophyletic clade. How- ever, E. allii clustered with the two Nimbya spp. and E. indefessa clustered with Alternaria and Ulocladium spp., revealing that Embellisia, as currently circum- scribed, is polyphyletic. Potential revisions of taxon- omy for all genera are discussed.

  • molecular phylogenetic relationships amongst alternaria species and related fungi based upon analysis of nuclear its and mt ssu rdna sequences
    Fungal Biology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Barry M Pryor, R L Gilbertson
    Abstract:

    To elucidate relationships among Alternaria, Ulocladium, and Stemphylium species, nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences from 18 Alternaria, four Ulocladium and four Stemphylium spp. were determined and compared. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and SSU rDNA sequences, performed by the neighbour joining and maximum parsimony methods, revealed that the Stemphylium spp. were phylogenetically distinct from the Alternaria and Ulocladium spp. Most Alternaria spp. and the Ulocladium spp. were placed together in a large Alternaria/Ulocladium clade. Within this large clade, the Alternaria spp. clustered into several distinct species-clades, most of which correlated with species-groups previously established based upon morphological characteristics. The Ulocladium spp. were placed into two species-clades, each of which also included Alternaria spp. A. longissima was distantly related to the other Alternaria spp., as well as the Ulocladium and Stemphylium spp. Based upon ITS and nuclear 18S rDNA sequence identities, A. longissima was most closely related to Leptosphaeria.

Şengül Yılmaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

T A Zitter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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