The Experts below are selected from a list of 3330 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ilan Paran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Capsicum annuum S (CaS) promotes reproductive transition and is required for flower formation in pepper (Capsicum annuum)
The New phytologist, 2014Co-Authors: Oded Cohen, Yelena Borovsky, Rakefet David-schwartz, Ilan ParanAbstract:The genetic control of the transition to flowering has mainly been studied in model species, while few data are available in crop species such as pepper (Capsicum spp.). To elucidate the genetic control of the transition to flowering in pepper, mutants that lack flowers were isolated and characterized. Genetic mapping and sequencing allowed the identification of the gene disrupted in the mutants. Double mutants and expression analyses were used to characterize the relationships between the mutated gene and other genes controlling the transition to flowering and flower differentiation. The mutants were characterized by a delay in the initiation of Sympodial growth, a delay in the termination of Sympodial meristems and complete inhibition of flower formation. Capsicum annuum S (CaS), the pepper (Capsicum annuum) ortholog of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) COMPOUND INFLORESCENCE and petunia (Petunia hybrida) EVERGREEN, was found to govern the mutant phenotype. CaS is required for the activity of the flower meristem identity gene Ca-ANANTHA and does not affect the expression of CaLEAFY. CaS is epistatic over other genes controlling the transition to flowering with respect to flower formation. Comparative homologous mutants in the Solanaceae indicate that CaS has uniquely evolved to have a critical role in flower formation, while its role in meristem maturation is conserved in pepper, tomato and petunia.
-
CaJOINTLESS is a MADS-box gene involved in suppression of vegetative growth in all shoot meristems in pepper
Journal of experimental botany, 2012Co-Authors: Oded Cohen, Yelena Borovsky, Rakefet David-schwartz, Ilan ParanAbstract:In aiming to decipher the genetic control of shoot architecture in pepper (Capsicum spp.), the allelic late-flowering mutants E-252 and E-2537 were identified. These mutants exhibit multiple pleiotropic effects on the organization of the Sympodial shoot. Genetic mapping and sequence analysis indicated that the mutants are disrupted at CaJOINTLESS, the orthologue of the MADS-box genes JOINTLESS and SVP in tomato and Arabidopsis, respectively. Late flowering of the primary and Sympodial shoots of Cajointless indicates that the gene functions as a suppressor of vegetative growth in all shoot meristems. While CaJOINTLESS and JOINTLESS have partially conserved functions, the effect on flowering time and on Sympodial development in pepper, as well as the epistasis over FASCICULATE, the homologue of the major determinant of Sympodial development SELF-PRUNING, is stronger than in tomato. Furthermore, the solitary terminal flower of pepper is converted into a structure composed of flowers and leaves in the mutant lines. This conversion supports the hypothesis that the solitary flowers of pepper have a cryptic inflorescence identity that is suppressed by CaJOINTLESS. Formation of solitary flowers in wild-type pepper is suggested to result from precocious maturation of the inflorescence meristem.
-
Co-ordinated regulation of flowering time, plant architecture and growth by FASCICULATE: the pepper orthologue of SELF PRUNING
Journal of experimental botany, 2009Co-Authors: Tomer Elitzur, Yelena Borovsky, Hadas Nahum, Irena Pekker, Yuval Eshed, Ilan ParanAbstract:Wild peppers (Capsicum spp.) are either annual or perennial in their native habitat and their shoot architecture is dictated by their Sympodial growth habit. To study shoot architecture in pepper, Sympodial development is described in wild type and in the classical recessive fasciculate (fa) mutation. The basic Sympodial unit in wild-type pepper comprises two leaves and a single terminal flower. fasciculate plants are characterized by the formation of floral clusters separated by short internodes and miniature leaves and by early flowering. Developmental analysis of these clusters revealed shorter Sympodial units and, often, precocious termination prior to Sympodial leaf formation. fa was mapped to pepper chromosome 6, in a region corresponding to the tomato SELF-PRUNING (SP) locus, the homologue of TFL1 of Arabidopsis. Sequence comparison between wild-type and fa plants revealed a duplication of the second exon in the mutants' orthologue of SP, leading to the formation of a premature stop codon. Ectopic expression of FASCICULATE complemented the Arabidopsis tfl1 mutant plants and as expected, stimulated late flowering. In agreement with the major effect of FASCICULATE imposed on Sympodial development, the gene transcripts were localized to the centre of Sympodial shoots but could not be detected in the primary shoot. The wide range of pleiotropic effects on plant architecture mediated by a single ‘flowering’ gene, suggests that it is used to co-ordinate many developmental events, and thus may underlie some of the widespread variation in the Solanaceae shoot architecture.
Eliezer Lifschitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Monopodial and Sympodial branching architecture in cotton is differentially regulated by the Gossypium hirsutum SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS and SELF-PRUNING orthologs.
The New phytologist, 2016Co-Authors: Roisin C. Mcgarry, Yuval Eshed, Sarah F. Prewitt, Samantha Culpepper, Eliezer Lifschitz, Brian G. AyreAbstract:Summary Domestication of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) converted it from a lanky photoperiodic perennial to a day-neutral annual row-crop. Residual perennial traits, however, complicate irrigation and crop management, and more determinate architectures are desired. Cotton simultaneously maintains robust monopodial indeterminate shoots and Sympodial determinate shoots. We questioned if and how the FLOWERING LOCUS T/SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT)-like and TERMINAL FLOWER1/SELF-PRUNING (SP)-like genes control the balance of monopodial and Sympodial growth in a woody perennial with complex growth habit. Virus-based manipulation of GhSP and GhSFT expression enabled unprecedented functional analysis of cotton development. GhSP maintains growth in all apices; in its absence, both monopodial and Sympodial branch systems terminate precociously. GhSFT encodes a florigenic signal stimulating rapid onset of Sympodial branching and flowering in side shoots of wild photoperiodic and modern day-neutral accessions. High florigen concentrations did not alter monopodial apices, implying that once a cotton apex is SP-determined, it cannot be reset by florigen. GhSP is also essential to establish and maintain cambial activity. Dynamic changes in GhSFT and GhSP levels navigate meristems between monopodial and Sympodial programs in a single plant. SFT and SP influenced cotton domestication and are ideal targets for further agricultural optimization.
-
The SELF-PRUNING gene of tomato regulates vegetative to reproductive switching of Sympodial meristems and is the ortholog of CEN and TFL1
Development (Cambridge England), 1998Co-Authors: Lilac Pnueli, Lea Carmel-goren, Dana Hareven, Tamar Gutfinger, John Paul Alvarez, Martin W. Ganal, Daniel Zamir, Eliezer LifschitzAbstract:Vegetative and reproductive phases alternate regularly during Sympodial growth in tomato. In wild-type ‘indeterminate’ plants, inflorescences are separated by three vegetative nodes. In ‘determinate’ plants homozygous for the recessive allele of the SELF-PRUNING (SP) gene, Sympodial segments develop progressively fewer nodes until the shoot is terminated by two consecutive inflorescences. We show here that the SP gene is the tomato ortholog of CENTRORADIALIS and TERMINAL FLOWER1, genes which maintain the indeterminate state of inflorescence meristems in Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis respectively. The sp mutation results in a single amino acid change (P76L), and the mutant phenotype is mimicked by overexpressing the SP antisense RNA. Ectopic and overexpression of the SP and CEN transgenes in tomato rescues the ‘indeterminate’ phenotype, conditions the replacement of flowers by leaves in the inflorescence and suppresses the transition of the vegetative apex to a reproductive shoot. The SELF-PRUNING gene is expressed in shoot apices and leaves from very early stages, and later in inflorescence and floral primordia as well. This expression pattern is similar to that displayed by the tomato ortholog LEAFY and FLORICAULA. Comparison of the Sympodial, day-neutral shoot system of tomato and the monopodial, photoperiod-sensitive systems of Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum suggests that flowering genes that are required for the processing of floral induction signals in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum are required in tomato to regulate the alternation between vegetative and reproductive cycles in Sympodial meristems.
Stanley Lutts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Flowering response of the uniflora:blind:self-pruning and jointless:uniflora:self-pruning tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) triple mutants.
Physiologia plantarum, 2010Co-Authors: Muriel Quinet, Jean-marie Kinet, Stanley LuttsAbstract:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a day-neutral plant with a Sympodial growth habit. Triple mutants were produced in order to investigate the genetic interactions in the flowering regulation of this species in the initial and Sympodial segments. The jointless:uniflora:self-pruning and uniflora:blind:self-pruning triple mutants were produced by crossing the jointless:uniflora and uniflora:blind double mutants with the uniflora:self-pruning double mutant. The phenotype of the triple mutants was characterized and the expression of the affected genes was studied in the uniflora (uf) mutant through semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The triple mutants produced solitary flowers, as their uf parent, instead of inflorescences. They were both late flowering in the initial segment with a flowering time intermediate between their parental double mutants. The flowering time of the Sympodial segments was delayed in the jointless:uniflora:self-pruning triple mutant while the uniflora:blind:self-pruning triple mutant did not initiate Sympodial segments. The expression of the studied genes was not markedly affected by the uf mutation. These results suggest that floral transition of the primary shoot and of Sympodial segments is regulated differently in tomato. The UNIFLORA (UF) gene acts upstream of the other investigated genes in controlling reproductive structure and flowering time of the initial segment although their expression does not seem to be affected by the uf mutation. In the Sympodial segments, the self-pruning determinate phenotype is strengthened by the blind mutation and suppressed by the jointless mutation.
Jiangnan Teng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Sympodial bamboo species differ in carbon bio-sequestration and stocks within phytoliths of leaf litters and living leaves.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016Co-Authors: Tingting Xiang, Jiangnan Teng, Zhangting Huang, Peikun Jiang, Cifu Meng, Yuqi Ying, Caixian Tang, Rong ZhengAbstract:Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) with high resistance against decomposition is an important carbon (C) sink in many ecosystems. This study compared concentrations of phytolith in plants and the PhytOC production of seven Sympodial bamboo species in southern China, aiming to provide the information for the managed bamboo plantation and selection of bamboo species to maximize phytolith C sequestration. Leaf litters and living leaves of seven Sympodial bamboo species were collected from the field sites. Concentrations of phytoliths, silicon (Si), and PhytOC in leaf litters and living leaves were measured. Carbon sequestration as PhytOC was estimated. There was a considerable variation in the PhytOC concentrations in the leaf litters and living leaves among the seven bamboo species. The mean concentrations of PhytOC ranged from 3.4 to 6.9 g kg−1 in leaf litters and from 1.6 to 5.9 g kg−1 in living leaves, with the PhytOC production rates ranging from 5.7 to 52.3 kg e-CO2 ha−1 year−1 as leaf litters. Dendrocalamopsis oldhami (Munro) Keng f. had the highest PhytOC production rate. Based on a bio-sequestration rate of 52.3 kg e-CO2 ha−1 year−1, we estimated that the current 8 × 105 ha of Sympodial bamboo stands in China could potentially acquire 4.2 × 104 t e-CO2 yearly via phytolith carbon. Furthermore, the seven Sympodial bamboo species stored 5.38 × 105 t e-CO2 as PhytOC in living leaves and leaf litters in China. It is concluded that Sympodial bamboos make a significant contribution to C sequestration and that to maximize the PhytOC accumulation, the bamboo species with the highest PhytOC production rate should be selected for plantation.
-
Spatial distribution and variability of carbon storage in different Sympodial bamboo species in China
Journal of environmental management, 2015Co-Authors: Jiangnan Teng, Tingting Xiang, Zhangting Huang, Peikun Jiang, Cifu Meng, Jeffry J. FuhrmannAbstract:Abstract Selection of tree species is potentially an important management decision for increasing carbon storage in forest ecosystems. This study investigated and compared spatial distribution and variability of carbon storage in 8 Sympodial bamboo species in China. The results of this study showed that average carbon densities (CDs) in the different organs decreased in the order: culms (0.4754 g g −1 ) > below-ground (0.4701 g g −1 ) > branches (0.4662 g g −1 ) > leaves (0.4420 g g −1 ). Spatial distribution of carbon storage (CS) on an area basis in the biomass of 8 Sympodial bamboo species was in the order: culms (17.4–77.1%) > below-ground (10.6–71.7%) > branches (3.8–11.6%) > leaves (0.9–5.1%). Total CSs in the Sympodial bamboo ecosystems ranged from 103.6 Mg C ha −1 in Bambusa textilis McClure stand to 194.2 Mg C ha −1 in Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro stand. Spatial distribution of CSs in 8 Sympodial bamboo ecosystems decreased in the order: soil (68.0–83.5%) > vegetation (16.8–31.1%) > litter (0.3–1.7%). Total current CS and biomass carbon sequestration rate in the Sympodial bamboo stands studied in China is 93.184 × 10 6 Mg C ha −1 and 8.573 × 10 6 Mg C yr −1 , respectively. The Sympodial bamboos had a greater CSs and higher carbon sequestration rates relative to other bamboo species. Sympodial bamboos can play an important role in improving climate and economy in the widely cultivated areas of the world.
Tingting Xiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Sympodial bamboo species differ in carbon bio-sequestration and stocks within phytoliths of leaf litters and living leaves.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016Co-Authors: Tingting Xiang, Jiangnan Teng, Zhangting Huang, Peikun Jiang, Cifu Meng, Yuqi Ying, Caixian Tang, Rong ZhengAbstract:Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) with high resistance against decomposition is an important carbon (C) sink in many ecosystems. This study compared concentrations of phytolith in plants and the PhytOC production of seven Sympodial bamboo species in southern China, aiming to provide the information for the managed bamboo plantation and selection of bamboo species to maximize phytolith C sequestration. Leaf litters and living leaves of seven Sympodial bamboo species were collected from the field sites. Concentrations of phytoliths, silicon (Si), and PhytOC in leaf litters and living leaves were measured. Carbon sequestration as PhytOC was estimated. There was a considerable variation in the PhytOC concentrations in the leaf litters and living leaves among the seven bamboo species. The mean concentrations of PhytOC ranged from 3.4 to 6.9 g kg−1 in leaf litters and from 1.6 to 5.9 g kg−1 in living leaves, with the PhytOC production rates ranging from 5.7 to 52.3 kg e-CO2 ha−1 year−1 as leaf litters. Dendrocalamopsis oldhami (Munro) Keng f. had the highest PhytOC production rate. Based on a bio-sequestration rate of 52.3 kg e-CO2 ha−1 year−1, we estimated that the current 8 × 105 ha of Sympodial bamboo stands in China could potentially acquire 4.2 × 104 t e-CO2 yearly via phytolith carbon. Furthermore, the seven Sympodial bamboo species stored 5.38 × 105 t e-CO2 as PhytOC in living leaves and leaf litters in China. It is concluded that Sympodial bamboos make a significant contribution to C sequestration and that to maximize the PhytOC accumulation, the bamboo species with the highest PhytOC production rate should be selected for plantation.
-
Spatial distribution and variability of carbon storage in different Sympodial bamboo species in China
Journal of environmental management, 2015Co-Authors: Jiangnan Teng, Tingting Xiang, Zhangting Huang, Peikun Jiang, Cifu Meng, Jeffry J. FuhrmannAbstract:Abstract Selection of tree species is potentially an important management decision for increasing carbon storage in forest ecosystems. This study investigated and compared spatial distribution and variability of carbon storage in 8 Sympodial bamboo species in China. The results of this study showed that average carbon densities (CDs) in the different organs decreased in the order: culms (0.4754 g g −1 ) > below-ground (0.4701 g g −1 ) > branches (0.4662 g g −1 ) > leaves (0.4420 g g −1 ). Spatial distribution of carbon storage (CS) on an area basis in the biomass of 8 Sympodial bamboo species was in the order: culms (17.4–77.1%) > below-ground (10.6–71.7%) > branches (3.8–11.6%) > leaves (0.9–5.1%). Total CSs in the Sympodial bamboo ecosystems ranged from 103.6 Mg C ha −1 in Bambusa textilis McClure stand to 194.2 Mg C ha −1 in Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro stand. Spatial distribution of CSs in 8 Sympodial bamboo ecosystems decreased in the order: soil (68.0–83.5%) > vegetation (16.8–31.1%) > litter (0.3–1.7%). Total current CS and biomass carbon sequestration rate in the Sympodial bamboo stands studied in China is 93.184 × 10 6 Mg C ha −1 and 8.573 × 10 6 Mg C yr −1 , respectively. The Sympodial bamboos had a greater CSs and higher carbon sequestration rates relative to other bamboo species. Sympodial bamboos can play an important role in improving climate and economy in the widely cultivated areas of the world.
