The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sofia F Franco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
downtown parking supply work trip mode choice and Urban Spatial Structure
Transportation Research Part B-methodological, 2017Co-Authors: Sofia F FrancoAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the effects of changes in downtown parking supply on Urban welfare, modal choice decisions and Urban Spatial Structure using a Spatial general equilibrium model of a closed monocentric city with two transport modes, endogenous residential parking and a form of bottleneck congestion at the CBD. Our analysis shows that parking reforms at the CBD that increase delay congestion costs in the short-run such as parking supply limits can be welfare improving if other commuting externalities such as air pollution can be reduced. In addition, because parking limits can also change location decisions such as where to live and invest they may complement anti-sprawl policies efforts by leading to a more compact Urban Spatial Structure in the long run. We also show that changes in downtown parking supply can have different Spatial impacts on the market supply of residential parking by affecting Urban residents’ location decisions. Finally, we investigate whether the self-financing theorem of transportation economics holds within the context of our Spatial Urban model.
-
downtown parking supply work trip mode choice and Urban Spatial Structure
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Sofia F FrancoAbstract:This paper examines the effects of changes in downtown parking supply on Urban welfare, modal choice decisions and Urban Spatial Structure using a Spatial general equilibrium model of a closed monocentric city with two transport modes, endogenous residential parking and a form of bottleneck congestion at the CBD. Our analysis shows that parking reforms at the CBD that increase delay congestion costs in the short-run such as parking supply limits can be welfare improving if other commuting externalities such as air pollution can be reduced. In addition, because parking limits can also change location decisions such as where to live and invest they may complement anti-sprawl policies efforts by leading to a more compact Urban Spatial Structure in the long run. We also show that changes in downtown parking supply can have different Spatial impacts on the market supply of residential parking by affecting Urban residents’ location decisions. Finally, we discuss the role of parking pricing as a complementary tool of congestion pricing to combat congestion in central areas and investigate whether the self-financing theorem of transportation economics holds within the context of our Spatial Urban model.
-
downtown parking supply work trip mode choice and Urban Spatial Structure
Research Papers in Economics, 2015Co-Authors: Sofia F FrancoAbstract:This paper examines the effects of changes in downtown parking supply on Urban welfare, modal choice decisions and Urban Spatial Structure using a Spatial general equilibrium model of a closed monocentric city with two transport modes, endogenous residential parking and a form of bottleneck congestion at the CBD. Our analysis shows that parking reforms at the CBD that increase delay congestion costs in the short-run such as parking supply limits can be welfare improving if other commuting externalities such as air pollution can be reduced. In addition, because parking limits can also change location decisions such as where to live and invest they may complement anti-sprawl policies efforts by leading to a more compact Urban Spatial Structure in the long run. We also show that changes in downtown parking supply can have different Spatial impacts on the market supply of residential parking by affecting Urban residents’ location decisions. Finally, we discuss the role of parking pricing as a complementary tool of congestion pricing to combat congestion in central areas and investigate whether the self-financing theorem of transportation economics holds within the context of our Spatial Urban model. JEL codes:
Yves Zenou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Urban Spatial Structure employment and social ties
Journal of Urban Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Pierre M Picard, Yves ZenouAbstract:Abstract Consider a model where workers from the majority and the minority group choose both their residential location (geographical space) and the intensity of their social interactions (social space). We demonstrate under which condition one group resides close to the job center while the other lives far away from it. Even though the two groups have the same characteristics and there is no discrimination in the housing or labor market, we show that the majority group can have a lower unemployment rate whenever it resides close to or far away from the workplace. This is because this group generates a larger and better-quality social network.
-
Urban Spatial Structure employment and social ties
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Pierre M Picard, Yves ZenouAbstract:We develop a model where workers both choose their residential location (geographical space) and social interactions (social space). In equilibrium, we show under which condition the majority group resides close to the job center while the minority group lives far away from it. Even though the two populations are ex ante totally identical, we find that the majority group experiences a lower unemployment rate than the minority group and tends to socially interact more with other workers of its own group. Within each group, we demonstrate that workers residing farther away from the job center tend to search less for a job and are less likely to be employed. This model is thus able to explain why ethnic minorities are segregated in the Urban and social space and why this leads to adverse labor-market outcomes in the absence of any discrimination against the minority group.
-
search wage posting and Urban Spatial Structure
Journal of Economic Geography, 2011Co-Authors: Yves ZenouAbstract:We develop an Urban-search model in which firms post wages. When all workers are identical, the Diamond paradox holds, i.e. there is a unique wage in equilibrium even in the presence of search and Spatial frictions. This wage is affected by Spatial and labour costs. When workers differ according to the value imputed to leisure, we show that, under some conditions, two wages emerge in equilibrium. The commuting cost affects the land market but also the labour market through wages. Workers' productivity also affects housing prices and this impact can be positive or negative depending on the location in the city. One important aspect of our model is that, even with positive search costs, wage dispersion prevails in equilibrium, a feature not possible in the non-Spatial model.
-
search wage posting and Urban Spatial Structure
Research Papers in Economics, 2010Co-Authors: Yves ZenouAbstract:We develop an Urban-search model in which firms post wages. When all workers are identical, there is a unique wage in equilibrium even in the presence of search and Spatial frictions. This wage is affected by Spatial and labor costs. When workers differ according to the value imputed to leisure, we show that, under some conditions, two wages emerge in equilibrium. The commuting cost affects the land market but also the labor market through wages. Workers’ productivity also affects housing prices and this impact can be positive or negative depending on the location in the city. We then run some numerical simulations to reproduce some stylized facts about the labor-market outcomes of black and white workers. We find that a reduction in commuting costs for all workers reduces the unemployment rate of white workers and the profit of all firms but increases the wage of all workers (black and white) and raises the fraction of firms posting the high wage.
-
Spatial mismatch search effort and Urban Spatial Structure
Journal of Urban Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Tony Smith, Yves ZenouAbstract:Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a new mechanism for the Spatial mismatch hypothesis. Spatial mismatch can here be the result of optimizing behavior on the part of the labor market participants. In particular, the unemployed can choose low amounts of search and long-term unemployment if they reside far away from jobs. They choose voluntary not to relocate close to jobs because the short-run gains (low land rent and large housing consumption) are big enough compared to the long-run gains of residing near jobs (higher probability of finding a job).
Elisabete A. Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
understanding the Urban Spatial Structure of sub saharan african cities using the case of Urban development patterns of a ghanaian city region
Habitat International, 2019Co-Authors: Felix S K Agyemang, Elisabete A. Silva, Michael PokuboansiAbstract:Abstract Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are undergoing massive Spatial transformation owing to rapid Urbanization. For many cities in the Global North, Latin America and Asia, Spatial transformation has been traditionally characterised by a shift from monocentric to polycentric Urban patterns. In the case of Sub-Saharan Africa, however, it is unclear whether the evolving Spatial Structure of cities conform to or are explained by existing Urban geography models. This paper pursues twofold objectives: one, examines the evolution of the Spatial Structure of a Sub-Saharan African city-region and its relationship with mainstream Urban geography models; and, two, explores the Urban planning and policy implications of the Spatial transformation. The study draws on Spatially explicit data from Kumasi City-Region in Ghana, which is analysed with a set of Spatial metrics and an Urban growth model. The results indicate that, while the city-region's Urban Spatial Structure before the turn of the Twenty-first century largely conforms to the traditional monocentric model, it is increasingly becoming deconcentrated and dispersive, which suggests a likely pending phase of coalescence in a stochastic fractal Urban growth process. Contrary to what is observed in other parts of the world, the declining monocentricity has not transformed into a polycentric Urban Structure, rather, Urban growth is becoming amorphous. There is high level of development spontaneity that cast an image of a city-region that is charting inefficient and unsustainable Spatial development path. Urban scholars would have to transcend the frontiers of existing Urban Structure models to better depict the Spatial evolution of sub-Saharan African cities like Kumasi City-Region, while Policy makers need to re-position the Ghanaian planning system to be more influential in delivering sustainable development patterns.
-
examining the dynamics of the interaction between the development of creative industries and Urban Spatial Structure by agent based modelling a case study of nanjing china
Urban Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Helin Liu, Elisabete A. SilvaAbstract:Much of the focus of research on creative industries’ influence upon Urban land use has been around the investment in specific regeneration projects or flagship developments rather than addressing the nature and location of the infraStructure, networks and agents engaged. In other words, the complexity of the institutional/temporal and Spatial interaction among the involved elements is overlooked or not well understood. This paper presents an agent-based model named CID-USST (Creative Industries Development-Urban Spatial Structure Transformation) that examines the dynamics of the interaction between the development of creative industries and Urban Spatial Structure by outputting a set of adaptive scenarios through time and space. It reveals that the Spatial distribution of both the creative firms and the creative workers evolves in a repeating up-and-down pattern even when the exogenous Urban economic condition is set to be steady. Moreover, the analysis also points to the policy implication that more ope...
-
Simulating the Dynamics Between the Development of Creative Industries and Urban Spatial Structure: An Agent-Based Model
Planning Support Systems for Sustainable Urban Development, 2013Co-Authors: Helin Liu, Elisabete A. SilvaAbstract:Creative industries have been widely adopted to promote economy growth, Urban regeneration and innovation. It is expected that this strategy can produce a sustainable development model. However, in reality it is not effective enough because the implemented policy based on linear analysis is misleading. This chapter aims to fill this gap by examining the dynamics among creative industries, Urban land space and Urban government from a complex systems’ view. It presents a general simulation framework and an agent-based model (named “CID-USST”) developed in NetLogo. This is a Spatially explicit model where a simplified Urban space is used to represent the real Urban land space. The agents involved include the creative firms, the creative workers, and the Urban government. The resulting Urban Spatial Structure is examined from two aspects: the Spatial density distribution and the Spatial clustering pattern of both the creative firms and the creative workers.
Xingshuo Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
monocentric or polycentric the Urban Spatial Structure of employment in beijing
Sustainability, 2015Co-Authors: Daquan Huang, Zhen Liu, Xingshuo ZhaoAbstract:The Spatial Structure of Beijing has changed dramatically since the reforms of the late 1970s. It is not clear, however, whether these changes have been sufficient to transform the city’s monocentric Spatial Structure into a polycentric one. This paper uses 2010 enterprise registered data to investigate the Spatial distribution of employment in Beijing. Using a customized grid to increase the Spatial resolution of our results, we explore the city’s employment density distribution and investigate potential employment subcenters. This leads to several findings. First, Beijing still has strong monocentric characteristics; second, the city has a very large employment center rather than a small central business district; third, five subcenters are identified, including four in the suburbs; and fourth, a polycentric model that includes these subcenters possesses more explanatory power than a simple monocentric model, but by only four percentage. We conclude that the Spatial Structure of Beijing is still quite monocentric, but may be in transition to a polycentric pattern.
-
land market land development and Urban Spatial Structure in beijing
Land Use Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Chengri Ding, Xingshuo ZhaoAbstract:The paper first examines Urban Spatial patterns of the gradients of housing and land prices and land development intensity, and then tests the relationship between the land price gradient and housing price gradient. Urban theory predicts the former is steeper than the latter based on the notion of derived demand for land from the provision of housing services. Finally the paper examines the impact of the property of housing production function on Urban Spatial Structure. For the property of housing production function, we are particularly interested in the elasticity of capital-land substitution. The paper concludes (1) market influences over Spatial Structure, (2) the derived demand for land, and (3) it is the actual (or expected) housing price increases that cause skyrocketing land prices, not the other way around.
Raul Santiagobartolomei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Urban Spatial Structure employment subcenters and freight travel
Journal of Transport Geography, 2017Co-Authors: Marlon G Boarnet, Andy Hong, Raul SantiagobartolomeiAbstract:Abstract Metropolitan areas in the U.S. have become increasingly polycentric. Large employment subcenters have emerged outside of central cities, competing against the traditional city center for labor and businesses. The existing literature on land use and transportation focuses on passenger travel, providing little insight into the impact of polycentric metropolitan development patterns on freight activity. In this study, we use the Los Angeles region as a case study to examine the relationship between Urban Spatial development patterns and freight travel. Using the National Employment Time Series (NETS) data, we identify employment subcenters in metropolitan Los Angeles. We characterize freight activities associated with the subcenters using data from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). We develop a regression model that estimates freight activity as a function of geographic characteristics, such as whether a location is in an employment subcenter, measures of nearby employment, access to the highway network, and proximity to intermodal freight facilities. The results indicate that employment is an important driver of freight activity; however, employment subcenters have an independent effect on freight activity. The results of this study suggest that further research on Urban Spatial Structure and freight activity should assess the effects of employment subcenters and how their particular employment composition and characteristics are associated with freight activities at the metropolitan level. Such an approach would lead to more precise policy recommendations for Urban goods movement.
-
Urban Spatial Structure employment subcenters and freight travel
Transportation Research Board 95th Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board, 2016Co-Authors: Marlon G Boarnet, Andy Hong, Raul SantiagobartolomeiAbstract:Metropolitan areas in the U.S. have become increasingly polycentric. Large employment subcenters have emerged outside of central cities, competing against the traditional city center for labor and businesses. The existing literature on land use and transportation focuses on passenger travel, providing little insight into the impact of polycentric metropolitan development patterns on freight activity. Despite a growing literature that suggests the importance of Urban Spatial Structure for passenger travel, the relationship between employment subcenters and freight travel remains largely unexplored. In this study, the authors use the Los Angeles region as a case study to examine the relationship between Urban Spatial development patterns and freight travel. Using the National Employment Time Series (NETS), they identify employment subcenters in metropolitan Los Angeles. They characterize freight activities associated with subcenters using data from Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). They develop a regression model that estimates freight activity as a function of geographic characteristics, including whether a location is in an employment subcenter, measures of nearby employment, access to the highway network, and proximity to intermodal freight facilities. The results indicate that employment is an important driver of freight activity; however, employment subcenters have an independent effect on freight activity. The results of this study suggest that further research on Urban form and freight activity should assess the effects of employment subcenters and how their particular employment composition and characteristics are associated with freight activities at the metropolitan level. Such an approach would lead to more precise policy recommendations for Urban goods movement.
