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Vitor F. O. Miranda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatio temporal distribution of cell wall components in the placentas ovules and female gametophytes of Utricularia during pollination
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Piotr świątek, Malgorzata Kapusta, Krzysztof Banaś, Anna BoguckakockaAbstract:In most angiosperms, the female gametophyte is hidden in the mother tissues and the pollen tube enters the ovule via a micropylar canal. The mother tissues play an essential role in the pollen tube guidance. However, in Utricularia, the female gametophyte surpasses the entire micropylar canal and extends beyond the limit of the integument. The female gametophyte then invades the placenta and a part of the central cell has direct contact with the ovary chamber. To date, information about the role of the placenta and integument in pollen tube guidance in Utricularia, which have extra-ovular female gametophytes, has been lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the placenta, central cell and integument in pollen tube pollen tube guidance in Utricularia nelumbifolia Gardner and Utricularia humboldtii R.H. Schomb. by studying the production of arabinogalactan proteins. It was also determined whether the production of the arabinogalactan proteins is dependent on pollination in Utricularia. In both of the examined species, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) were observed in the placenta (epidermis and nutritive tissue), ovule (integument, chalaza), and female gametophyte of both pollinated and unpollinated flowers, which means that the production of AGPs is independent of pollination; however, the production of some AGPs was lower after fertilization. There were some differences in the production of AGPs between the examined species. The occurrence of AGPs in the placental epidermis and nutritive tissue suggests that they function as an obturator. The production of some AGPs in the ovular tissues (nucellus, integument) was independent of the presence of a mature embryo sac.
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structural features of carnivorous plant genlisea Utricularia tubers as abiotic stress resistance organs
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Piotr świątek, Saura R Silva, Kingsley W Dixon, Krzystof Lustofin, Guilherme C Seber, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menziesii is the only member of the genus to form seasonally dormant tubers. We aimed to examine and compare the tuber structure of two taxonomically and phylogenetically divergent terrestrial carnivorous plants: Genlisea tuberosa and Utricularia menziesii. Additionally, we analyzed tubers of U. mannii. We constructed phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genes matK/trnK and rbcL and used studied characters for ancestral state reconstruction. All examined species contained mainly starch as histologically observable reserves. The ancestral state reconstruction showed that specialized organs such as turions evolved once and tubers at least 12 times from stolons in Lentibulariaceae. Different from other clades, tubers probably evolved from thick stolons for sect. Orchidioides and both structures are primarily water storage structures. In contrast to species from section Orchidioides, G. tuberosa, U. menziesii and U. mannii form starchy tubers. In G. tuberosa and U. menziesii, underground tubers provide a perennating bud bank that protects the species in their fire-prone and seasonally desiccating environments.
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Life in the Current: Anatomy and Morphology of Utricularia neottioides.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Bartosz J. Płachno, Piotr Świątek, Lubomír Adamec, Małgorzata Kapusta, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Rheophytism is extremely rare in the Utricularia genus (there are four strictly rheophytic species out of a total of about 260). Utricularia neottioides is an aquatic rheophytic species exclusively growing attached to bedrocks in the South American streams. Utricularia neottioides was considered to be trap-free by some authors, suggesting that it had given up carnivory due to its specific habitat. Our aim was to compare the anatomy of rheophytic U. neottioides with an aquatic Utricularia species with a typical linear monomorphic shoot from the section Utricularia, U. reflexa, which grows in standing or very slowly streaming African waters. Additionally, we compared the immunodetection of cell wall components of both species. Light microscopy, histochemistry, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were used to address our aims. In U. neottioides, two organ systems can be distinguished: organs (stolons, inflorescence stalk) which possess sclerenchyma and are thus resistant to water currents, and organs without sclerenchyma (leaf-like shoots), which are submissive to the water streaming/movement. Due to life in the turbulent habitat, U. neottioides evolved specific characters including an anchor system with stolons, which have asymmetric structures, sclerenchyma and they form adhesive trichomes on the ventral side. This anchor stolon system performs additional multiple functions including photosynthesis, nutrient storage, vegetative reproduction. In contrast with typical aquatic Utricularia species from the section Utricularia growing in standing waters, U. neottioides stems have a well-developed sclerenchyma system lacking large gas spaces. Plants produce numerous traps, so they should still be treated as a fully carnivorous plant.
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dna barcoding approach fails to discriminate central european bladderworts Utricularia lentibulariaceae but provides insights concerning their evolution
Plant Biosystems, 2020Co-Authors: Giovanni Astuti, Lubomír Adamec, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Giulio Petroni, Lorenzo PeruzziAbstract:The main features to distinguish the seven native Utricularia species occurring in central Europe are found in flower shape, but being rarely flowering identification is often doubtful and uncertai...
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the terrestrial carnivorous plant Utricularia reniformis sheds light on environmental and life form genome plasticity
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Saura R Silva, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Todd P Michael, Helen A Penha, Ana Paula Moraes, Maria H M Juliao, Douglas Silva Domingues, Alessandro M VaraniAbstract:Utricularia belongs to Lentibulariaceae, a widespread family of carnivorous plants that possess ultra-small and highly dynamic nuclear genomes. It has been shown that the Lentibulariaceae genomes have been shaped by transposable elements expansion and loss, and multiple rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD), making the family a platform for evolutionary and comparative genomics studies. To explore the evolution of Utricularia, we estimated the chromosome number and genome size, as well as sequenced the terrestrial bladderwort Utricularia reniformis (2n = 40, 1C = 317.1-Mpb). Here, we report a high quality 304 Mb draft genome, with a scaffold NG50 of 466-Kb, a BUSCO completeness of 87.8%, and 42,582 predicted genes. Compared to the smaller and aquatic U. gibba genome (101 Mb) that has a 32% repetitive sequence, the U. reniformis genome is highly repetitive (56%). The structural differences between the two genomes are the result of distinct fractionation and rearrangements after WGD, and massive proliferation of LTR-retrotransposons. Moreover, GO enrichment analyses suggest an ongoing gene birth-death-innovation process occurring among the tandem duplicated genes, shaping the evolution of carnivory-associated functions. We also identified unique patterns of developmentally related genes that support the terrestrial life-form and body plan of U. reniformis. Collectively, our results provided additional insights into the evolution of the plastic and specialized Lentibulariaceae genomes.
Bartosz J Plachno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatio temporal distribution of cell wall components in the placentas ovules and female gametophytes of Utricularia during pollination
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Piotr świątek, Malgorzata Kapusta, Krzysztof Banaś, Anna BoguckakockaAbstract:In most angiosperms, the female gametophyte is hidden in the mother tissues and the pollen tube enters the ovule via a micropylar canal. The mother tissues play an essential role in the pollen tube guidance. However, in Utricularia, the female gametophyte surpasses the entire micropylar canal and extends beyond the limit of the integument. The female gametophyte then invades the placenta and a part of the central cell has direct contact with the ovary chamber. To date, information about the role of the placenta and integument in pollen tube guidance in Utricularia, which have extra-ovular female gametophytes, has been lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the placenta, central cell and integument in pollen tube pollen tube guidance in Utricularia nelumbifolia Gardner and Utricularia humboldtii R.H. Schomb. by studying the production of arabinogalactan proteins. It was also determined whether the production of the arabinogalactan proteins is dependent on pollination in Utricularia. In both of the examined species, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) were observed in the placenta (epidermis and nutritive tissue), ovule (integument, chalaza), and female gametophyte of both pollinated and unpollinated flowers, which means that the production of AGPs is independent of pollination; however, the production of some AGPs was lower after fertilization. There were some differences in the production of AGPs between the examined species. The occurrence of AGPs in the placental epidermis and nutritive tissue suggests that they function as an obturator. The production of some AGPs in the ovular tissues (nucellus, integument) was independent of the presence of a mature embryo sac.
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structural features of carnivorous plant genlisea Utricularia tubers as abiotic stress resistance organs
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Piotr świątek, Saura R Silva, Kingsley W Dixon, Krzystof Lustofin, Guilherme C Seber, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menziesii is the only member of the genus to form seasonally dormant tubers. We aimed to examine and compare the tuber structure of two taxonomically and phylogenetically divergent terrestrial carnivorous plants: Genlisea tuberosa and Utricularia menziesii. Additionally, we analyzed tubers of U. mannii. We constructed phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genes matK/trnK and rbcL and used studied characters for ancestral state reconstruction. All examined species contained mainly starch as histologically observable reserves. The ancestral state reconstruction showed that specialized organs such as turions evolved once and tubers at least 12 times from stolons in Lentibulariaceae. Different from other clades, tubers probably evolved from thick stolons for sect. Orchidioides and both structures are primarily water storage structures. In contrast to species from section Orchidioides, G. tuberosa, U. menziesii and U. mannii form starchy tubers. In G. tuberosa and U. menziesii, underground tubers provide a perennating bud bank that protects the species in their fire-prone and seasonally desiccating environments.
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intraspecific variation within the Utricularia amethystina species morphotypes based on chloroplast genomes
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Saura R Silva, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Bartosz J Plachno, Daniel G Pinheiro, Elliott J Meer, Todd P Michael, Helen A Penha, Alessandro M VaraniAbstract:Utricularia amethystina Salzm. ex A.St.-Hil. & Girard (Lentibulariaceae) is a highly polymorphic carnivorous plant taxonomically rearranged many times throughout history. Herein, the complete chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) of three U. amethystina morphotypes: purple-, white-, and yellow-flowered, were sequenced, compared, and putative markers for systematic, populations, and evolutionary studies were uncovered. In addition, RNA-Seq and RNA-editing analysis were employed for functional cpDNA evaluation. The cpDNA of three U. amethystina morphotypes exhibits typical quadripartite structure. Fine-grained sequence comparison revealed a high degree of intraspecific genetic variability in all morphotypes, including an exclusive inversion in the psbM and petN genes in U. amethystina yellow. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that U. amethystina morphotypes are monophyletic. Furthermore, in contrast to the terrestrial Utricularia reniformis cpDNA, the U. amethystina morphotypes retain all the plastid NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase (ndh) complex genes. This observation supports the hypothesis that the ndhs in terrestrial Utricularia were independently lost and regained, also suggesting that different habitats (aquatic and terrestrial) are not related to the absence of Utricularia ndhs gene repertoire as previously assumed. Moreover, RNA-Seq analyses recovered similar patterns, including nonsynonymous RNA-editing sites (e.g., rps14 and petB). Collectively, our results bring new insights into the chloroplast genome architecture and evolution of the photosynthesis machinery in the Lentibulariaceae.
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the trap architecture of Utricularia multifida and Utricularia westonii subg polypompholyx
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Lubomír Adamec, Piotr świątek, Samanta Gabriela Medeiros Carvalho, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Utricularia are carnivorous plants which have small hollow vesicles as suction traps that work underwater by means of negative pressure and watertightness of the entrance for capturing small animal prey. Utricularia multifida and U. westonii have specific thick-walled traps, which are triangular in a transverse section but their functioning is unclear. Some authors suggest that the trap door in U. multifida acts as a simple valve without a suction trapping mechanism. Our main aim was to check the anatomical trap characters that are responsible for possible water outflow and maintaining negative pressure as main functional parts of the active trap suction mechanism in both species. Using different microscopic techniques, we investigated the ultrastructure of external trap glands, quadrifids, glands near the entrance (bifids, monofids), and also pavement epithelium. Quadrifids of both species have a similar structure to those known in other species from the genus, which possess the suction trap mechanism. Glands near the entrance in U. multifida and U. westonii, which are responsible for water pumping in other species, are typically developed as in other species in the genus and have pedestal cells which are transfer cells. The transfer cells also occur in glands of the pavement epithelium, which is again typically developed as in other species in the genus. Simple biophysical tests did not confirm reliably neither the negative underpressure formation in the traps nor the watertightness of the entrance in both species. Our anatomical results indirectly support the hypothesis that both species have suction traps like all other Utricularia species, but the biophysical data rather suggest a passive valve mechanism.
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the structure and occurrence of a velum in Utricularia traps lentibulariaceae
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Piotr świątek, Piotr StolarczykAbstract:Bladderworts (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae, Lamiales) are carnivorous plants that form small suction traps (bladders) for catching invertebrates. The velum is a cuticle structure that is produced by specialized trichomes of the threshold pavement epithelium. It is believed that the velum together with the mucilage seals the free edge of the trap door and that it is necessary for correct functioning of the trap. However, recently, some authors have questioned the occurrence of a velum in the traps of the Utricularia from the various sections. The main aim of this study was to confirm whether velum occurs in the traps of the Utricularia species from the subgenera Polypompholyx, Bivalvaria, and Utricularia. The 15 species were examined from subg. Polypompholyx, subg. Bivalvaria, and subg. Utricularia. A velum was found in all examined Utricularia species. In the traps of the members of section Pleiochasia, there was an outer velum (forming a complete ring) and an inner velum. In the traps of Utricularia uniflora (Lasiocaules), there was only an inner velum. In these species, the formation of the velum was accompanied by intensive mucilage production, and as a result, when door was closed (set position), the mucilage and the velum touched the surface of the door. In members of both sections of Pleiochasia and Lasiocaules, the pavement epithelium had a more complicated structure (four to five zones) than in the members of the subgenera Bivalvaria and Utricularia in which three distinct zones occurred (an outer with a velum, a middle and an internal with the mucilage trichomes). Even in U. purpurea, where the threshold was a reduced pavement epithelium, it consisted of three functional zones and the presence of a velum. Two main types of velum have been proposed. A velum was present in Utricularia traps regardless of the trap type or the habitat (aquatic, epiphytic, and terrestrial species). We proposed broad definition of velum as cuticle membranes covered by mucilage; from a functional point of view, this definition is more useful and more reflects complexity of this structure.
Lubomír Adamec - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contrasting effect of prey capture on jasmonate accumulation in two genera of aquatic carnivorous plants aldrovanda Utricularia
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021Co-Authors: Jana Jaksova, Lubomír Adamec, Ivan Petřik, Ondřej Novak, Marek Sebela, Andrej PavlovicAbstract:Terrestrial carnivorous plants of genera Drosera, Dionaea and Nepenthes within the order Caryophyllales employ jasmonates for the induction of digestive processes in their traps. Here, we focused on two aquatic carnivorous plant genera with different trapping mechanism from distinct families and orders: Aldrovanda (Droseraceae, Caryophyllales) with snap-traps and Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae, Lamiales) with suction traps. Using phytohormone analyses and simple biotest, we asked whether the jasmonates are involved in the activation of carnivorous response similar to that known in traps of terrestrial genera of Droseraceae (Drosera, Dionaea). The results showed that Utricularia, in contrast with Aldrovanda, does not use jasmonates for activation of carnivorous response and is the second genus in Lamiales, which has not co-opted jasmonate signalling for botanical carnivory. On the other hand, the nLC-MS/MS analyses revealed that both genera secreted digestive fluid containing cysteine protease homologous to dionain although the mode of its regulation may differ. Whereas in Utricularia the cysteine protease is present constitutively in digestive fluid, it is induced by prey and exogenous application of jasmonic acid in Aldrovanda.
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Life in the Current: Anatomy and Morphology of Utricularia neottioides.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Bartosz J. Płachno, Piotr Świątek, Lubomír Adamec, Małgorzata Kapusta, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Rheophytism is extremely rare in the Utricularia genus (there are four strictly rheophytic species out of a total of about 260). Utricularia neottioides is an aquatic rheophytic species exclusively growing attached to bedrocks in the South American streams. Utricularia neottioides was considered to be trap-free by some authors, suggesting that it had given up carnivory due to its specific habitat. Our aim was to compare the anatomy of rheophytic U. neottioides with an aquatic Utricularia species with a typical linear monomorphic shoot from the section Utricularia, U. reflexa, which grows in standing or very slowly streaming African waters. Additionally, we compared the immunodetection of cell wall components of both species. Light microscopy, histochemistry, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were used to address our aims. In U. neottioides, two organ systems can be distinguished: organs (stolons, inflorescence stalk) which possess sclerenchyma and are thus resistant to water currents, and organs without sclerenchyma (leaf-like shoots), which are submissive to the water streaming/movement. Due to life in the turbulent habitat, U. neottioides evolved specific characters including an anchor system with stolons, which have asymmetric structures, sclerenchyma and they form adhesive trichomes on the ventral side. This anchor stolon system performs additional multiple functions including photosynthesis, nutrient storage, vegetative reproduction. In contrast with typical aquatic Utricularia species from the section Utricularia growing in standing waters, U. neottioides stems have a well-developed sclerenchyma system lacking large gas spaces. Plants produce numerous traps, so they should still be treated as a fully carnivorous plant.
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dna barcoding approach fails to discriminate central european bladderworts Utricularia lentibulariaceae but provides insights concerning their evolution
Plant Biosystems, 2020Co-Authors: Giovanni Astuti, Lubomír Adamec, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Giulio Petroni, Lorenzo PeruzziAbstract:The main features to distinguish the seven native Utricularia species occurring in central Europe are found in flower shape, but being rarely flowering identification is often doubtful and uncertai...
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the trap architecture of Utricularia multifida and Utricularia westonii subg polypompholyx
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Lubomír Adamec, Piotr świątek, Samanta Gabriela Medeiros Carvalho, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Utricularia are carnivorous plants which have small hollow vesicles as suction traps that work underwater by means of negative pressure and watertightness of the entrance for capturing small animal prey. Utricularia multifida and U. westonii have specific thick-walled traps, which are triangular in a transverse section but their functioning is unclear. Some authors suggest that the trap door in U. multifida acts as a simple valve without a suction trapping mechanism. Our main aim was to check the anatomical trap characters that are responsible for possible water outflow and maintaining negative pressure as main functional parts of the active trap suction mechanism in both species. Using different microscopic techniques, we investigated the ultrastructure of external trap glands, quadrifids, glands near the entrance (bifids, monofids), and also pavement epithelium. Quadrifids of both species have a similar structure to those known in other species from the genus, which possess the suction trap mechanism. Glands near the entrance in U. multifida and U. westonii, which are responsible for water pumping in other species, are typically developed as in other species in the genus and have pedestal cells which are transfer cells. The transfer cells also occur in glands of the pavement epithelium, which is again typically developed as in other species in the genus. Simple biophysical tests did not confirm reliably neither the negative underpressure formation in the traps nor the watertightness of the entrance in both species. Our anatomical results indirectly support the hypothesis that both species have suction traps like all other Utricularia species, but the biophysical data rather suggest a passive valve mechanism.
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hunters or farmers microbiome characteristics help elucidate the diet composition in an aquatic carnivorous plant
Microbiome, 2018Co-Authors: Dagmara Sirová, Karel Šimek, Lubomír Adamec, Thomas Posch, Jakub Borovec, Jiří Bárta, Jiří Pech, James D Stone, Jaroslav VrbaAbstract:Background Utricularia are rootless aquatic carnivorous plants which have recently attracted the attention of researchers due to the peculiarities of their miniaturized genomes. Here, we focus on a novel aspect of Utricularia ecophysiology—the interactions with and within the complex communities of microorganisms colonizing their traps and external surfaces.
Saura R Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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structural features of carnivorous plant genlisea Utricularia tubers as abiotic stress resistance organs
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Piotr świątek, Saura R Silva, Kingsley W Dixon, Krzystof Lustofin, Guilherme C Seber, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menziesii is the only member of the genus to form seasonally dormant tubers. We aimed to examine and compare the tuber structure of two taxonomically and phylogenetically divergent terrestrial carnivorous plants: Genlisea tuberosa and Utricularia menziesii. Additionally, we analyzed tubers of U. mannii. We constructed phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genes matK/trnK and rbcL and used studied characters for ancestral state reconstruction. All examined species contained mainly starch as histologically observable reserves. The ancestral state reconstruction showed that specialized organs such as turions evolved once and tubers at least 12 times from stolons in Lentibulariaceae. Different from other clades, tubers probably evolved from thick stolons for sect. Orchidioides and both structures are primarily water storage structures. In contrast to species from section Orchidioides, G. tuberosa, U. menziesii and U. mannii form starchy tubers. In G. tuberosa and U. menziesii, underground tubers provide a perennating bud bank that protects the species in their fire-prone and seasonally desiccating environments.
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the terrestrial carnivorous plant Utricularia reniformis sheds light on environmental and life form genome plasticity
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Saura R Silva, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Todd P Michael, Helen A Penha, Ana Paula Moraes, Maria H M Juliao, Douglas Silva Domingues, Alessandro M VaraniAbstract:Utricularia belongs to Lentibulariaceae, a widespread family of carnivorous plants that possess ultra-small and highly dynamic nuclear genomes. It has been shown that the Lentibulariaceae genomes have been shaped by transposable elements expansion and loss, and multiple rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD), making the family a platform for evolutionary and comparative genomics studies. To explore the evolution of Utricularia, we estimated the chromosome number and genome size, as well as sequenced the terrestrial bladderwort Utricularia reniformis (2n = 40, 1C = 317.1-Mpb). Here, we report a high quality 304 Mb draft genome, with a scaffold NG50 of 466-Kb, a BUSCO completeness of 87.8%, and 42,582 predicted genes. Compared to the smaller and aquatic U. gibba genome (101 Mb) that has a 32% repetitive sequence, the U. reniformis genome is highly repetitive (56%). The structural differences between the two genomes are the result of distinct fractionation and rearrangements after WGD, and massive proliferation of LTR-retrotransposons. Moreover, GO enrichment analyses suggest an ongoing gene birth-death-innovation process occurring among the tandem duplicated genes, shaping the evolution of carnivory-associated functions. We also identified unique patterns of developmentally related genes that support the terrestrial life-form and body plan of U. reniformis. Collectively, our results provided additional insights into the evolution of the plastic and specialized Lentibulariaceae genomes.
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intraspecific variation within the Utricularia amethystina species morphotypes based on chloroplast genomes
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Saura R Silva, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Bartosz J Plachno, Daniel G Pinheiro, Elliott J Meer, Todd P Michael, Helen A Penha, Alessandro M VaraniAbstract:Utricularia amethystina Salzm. ex A.St.-Hil. & Girard (Lentibulariaceae) is a highly polymorphic carnivorous plant taxonomically rearranged many times throughout history. Herein, the complete chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) of three U. amethystina morphotypes: purple-, white-, and yellow-flowered, were sequenced, compared, and putative markers for systematic, populations, and evolutionary studies were uncovered. In addition, RNA-Seq and RNA-editing analysis were employed for functional cpDNA evaluation. The cpDNA of three U. amethystina morphotypes exhibits typical quadripartite structure. Fine-grained sequence comparison revealed a high degree of intraspecific genetic variability in all morphotypes, including an exclusive inversion in the psbM and petN genes in U. amethystina yellow. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that U. amethystina morphotypes are monophyletic. Furthermore, in contrast to the terrestrial Utricularia reniformis cpDNA, the U. amethystina morphotypes retain all the plastid NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase (ndh) complex genes. This observation supports the hypothesis that the ndhs in terrestrial Utricularia were independently lost and regained, also suggesting that different habitats (aquatic and terrestrial) are not related to the absence of Utricularia ndhs gene repertoire as previously assumed. Moreover, RNA-Seq analyses recovered similar patterns, including nonsynonymous RNA-editing sites (e.g., rps14 and petB). Collectively, our results bring new insights into the chloroplast genome architecture and evolution of the photosynthesis machinery in the Lentibulariaceae.
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molecular phylogeny of bladderworts a wide approach of Utricularia lentibulariaceae species relationships based on six plastidial and nuclear dna sequences
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Saura R Silva, Lubomír Adamec, Robert P Gibson, Yoannis Dominguez, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:The carnivorous plant genus Utricularia L. (bladderwort) comprises about 240 species distributed worldwide and is traditionally classified into two subgenera (Polypompholyx and Utricularia) and 35 sections, based mainly on general and trap morphology. It is one out of the largest carnivorous genera, representing ca. 30% of all carnivorous plant species, and is also the most widely distributed. According to previous phylogenetic studies, most infrageneric sections are monophyletic, but there are several incongruences considering their relationships and also the dissenting position of some species as a result of a too few (mostly one or two) molecular markers analyzed. Thus, here we present a multilocus phylogeny for Utricularia species with a wide taxonomic sampling (78 species and 115 accessions) based on six plastid (rbcL, matK, rpl20-rps12, rps16, trnL-F) and nuclear DNA (ITS region) sequences. The aim is to reconstruct a well-resolved tree to propose evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses for the radiation of lineages with inferences about the divergence times of clades using a molecular clock approach.
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phylogeny of the orchid like bladderworts gen Utricularia sect orchidioides and iperua lentibulariaceae with remarks on the stolon tuber system
Annals of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Fernanda Gomes Rodrigues, Lubomír Adamec, Bartosz J Plachno, Saura R Silva, Nestor Franco Marulanda, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Background and aims The 'orchid-like' bladderworts ( Utricularia ) comprise 15 species separated into two sections: Orchidioides and Iperua . These robust and mostly epiphytic species were originally grouped within the section Orchidioides by the first taxonomical systems. These species were later split into two sections when sect. Iperua was proposed. Due to the lack of strong evidence based on a robust phylogenetic perspective, this study presents a phylogenetic proposal based on four different DNA sequences (plastid and nuclear) and morphology to test the monophyly of the two sections. Methods In comparison with all previous phylogenetic studies, the largest number of species across the sections was covered: 11 species from sections Orchidioides and Iperua with 14 species as an external group. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences were applied to DNA sequences of rps16 , trnL-F , matK , the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and three morphological characters: (1) the crest of the corolla; (2) the primary organs in the embryo; and (3) tubers. Additionally, a histochemical analysis of the stolons and tubers is presented from an evolutionary perspective. Key results The analyses showed the paraphyly of sect. Iperua , since Utricularia humboldtii is more related to the clade of sect. Orchidioides . Utricularia cornigera is grouped in the sect. Iperua clade based on chloroplast DNA sequences, but it is nested to sect. Orchidioides according to ITS dataset. Morphological characters do not support the breaking up of the 'orchid-like' species into two sections, either. Moreover, the stolon-tuber systems of both sections serve exclusively for water storage, according to histological analyses. Conclusions This study provides strong evidence, based on DNA sequences from two genomic compartments (plastid and nucleus) and morphology to group the Utricularia sect. Orchidioides into the sect. Iperua . The tubers are important adaptations for water storage and have been derived from stolons at least twice in the phylogenetic history of 'orchid-like' bladderworts.
Piotr świątek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatio temporal distribution of cell wall components in the placentas ovules and female gametophytes of Utricularia during pollination
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Piotr świątek, Malgorzata Kapusta, Krzysztof Banaś, Anna BoguckakockaAbstract:In most angiosperms, the female gametophyte is hidden in the mother tissues and the pollen tube enters the ovule via a micropylar canal. The mother tissues play an essential role in the pollen tube guidance. However, in Utricularia, the female gametophyte surpasses the entire micropylar canal and extends beyond the limit of the integument. The female gametophyte then invades the placenta and a part of the central cell has direct contact with the ovary chamber. To date, information about the role of the placenta and integument in pollen tube guidance in Utricularia, which have extra-ovular female gametophytes, has been lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the placenta, central cell and integument in pollen tube pollen tube guidance in Utricularia nelumbifolia Gardner and Utricularia humboldtii R.H. Schomb. by studying the production of arabinogalactan proteins. It was also determined whether the production of the arabinogalactan proteins is dependent on pollination in Utricularia. In both of the examined species, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) were observed in the placenta (epidermis and nutritive tissue), ovule (integument, chalaza), and female gametophyte of both pollinated and unpollinated flowers, which means that the production of AGPs is independent of pollination; however, the production of some AGPs was lower after fertilization. There were some differences in the production of AGPs between the examined species. The occurrence of AGPs in the placental epidermis and nutritive tissue suggests that they function as an obturator. The production of some AGPs in the ovular tissues (nucellus, integument) was independent of the presence of a mature embryo sac.
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structural features of carnivorous plant genlisea Utricularia tubers as abiotic stress resistance organs
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Piotr świątek, Saura R Silva, Kingsley W Dixon, Krzystof Lustofin, Guilherme C Seber, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menziesii is the only member of the genus to form seasonally dormant tubers. We aimed to examine and compare the tuber structure of two taxonomically and phylogenetically divergent terrestrial carnivorous plants: Genlisea tuberosa and Utricularia menziesii. Additionally, we analyzed tubers of U. mannii. We constructed phylogenetic trees using chloroplast genes matK/trnK and rbcL and used studied characters for ancestral state reconstruction. All examined species contained mainly starch as histologically observable reserves. The ancestral state reconstruction showed that specialized organs such as turions evolved once and tubers at least 12 times from stolons in Lentibulariaceae. Different from other clades, tubers probably evolved from thick stolons for sect. Orchidioides and both structures are primarily water storage structures. In contrast to species from section Orchidioides, G. tuberosa, U. menziesii and U. mannii form starchy tubers. In G. tuberosa and U. menziesii, underground tubers provide a perennating bud bank that protects the species in their fire-prone and seasonally desiccating environments.
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the trap architecture of Utricularia multifida and Utricularia westonii subg polypompholyx
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Lubomír Adamec, Piotr świątek, Samanta Gabriela Medeiros Carvalho, Vitor F. O. MirandaAbstract:Utricularia are carnivorous plants which have small hollow vesicles as suction traps that work underwater by means of negative pressure and watertightness of the entrance for capturing small animal prey. Utricularia multifida and U. westonii have specific thick-walled traps, which are triangular in a transverse section but their functioning is unclear. Some authors suggest that the trap door in U. multifida acts as a simple valve without a suction trapping mechanism. Our main aim was to check the anatomical trap characters that are responsible for possible water outflow and maintaining negative pressure as main functional parts of the active trap suction mechanism in both species. Using different microscopic techniques, we investigated the ultrastructure of external trap glands, quadrifids, glands near the entrance (bifids, monofids), and also pavement epithelium. Quadrifids of both species have a similar structure to those known in other species from the genus, which possess the suction trap mechanism. Glands near the entrance in U. multifida and U. westonii, which are responsible for water pumping in other species, are typically developed as in other species in the genus and have pedestal cells which are transfer cells. The transfer cells also occur in glands of the pavement epithelium, which is again typically developed as in other species in the genus. Simple biophysical tests did not confirm reliably neither the negative underpressure formation in the traps nor the watertightness of the entrance in both species. Our anatomical results indirectly support the hypothesis that both species have suction traps like all other Utricularia species, but the biophysical data rather suggest a passive valve mechanism.
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the structure and occurrence of a velum in Utricularia traps lentibulariaceae
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Piotr świątek, Piotr StolarczykAbstract:Bladderworts (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae, Lamiales) are carnivorous plants that form small suction traps (bladders) for catching invertebrates. The velum is a cuticle structure that is produced by specialized trichomes of the threshold pavement epithelium. It is believed that the velum together with the mucilage seals the free edge of the trap door and that it is necessary for correct functioning of the trap. However, recently, some authors have questioned the occurrence of a velum in the traps of the Utricularia from the various sections. The main aim of this study was to confirm whether velum occurs in the traps of the Utricularia species from the subgenera Polypompholyx, Bivalvaria, and Utricularia. The 15 species were examined from subg. Polypompholyx, subg. Bivalvaria, and subg. Utricularia. A velum was found in all examined Utricularia species. In the traps of the members of section Pleiochasia, there was an outer velum (forming a complete ring) and an inner velum. In the traps of Utricularia uniflora (Lasiocaules), there was only an inner velum. In these species, the formation of the velum was accompanied by intensive mucilage production, and as a result, when door was closed (set position), the mucilage and the velum touched the surface of the door. In members of both sections of Pleiochasia and Lasiocaules, the pavement epithelium had a more complicated structure (four to five zones) than in the members of the subgenera Bivalvaria and Utricularia in which three distinct zones occurred (an outer with a velum, a middle and an internal with the mucilage trichomes). Even in U. purpurea, where the threshold was a reduced pavement epithelium, it consisted of three functional zones and the presence of a velum. Two main types of velum have been proposed. A velum was present in Utricularia traps regardless of the trap type or the habitat (aquatic, epiphytic, and terrestrial species). We proposed broad definition of velum as cuticle membranes covered by mucilage; from a functional point of view, this definition is more useful and more reflects complexity of this structure.
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floral micromorphology of the bird pollinated carnivorous plant species Utricularia menziesii r br lentibulariaceae
Annals of Botany, 2019Co-Authors: Bartosz J Plachno, Vitor F. O. Miranda, Piotr świątek, Piotr Stolarczyk, Malgorzata Stpiczynska, Hans Lambers, Francis J Nge, Gregory R CawthrayAbstract:Background and Aims Bird pollination is rare among species in the genus Utricularia, and has evolved independently in two lineages of this genus. In Western Australia, the Western Spinebill, Acanthorhynchus superciliosus, visits flowers of Utricularia menziesii (section Pleiochasia: subgenus Polypompholyx). This study aimed to examine the micromorphology of U. menziesii flowers to assess traits that might be linked to its pollination strategy. Methods Light microscopy, histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy were used. Nectar sugar composition was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Key Results The flowers of U. menziesii fulfil many criteria that characterize bird-pollinated flowers: red colour, a large, tough nectary spur that can withstand contact with a hard beak, lack of visual nectar guides and fragrance. Trichomes at the palate and throat may act as tactile signals. Spur nectary trichomes did not form clearly visible patches, but were more frequently distributed along vascular bundles, and were small and sessile. Each trichome comprised a single basal cell, a unicellular short pedestal cell (barrier cell) and a multicelled head. These trichomes were much smaller than those of the U. vulgaris allies. Hexose-dominated nectar was detected in flower spurs. Fructose and glucose were present in equal quantities (43 ± 3.6 and 42 ± 3.6 g L-1). Sucrose was only detected in one sample, essentially at the limit of detection for the method used. This type of nectar is common in flowers pollinated by passerine perching birds. Conclusions The architecture of nectary trichomes in U. menziesii was similar to that of capitate trichomes of insect-pollinated species in this genus; thus, the most important specializations to bird pollination were flower colour (red), and both spur shape and size modification. Bird pollination is probably a recent innovation in the genus Utricularia, subgenus Polypompholyx, and is likely to have evolved from bee-pollinated ancestors.
