Vaginal Mucus

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 1845 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Annie Rodolakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • recombinant 35 kda inclusion membrane protein inca as a candidate antigen for serodiagnosis of chlamydophila pecorum
    Veterinary Microbiology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Khalil Yousef Mohamad, Abdessalem Rekiki, Mustapha Berri, Annie Rodolakis
    Abstract:

    Chlamydophila pecorum strains are commonly found in the intestine and Vaginal Mucus of asymptomatic ruminants and may therefore induce a positive serological response when the animals are tested for C. abortus. They have also been associated with different pathological diseases in ruminants, swine and koala. The aim of this study was to identify specific C. pecorum immunodominant antigens which could be used in ELISA tests allowing to distinguish between animals infected with C. pecorum and those infected with other chlamydial species. A gene encoding 35-kDa inclusion membrane protein incA of C. pecorum was isolated by immunoscreening of the C. pecorum DNA library using ovine anti-C. pecorum antibodies. The recombinant IncA protein did not react with a murine serum directed against C. abortus but did react with a specific monoclonal antibody of C. pecorum and toward several ovine serum samples obtained after experimental infection with different C. pecorum strains. This protein could be a good candidate for specific diagnosis of C. pecorum infection.

  • Recent advances in the understanding of Chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the Chlamydiaceae family
    Veterinary Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Khalil Yousef Mohamad, Annie Rodolakis
    Abstract:

    Chlamydophila pecorum found in the intestine and Vaginal Mucus of asymptomatic ruminants has also been associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koalas. Some endangered species such as water buffalos and bandicoots have also been found to be infected by C. pecorum. The persistence of C. pecorum strains in the intestine and Vaginal Mucus of ruminants could cause long-term sub-clinical infection affecting the animal's health. C. pecorum strains present many genetic and antigenic variations, but coding tandem repeats have recently been found in some C. pecorum genes, allowing C. pecorum strains isolated from sick animals to be differentiated from those isolated from asymptomatic animals. This review provides an update on C. pecorum infections in different animal hosts and the implications for animal health. The taxonomy, typing and genetic aspects of C. pecorum are also reviewed.

  • coxiella burnetii shedding routes and antibody response after outbreaks of q fever induced abortion in dairy goat herds
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Elodie Rousset, Mustapha Berri, Benoit Durand, Philippe Dufour, Myriam Prigent, Thibault Delcroix, Anne Touratier, Annie Rodolakis
    Abstract:

    Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium largely carried by ruminants and shed into milk, Vaginal Mucus, and feces. The main potential hazard to humans and animals is due to shedding of bacteria that can then persist in the environment and be aerosolized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shedding after an outbreak of Q fever abortion in goat herds and to assess the relationship with the occurrence of abortions and antibody responses. Aborting and nonaborting goats were monitored by PCR for C. burnetii shedding 15 and 30 days after the abortion episodes. PCR analysis of all samples showed that 70% (n = 50) of the aborting and 53% (n = 70) of the nonaborting goats were positive. C. burnetii was shed into Vaginal Mucus, feces, and milk of 44%, 21%, and 38%, respectively, of goats that aborted and 27%, 20%, and 31%, respectively, of goats that delivered normally. Statistical comparison of these shedding results did not reveal any difference between these two groups. PCR results obtained for the Vaginal and fecal routes were concordant in 81% of cases, whereas those for milk correlated with only 49% of cases with either Vaginal or fecal shedding status. Serological analysis, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and complement fixation tests, showed that at least 24% of the seronegative goats shed bacteria. Positive Vaginal and fecal shedding, unlike positive milk shedding, was observed more often in animals that were weakly positive or negative by ELISA or IFA. Two opposite shedding trends were thus apparent for the milk and Vaginal-fecal routes. Moreover, this study showed that a nonnegligible proportion of seronegative animals that delivered normally could excrete C. burnetii.

  • Recent advances in the understanding of
    'EDP Sciences', 2009
    Co-Authors: Khalil Yousef Mohamad, Annie Rodolakis
    Abstract:

    Chlamydophila pecorum found in the intestine and Vaginal Mucus of asymptomatic ruminants has also been associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koalas. Some endangered species such as water buffalos and bandicoots have also been found to be infected by C. pecorum. The persistence of C. pecorum strains in the intestine and Vaginal Mucus of ruminants could cause long-term sub-clinical infection affecting the animal’s health. C. pecorum strains present many genetic and antigenic variations, but coding tandem repeats have recently been found in some C. pecorum genes, allowing C. pecorum strains isolated from sick animals to be differentiated from those isolated from asymptomatic animals. This review provides an update on C. pecorum infections in different animal hosts and the implications for animal health. The taxonomy, typing and genetic aspects of C. pecorum are also reviewed

  • comparison of coxiella burnetii shedding in milk of dairy bovine caprine and ovine herds
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Annie Rodolakis, Mustapha Berri, C Hechard, C Caudron, A Souriau, Christelle C Bodier, B Blanchard, P Camuset, P Devillechaise, J C Natorp
    Abstract:

    The shedding of Coxiella burnetii in bovine, caprine, and ovine milk was measured using PCR, in 3 herds for each species, the bulk tank milk samples of which were positive at the time of their selection. Milk samples of 95 cows, 120 goats, and 90 ewes were sampled over 16 wk, as was the bulk tank milk. The shedding of C. burnetii in Vaginal Mucus and feces was checked at the beginning of the experiment and 2 mo later. The clinical signs in the selected herds as well as the duration and the shedding routes differed among the 3 species. The cows were asymptomatic and shed C. burnetii almost exclusively in milk. In one of the caprine herds, abortions due to C. burnetii were reported. The goats excreted the bacteria mainly in milk. In contrast, the ewes, which came from flocks with abortions due to Q fever (C. burnetii infection), shed the bacteria mostly in feces and in Vaginal Mucus. This could explain why human outbreaks of Q fever are more often related to ovine flocks than to bovine herds. These excretions did not seem more frequent when the samples were taken close to parturition. The samples were taken from 0 to 421 d after parturition in bovine herds and from 5 to 119 d and 11 to 238 d after parturition in the caprine and ovine herds, respectively. The shedding in milk was sometimes intermittent, and several animals shed the bacteria but were negative by ELISA: 80% of the ewes were seronegative, underscoring the lack of sensitivity of the ELISA tests available for veterinary diagnosis. The detection of antibodies in milk seems more sensitive than it is in serum.

Mustapha Berri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • recombinant 35 kda inclusion membrane protein inca as a candidate antigen for serodiagnosis of chlamydophila pecorum
    Veterinary Microbiology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Khalil Yousef Mohamad, Abdessalem Rekiki, Mustapha Berri, Annie Rodolakis
    Abstract:

    Chlamydophila pecorum strains are commonly found in the intestine and Vaginal Mucus of asymptomatic ruminants and may therefore induce a positive serological response when the animals are tested for C. abortus. They have also been associated with different pathological diseases in ruminants, swine and koala. The aim of this study was to identify specific C. pecorum immunodominant antigens which could be used in ELISA tests allowing to distinguish between animals infected with C. pecorum and those infected with other chlamydial species. A gene encoding 35-kDa inclusion membrane protein incA of C. pecorum was isolated by immunoscreening of the C. pecorum DNA library using ovine anti-C. pecorum antibodies. The recombinant IncA protein did not react with a murine serum directed against C. abortus but did react with a specific monoclonal antibody of C. pecorum and toward several ovine serum samples obtained after experimental infection with different C. pecorum strains. This protein could be a good candidate for specific diagnosis of C. pecorum infection.

  • coxiella burnetii shedding routes and antibody response after outbreaks of q fever induced abortion in dairy goat herds
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Elodie Rousset, Mustapha Berri, Benoit Durand, Philippe Dufour, Myriam Prigent, Thibault Delcroix, Anne Touratier, Annie Rodolakis
    Abstract:

    Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium largely carried by ruminants and shed into milk, Vaginal Mucus, and feces. The main potential hazard to humans and animals is due to shedding of bacteria that can then persist in the environment and be aerosolized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shedding after an outbreak of Q fever abortion in goat herds and to assess the relationship with the occurrence of abortions and antibody responses. Aborting and nonaborting goats were monitored by PCR for C. burnetii shedding 15 and 30 days after the abortion episodes. PCR analysis of all samples showed that 70% (n = 50) of the aborting and 53% (n = 70) of the nonaborting goats were positive. C. burnetii was shed into Vaginal Mucus, feces, and milk of 44%, 21%, and 38%, respectively, of goats that aborted and 27%, 20%, and 31%, respectively, of goats that delivered normally. Statistical comparison of these shedding results did not reveal any difference between these two groups. PCR results obtained for the Vaginal and fecal routes were concordant in 81% of cases, whereas those for milk correlated with only 49% of cases with either Vaginal or fecal shedding status. Serological analysis, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and complement fixation tests, showed that at least 24% of the seronegative goats shed bacteria. Positive Vaginal and fecal shedding, unlike positive milk shedding, was observed more often in animals that were weakly positive or negative by ELISA or IFA. Two opposite shedding trends were thus apparent for the milk and Vaginal-fecal routes. Moreover, this study showed that a nonnegligible proportion of seronegative animals that delivered normally could excrete C. burnetii.

  • comparison of coxiella burnetii shedding in milk of dairy bovine caprine and ovine herds
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2007
    Co-Authors: Annie Rodolakis, Mustapha Berri, C Hechard, C Caudron, A Souriau, Christelle C Bodier, B Blanchard, P Camuset, P Devillechaise, J C Natorp
    Abstract:

    The shedding of Coxiella burnetii in bovine, caprine, and ovine milk was measured using PCR, in 3 herds for each species, the bulk tank milk samples of which were positive at the time of their selection. Milk samples of 95 cows, 120 goats, and 90 ewes were sampled over 16 wk, as was the bulk tank milk. The shedding of C. burnetii in Vaginal Mucus and feces was checked at the beginning of the experiment and 2 mo later. The clinical signs in the selected herds as well as the duration and the shedding routes differed among the 3 species. The cows were asymptomatic and shed C. burnetii almost exclusively in milk. In one of the caprine herds, abortions due to C. burnetii were reported. The goats excreted the bacteria mainly in milk. In contrast, the ewes, which came from flocks with abortions due to Q fever (C. burnetii infection), shed the bacteria mostly in feces and in Vaginal Mucus. This could explain why human outbreaks of Q fever are more often related to ovine flocks than to bovine herds. These excretions did not seem more frequent when the samples were taken close to parturition. The samples were taken from 0 to 421 d after parturition in bovine herds and from 5 to 119 d and 11 to 238 d after parturition in the caprine and ovine herds, respectively. The shedding in milk was sometimes intermittent, and several animals shed the bacteria but were negative by ELISA: 80% of the ewes were seronegative, underscoring the lack of sensitivity of the ELISA tests available for veterinary diagnosis. The detection of antibodies in milk seems more sensitive than it is in serum.

  • Shedding routes of Coxiella burnetii in dairy cows : implications for detection and control
    Veterinary research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Raphaël Guatteo, François Beaudeau, A. Joly, Mustapha Berri, Annie Rodolakis, Henri Seegers
    Abstract:

    Reliable detection of Coxiella burnetii shedders is a critical point for the control of the spread of this bacterium among animals and from animals to humans. Coxiella burnetii is shed by ruminants mainly by birth products (placenta, birth fluids), but may also be shed by Vaginal Mucus, milk, and faeces, urine and semen. However, the informative value of these types of samples to identify shedders under field conditions is unknown. Our aim was then to describe the responses obtained using a real-time PCR technique applied to milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces samples taken from 242 dairy cows in commercial dairy herds known to be naturally infected with Coxiella burnetii, and to assess their putative associations. Positive results were found in all types of tested samples even in faeces. No predominant shedding route was identified. Among the shedder cows, 65.4% were detected as shedders by only one route. By contrast, cows with positive results for all three samples were scarce (less than 7%). Testing a cow based on only one type of biological sample may lead to misclassify it with regards to its shedding of Coxiella burnetii and thereby underestimate the risk of bacterial spread within a herd.

François Beaudeau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • prevention of coxiella burnetii shedding in infected dairy herds using a phase i c burnetii inactivated vaccine
    Vaccine, 2008
    Co-Authors: Raphaël Guatteo, François Beaudeau, A. Joly, H Seegers
    Abstract:

    Abstract The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a monovalent inactivated vaccine containing phase I Coxiella burnetii to prevent Coxiella shedding in susceptible dairy cows within infected herds in comparison to a placebo. A total of 336 dairy cows and heifers, from six spontaneously infected herds, were followed over a 1-year period. Before treatment ( i.e. vaccination or placebo), the C. burnetii infection status of the cows was determined on the basis on PCR results on milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces and serological analysis performed 2 weeks apart. A cow was considered susceptible ( i.e. non-infected) when all results were negative, and was considered infected otherwise. The allocation of treatments was performed randomly within pregnant and non-pregnant cows. After treatment (D0), the animals were subject to systematic sampling (milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces) on D90, D180, D270 and D360 to detect putative shedding. In addition, the same samples were taken within 15 days after calving. An animal was considered as a shedder at a given time t , if at t , it was found PCR-positive on at least one test taken among the samples (milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces). The effect of the treatment on the probability for an initially susceptible animal of becoming shedder was assessed using survival analysis techniques (Cox regression model). Almost all heifers were detected as susceptible before treatment. When vaccinated while not pregnant, an animal had a five times lower probability of becoming a shedder than an animal receiving placebo. An animal which was vaccinated while pregnant had a similar probability of becoming shedder as an animal receiving the placebo. There was no significant farm effect in this multi-centric trial. These results highlight the value of implementing vaccination, if possible, in non-infected herds. In infected herds, the vaccination should be implemented in quite all presumably susceptible animals, i.e. at least the heifers. The vaccination of the dairy cows should be performed when the within-herd seroprevalence is low, i.e. in herds where the infection has not spread widely yet.

  • Shedding routes of Coxiella burnetii in dairy cows : implications for detection and control
    Veterinary research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Raphaël Guatteo, François Beaudeau, A. Joly, Mustapha Berri, Annie Rodolakis, Henri Seegers
    Abstract:

    Reliable detection of Coxiella burnetii shedders is a critical point for the control of the spread of this bacterium among animals and from animals to humans. Coxiella burnetii is shed by ruminants mainly by birth products (placenta, birth fluids), but may also be shed by Vaginal Mucus, milk, and faeces, urine and semen. However, the informative value of these types of samples to identify shedders under field conditions is unknown. Our aim was then to describe the responses obtained using a real-time PCR technique applied to milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces samples taken from 242 dairy cows in commercial dairy herds known to be naturally infected with Coxiella burnetii, and to assess their putative associations. Positive results were found in all types of tested samples even in faeces. No predominant shedding route was identified. Among the shedder cows, 65.4% were detected as shedders by only one route. By contrast, cows with positive results for all three samples were scarce (less than 7%). Testing a cow based on only one type of biological sample may lead to misclassify it with regards to its shedding of Coxiella burnetii and thereby underestimate the risk of bacterial spread within a herd.

Raphaël Guatteo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • prevention of coxiella burnetii shedding in infected dairy herds using a phase i c burnetii inactivated vaccine
    Vaccine, 2008
    Co-Authors: Raphaël Guatteo, François Beaudeau, A. Joly, H Seegers
    Abstract:

    Abstract The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a monovalent inactivated vaccine containing phase I Coxiella burnetii to prevent Coxiella shedding in susceptible dairy cows within infected herds in comparison to a placebo. A total of 336 dairy cows and heifers, from six spontaneously infected herds, were followed over a 1-year period. Before treatment ( i.e. vaccination or placebo), the C. burnetii infection status of the cows was determined on the basis on PCR results on milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces and serological analysis performed 2 weeks apart. A cow was considered susceptible ( i.e. non-infected) when all results were negative, and was considered infected otherwise. The allocation of treatments was performed randomly within pregnant and non-pregnant cows. After treatment (D0), the animals were subject to systematic sampling (milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces) on D90, D180, D270 and D360 to detect putative shedding. In addition, the same samples were taken within 15 days after calving. An animal was considered as a shedder at a given time t , if at t , it was found PCR-positive on at least one test taken among the samples (milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces). The effect of the treatment on the probability for an initially susceptible animal of becoming shedder was assessed using survival analysis techniques (Cox regression model). Almost all heifers were detected as susceptible before treatment. When vaccinated while not pregnant, an animal had a five times lower probability of becoming a shedder than an animal receiving placebo. An animal which was vaccinated while pregnant had a similar probability of becoming shedder as an animal receiving the placebo. There was no significant farm effect in this multi-centric trial. These results highlight the value of implementing vaccination, if possible, in non-infected herds. In infected herds, the vaccination should be implemented in quite all presumably susceptible animals, i.e. at least the heifers. The vaccination of the dairy cows should be performed when the within-herd seroprevalence is low, i.e. in herds where the infection has not spread widely yet.

  • Shedding routes of Coxiella burnetii in dairy cows : implications for detection and control
    Veterinary research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Raphaël Guatteo, François Beaudeau, A. Joly, Mustapha Berri, Annie Rodolakis, Henri Seegers
    Abstract:

    Reliable detection of Coxiella burnetii shedders is a critical point for the control of the spread of this bacterium among animals and from animals to humans. Coxiella burnetii is shed by ruminants mainly by birth products (placenta, birth fluids), but may also be shed by Vaginal Mucus, milk, and faeces, urine and semen. However, the informative value of these types of samples to identify shedders under field conditions is unknown. Our aim was then to describe the responses obtained using a real-time PCR technique applied to milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces samples taken from 242 dairy cows in commercial dairy herds known to be naturally infected with Coxiella burnetii, and to assess their putative associations. Positive results were found in all types of tested samples even in faeces. No predominant shedding route was identified. Among the shedder cows, 65.4% were detected as shedders by only one route. By contrast, cows with positive results for all three samples were scarce (less than 7%). Testing a cow based on only one type of biological sample may lead to misclassify it with regards to its shedding of Coxiella burnetii and thereby underestimate the risk of bacterial spread within a herd.

Henri Seegers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Shedding routes of Coxiella burnetii in dairy cows : implications for detection and control
    Veterinary research, 2006
    Co-Authors: Raphaël Guatteo, François Beaudeau, A. Joly, Mustapha Berri, Annie Rodolakis, Henri Seegers
    Abstract:

    Reliable detection of Coxiella burnetii shedders is a critical point for the control of the spread of this bacterium among animals and from animals to humans. Coxiella burnetii is shed by ruminants mainly by birth products (placenta, birth fluids), but may also be shed by Vaginal Mucus, milk, and faeces, urine and semen. However, the informative value of these types of samples to identify shedders under field conditions is unknown. Our aim was then to describe the responses obtained using a real-time PCR technique applied to milk, Vaginal Mucus and faeces samples taken from 242 dairy cows in commercial dairy herds known to be naturally infected with Coxiella burnetii, and to assess their putative associations. Positive results were found in all types of tested samples even in faeces. No predominant shedding route was identified. Among the shedder cows, 65.4% were detected as shedders by only one route. By contrast, cows with positive results for all three samples were scarce (less than 7%). Testing a cow based on only one type of biological sample may lead to misclassify it with regards to its shedding of Coxiella burnetii and thereby underestimate the risk of bacterial spread within a herd.