The Experts below are selected from a list of 12531 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Patricia Price - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Radionuclide imaging of perfusion and hypoxia.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2010Co-Authors: George Laking, Patricia PriceAbstract:Purpose We present a review of radionuclide imaging of tumour Vascular Physiology as it relates to angiogenesis. We focus on clinical trials in human subjects using PET and SPECT to evaluate tumour Physiology, in particular blood flow and hypoxia.
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Molecular Imaging with PET to Measure Tumor Vascular Physiology in vivo in Man
Clinical Cancer Research, 2007Co-Authors: Patricia PriceAbstract:PL06-02 Over the last 5 - 10 years the non invasive imaging of molecular interactions in man has become possible. In the emerging post genomic era molecular imaging provides an important tool for translating basic research into knowledge of the phenotype in vivo function and Physiology. Molecular imaging can now move towards measuring gene expression in vivo, as well as DNA, RNA and protein interactions, mechanisms of action of drugs and tumour and normal tissue Physiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the most sensitive and specific technology for in vivo molecular imaging in man. Tumour Vascular Physiology is a dynamic process and can be effectively studied in real time in man using PET. In this way we are now able to address essential mechanistic questions about in vivo tumour vasculature and response to anticancer therapy in man. Tumour vasculature is now an important target for therapy with several novel agents. Addressing the many mechanistic questions that have arisen with vasculature-targeted therapy would enable us to rationally exploit and improve cancer therapy. Changes in tumour Vascular Physiology are difficult to study in the patient. Molecular imaging with PET is ideally suited to tackle this, providing in vivo physiological measurements simultaneously in tumour and normal tissue. Oxygen 15 labelled water can be used to measure blood flow (with absolute quantitation in ml/mg/min) and volume of distribution (percentage of a tumour that is perfused). Angiogenesis itself can be explored using probes to the VEGF and other systems. PET studies have shown that Vascular parameters are important in anticancer drug delivery. Higher tumour blood flow is associated with improved tumour exposure for both lipophilic and non-lipophilic drugs. The relationship between changes in tumour volume and tumour Physiology in response to antiproliferative therapy has been shown to be complex. PET has been used to confirm the mechanism of action of Vascular disruptive as well as antiangiogenic drugs in early clinical trials. Clinical trials indicate that certain antiangiogenic drugs increase chemosensitization. PET would allow the investigation of the mechanism of such sensitization in vivo in man, by assessing normalization of the tumour vasculature or augmenting the antiVascular effects of chemotherapy via inhibition of the possible reVascularisative stimulatory effect of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. This presentation will examine the relative merits of this technology, examples of its use and discuss the possibilities and potential for the future.
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Imaging Vascular Physiology to monitor cancer treatment.
Critical reviews in oncology hematology, 2006Co-Authors: George Laking, Catharine M L West, David L. Buckley, Julian C. Matthews, Patricia PriceAbstract:The primary physiological function of the vasculature is to support perfusion, the nutritive flow of blood through the tissues. Vascular Physiology can be studied non-invasively in human subjects using imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and Doppler ultrasound (DU). We describe the physiological rationale for imaging Vascular Physiology with these methods. We review the published data on repeatability. We review the literature on 'before-and-after' studies using these methods to monitor response to treatment in human subjects, in five broad clinical settings: (1) antiangiogenic agents, (2) Vascular disruptive agents, (3) conventional cytotoxic drugs, (4) radiation treatment, and (5) agents affecting drug delivery. We argue that imaging of Vascular Physiology offers an attractive 'functional endpoint' for clinical trials of anticancer treatment. More conventional measures of tumour response, such as size criteria and the uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose, may be insensitive to therapeutically important changes in Vascular function.
Michael S. Wolin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolism and Redox in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and PathoPhysiology.
Antioxidants & redox signaling, 2018Co-Authors: Norah Alruwaili, Sharath Kandhi, Dong Sun, Michael S. WolinAbstract:Abstract Significance: This review considers how some systems controlling pulmonary Vascular function are potentially regulated by redox processes to examine how and why conditions such as prolonge...
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Redox Mechanisms Influencing cGMP Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and PathoPhysiology.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2017Co-Authors: Dhara Patel, Anand Lakhkar, Michael S. WolinAbstract:The soluble form of guanylate cyclase (sGC) and cGMP signaling are major regulators of pulmonary vasodilation and Vascular remodeling that protect the pulmonary circulation from hypertension development. Nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, thiol and heme redox, and heme biosynthesis control mechanisms regulating the production of cGMP by sGC. In addition, a cGMP-independent mechanism regulates protein kinase G through thiol oxidation in manner controlled by peroxide metabolism and NADPH redox. Multiple aspects of these regulatory processes contribute to physiological and pathophysiological regulation of the pulmonary circulation, and create potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary Vascular disease.
Robert Soufer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Psychological Stress on Vascular Physiology: Beyond the Current Imaging Signal
Current Cardiology Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Samit M. Shah, Judith L. Meadows, Matthew M. Burg, Steven Pfau, Robert SouferAbstract:Purpose of Review This review describes the effects of psychological stress on the Physiology of the entire Vascular system, from individual cellular components to macroVascular and microVascular responses, and highlights the importance of the Vascular system in the context of current limitations in cardiac imaging for evaluation of the cardioVascular response to mental stress. Recent Findings The physiological responses that mediate Vascular changes are based on evolutionary needs, but there is increasing evidence that the long-term consequences of psychological stress can precipitate the development and progression of cardioVascular disease (CVD). While there is an extensive body of literature describing localized physiological responses or overt cardioVascular manifestations, often framed within the organ-specific scope of cardioVascular imaging, there has not been a comprehensive description of the global Vascular effects of psychological stress. Given the global nature of these processes, targeted cardioVascular imaging modalities may be insufficient. Here we approach the Vascular response to mental stress systematically, describing the effects on the endothelium, Vascular smooth muscle, and adventitia. We then address the mental stress effects on large vessels and the microVascular compartment, with a discussion of the role of microVascular resistance in the pathoPhysiology of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia. Summary Vascular responses to psychological stress involve complex physiological processes that are not fully characterized by routine cardioVascular imaging assessments. Future research incorporating standardized psychological assessments targeted toward Vascular mechanisms of stress responses is required to guide the development of behavioral and therapeutic interventions.
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effects of psychological stress on Vascular Physiology beyond the current imaging signal
Current Cardiology Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Samit Shah, Judith L. Meadows, Matthew M. Burg, Steven Pfau, Robert SouferAbstract:This review describes the effects of psychological stress on the Physiology of the entire Vascular system, from individual cellular components to macroVascular and microVascular responses, and highlights the importance of the Vascular system in the context of current limitations in cardiac imaging for evaluation of the cardioVascular response to mental stress. The physiological responses that mediate Vascular changes are based on evolutionary needs, but there is increasing evidence that the long-term consequences of psychological stress can precipitate the development and progression of cardioVascular disease (CVD). While there is an extensive body of literature describing localized physiological responses or overt cardioVascular manifestations, often framed within the organ-specific scope of cardioVascular imaging, there has not been a comprehensive description of the global Vascular effects of psychological stress. Given the global nature of these processes, targeted cardioVascular imaging modalities may be insufficient. Here we approach the Vascular response to mental stress systematically, describing the effects on the endothelium, Vascular smooth muscle, and adventitia. We then address the mental stress effects on large vessels and the microVascular compartment, with a discussion of the role of microVascular resistance in the pathoPhysiology of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia. Vascular responses to psychological stress involve complex physiological processes that are not fully characterized by routine cardioVascular imaging assessments. Future research incorporating standardized psychological assessments targeted toward Vascular mechanisms of stress responses is required to guide the development of behavioral and therapeutic interventions.
John M. Tarbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the glycocalyx and its role in Vascular Physiology and Vascular related diseases
Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2021Co-Authors: Sheldon Weinbaum, Limary M. Cancel, John M. TarbellAbstract:In 2007 the two senior authors wrote a review on the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (Weinbaum in Annu Rev Biomed Eng 9:121–167, 2007). Since then there has been an explosion of interest in this hydrated gel-like structure that coats the luminal surface of endothelial cells that line our vasculature due to its important functions in (A) basic Vascular Physiology and (B) Vascular related diseases. This review will highlight the major advances that have occurred since our 2007 paper. A literature search mainly focusing on the role of the glycocalyx in the two major areas described above was performed using electronic databases. In part (A) of this review, the new formulation of the century old Starling principle, now referred to as the Michel–Weinbaum glycoclayx model or revised Starling hypothesis, is described including new subtleties and physiological ramifications. New insights into mechanotransduction and release of nitric oxide due to fluid shear stress sensed by the glycocalyx are elaborated. Major advances in understanding the organization and function of glycocalyx components, and new techniques for measuring both its thickness and spatio-chemical organization based on super resolution, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) are presented. As discussed in part (B) of this review, it is now recognized that artery wall stiffness associated with hypertension and aging induces glycocalyx degradation, endothelial dysfunction and Vascular disease. In addition to atherosclerosis and cardioVascular diseases, the glycocalyx plays an important role in lifestyle related diseases (e.g., diabetes) and cancer. Infectious diseases including sepsis, Dengue, Zika and Corona viruses, and malaria also involve the glycocalyx. Because of increasing recognition of the role of the glycocalyx in a wide range of diseases, there has been a vigorous search for methods to protect the glycocalyx from degradation or to enhance its synthesis in disease environments. As we have seen in this review, many important developments in our basic understanding of GCX structure, function and role in diseases have been described since the 2007 paper. The future is wide open for continued GCX research.
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The Glycocalyx and Its Role in Vascular Physiology and Vascular Related Diseases
Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Sheldon Weinbaum, Limary M. Cancel, Bingmei M. Fu, John M. TarbellAbstract:Purpose In 2007 the two senior authors wrote a review on the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (Weinbaum in Annu Rev Biomed Eng 9:121–167, 2007). Since then there has been an explosion of interest in this hydrated gel-like structure that coats the luminal surface of endothelial cells that line our vasculature due to its important functions in (A) basic Vascular Physiology and (B) Vascular related diseases. This review will highlight the major advances that have occurred since our 2007 paper. Methods A literature search mainly focusing on the role of the glycocalyx in the two major areas described above was performed using electronic databases. Results In part (A) of this review, the new formulation of the century old Starling principle, now referred to as the Michel–Weinbaum glycoclayx model or revised Starling hypothesis, is described including new subtleties and physiological ramifications. New insights into mechanotransduction and release of nitric oxide due to fluid shear stress sensed by the glycocalyx are elaborated. Major advances in understanding the organization and function of glycocalyx components, and new techniques for measuring both its thickness and spatio-chemical organization based on super resolution, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) are presented. As discussed in part (B) of this review, it is now recognized that artery wall stiffness associated with hypertension and aging induces glycocalyx degradation, endothelial dysfunction and Vascular disease. In addition to atherosclerosis and cardioVascular diseases, the glycocalyx plays an important role in lifestyle related diseases (e.g., diabetes) and cancer. Infectious diseases including sepsis, Dengue, Zika and Corona viruses, and malaria also involve the glycocalyx. Because of increasing recognition of the role of the glycocalyx in a wide range of diseases, there has been a vigorous search for methods to protect the glycocalyx from degradation or to enhance its synthesis in disease environments. Conclusion As we have seen in this review, many important developments in our basic understanding of GCX structure, function and role in diseases have been described since the 2007 paper. The future is wide open for continued GCX research.
George Laking - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Radionuclide imaging of perfusion and hypoxia
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2010Co-Authors: George Laking, Pat PriceAbstract:Purpose We present a review of radionuclide imaging of tumour Vascular Physiology as it relates to angiogenesis. We focus on clinical trials in human subjects using PET and SPECT to evaluate tumour Physiology, in particular blood flow and hypoxia. Methods A systematic review of literature based on MEDLINE searches updated in February 2010 was performed. Results Twenty-nine studies were identified for review: 14 dealt with ^15O-water PET perfusion imaging, while 8 dealt with ^18F-fluoromisonidazole PET hypoxia imaging. Five used SPECT methods. The studies varied widely in technical quality and reporting of methods. Conclusions A subset of radionuclide methods offers accurate quantitative scientific observations on tumour Vascular Physiology of relevance to angiogenesis and its treatment. The relationship between cellular processes of angiogenesis and changing physiological function remains poorly defined. The promise of quantitative functional imaging at high specificity and low administered dose sustains interest in radionuclide methods.
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Radionuclide imaging of perfusion and hypoxia.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2010Co-Authors: George Laking, Patricia PriceAbstract:Purpose We present a review of radionuclide imaging of tumour Vascular Physiology as it relates to angiogenesis. We focus on clinical trials in human subjects using PET and SPECT to evaluate tumour Physiology, in particular blood flow and hypoxia.
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Imaging Vascular Physiology to monitor cancer treatment.
Critical reviews in oncology hematology, 2006Co-Authors: George Laking, Catharine M L West, David L. Buckley, Julian C. Matthews, Patricia PriceAbstract:The primary physiological function of the vasculature is to support perfusion, the nutritive flow of blood through the tissues. Vascular Physiology can be studied non-invasively in human subjects using imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and Doppler ultrasound (DU). We describe the physiological rationale for imaging Vascular Physiology with these methods. We review the published data on repeatability. We review the literature on 'before-and-after' studies using these methods to monitor response to treatment in human subjects, in five broad clinical settings: (1) antiangiogenic agents, (2) Vascular disruptive agents, (3) conventional cytotoxic drugs, (4) radiation treatment, and (5) agents affecting drug delivery. We argue that imaging of Vascular Physiology offers an attractive 'functional endpoint' for clinical trials of anticancer treatment. More conventional measures of tumour response, such as size criteria and the uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose, may be insensitive to therapeutically important changes in Vascular function.
