Veratrum Album

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Masayuki Maki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pattern of population genetic structure revealed by nuclear simple sequence repeat markers in the understory perennial Veratrum Album ssp oxysepalum melanthiaceae with a disjunct pattern of chloroplast dna haplotypes
    Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ryo Kikuchi, Jaehong Pak, Hirosho Takahashi, Masayuki Maki
    Abstract:

    Compared to tree species, there still remains a very limited number of phylogeographical studies on temperate forest perennials. In the present study, we used nuclear microsatellite markers to detect extant patterns of population genetic structure of the perennial plant Veratrum Album ssp. oxysepalum in the understory of temperate forests, aiming to provide insights into the post-glacial history of the species and the reasons for the disjunct distribution of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes found in a previous study. We examined eight polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci to examine genetic variation within and among 32 populations of V. Album ssp. oxysepalum and seven populations of Veratrum stamineum. The population of V. Album ssp. oxysepalum was split into two groups: those in the northern part of the Japanese Archipelago and all others. In addition, each population group was split into two subgroups. Only one population of V. stamineum included a substantial number of individuals categorized as V. Album ssp. oxysepalum. The population genetic structure revealed by nuclear microsatellites suggests that V. Album ssp. oxysepalum migrated from Eurasia into the Japanese Archipelago at least twice before the last glacial era through two different land bridges: the Korean Peninsula and Sakhalin. In addition, there appeared to be at least two refugia of V. Album ssp. oxysepalum in each of the areas, dominated by the two different lineages from Eurasia during the last glacial era. The disjunct geographical pattern found in cpDNA variation in a previous study was blurred in the genetic structure as revealed by microsatellite markers, probably as a result of extensive gene flow via pollen. Currently, one-directional introgressive hybridization occurs from V. Album ssp. oxysepalum to V. stamineum at only one locality; there is no evidence of the opposite pattern. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 278–293.

  • Disjunct distribution of chloroplast DNA haplotypes in the understory perennial Veratrum Album ssp. oxysepalum (Melanthiaceae) in Japan as a result of ancient introgression
    The New phytologist, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ryo Kikuchi, Pak Jae‐hong, Hiroshi Takahashi, Masayuki Maki
    Abstract:

    Summary •The Quaternary climatic changes resulted in range shifts of species, providing chances for hybridization. However, the genetic signatures of such ancient introgression have rarely been reported. To investigate such signatures, we performed a phylogeographical study on the perennial plant Veratrum Album ssp. oxysepalum, which may have hybridized long ago with another congeneric species, V. stamineum. •Sequence variations in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) were examined in 43 populations in Japan and adjacent areas. Phylogenetic analyses of different cpDNA haplotypes were conducted on the basis of cpDNA and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) variations. •In the Japanese archipelago, two major groups of haplotypes were detected, one of which was distributed in a disjunct pattern. The major haplotype, occupying the central part of the species’ distribution, formed a monophyletic group with V. stamineum in phylogenetic trees on the basis of cpDNA variation, although the two species did not form a monophyletic group in phylogenetic trees on the basis of nrITS variation. •Historical hybridization between V. Album ssp. oxysepalum and V. stamineum in refugia during the Quaternary climatic oscillations, and the resulting chloroplast capture of V. stamineum by V. Album ssp. oxysepalum, are most probably responsible for the disjunct distribution of cpDNA in V. Album ssp. oxysepalum.

Miran Brvar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • accidental poisoning with Veratrum Album mistaken for wild garlic allium ursinum
    Clinical Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Irene Gilotta, Miran Brvar
    Abstract:

    Introduction. Veratrum Album (white or false hellebore) is a poisonous plant containing steroidal alkaloids that cause nausea, vomiting, headache, visual disturbances, paresthesia, dizziness, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, hypotension, and syncope. It is regularly mistaken for Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian). We report accidental poisoning with V. Album mistaken for Allium ursinum (wild garlic), a wild plant used in soups and salads in Central Europe. Case series. Four adults (24–45 years) accidentally ingested V. Album mistaken for A. ursinum in self-prepared salads and soups. Within 15–30 min of ingestion they developed nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. At the same time dizziness, tingling, dimmed and jumping vision, transient blindness, and confusion appeared. On arrival at the ED, all patients had sinus bradycardia and hypotension. Following treatment the patients were discharged well 24–48 h after ingestion. Conclusion. In patients presenting with gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiov...

  • accidental poisoning with Veratrum Album mistaken for wild garlic allium ursinum
    Clinical Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Irene Gilotta, Miran Brvar
    Abstract:

    Introduction. Veratrum Album (white or false hellebore) is a poisonous plant containing steroidal alkaloids that cause nausea, vomiting, headache, visual disturbances, paresthesia, dizziness, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, hypotension, and syncope. It is regularly mistaken for Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian). We report accidental poisoning with V. Album mistaken for Allium ursinum (wild garlic), a wild plant used in soups and salads in Central Europe. Case series. Four adults (24–45 years) accidentally ingested V. Album mistaken for A. ursinum in self-prepared salads and soups. Within 15–30 min of ingestion they developed nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. At the same time dizziness, tingling, dimmed and jumping vision, transient blindness, and confusion appeared. On arrival at the ED, all patients had sinus bradycardia and hypotension. Following treatment the patients were discharged well 24–48 h after ingestion. Conclusion. In patients presenting with gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiov...

Ryo Kikuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pattern of population genetic structure revealed by nuclear simple sequence repeat markers in the understory perennial Veratrum Album ssp oxysepalum melanthiaceae with a disjunct pattern of chloroplast dna haplotypes
    Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ryo Kikuchi, Jaehong Pak, Hirosho Takahashi, Masayuki Maki
    Abstract:

    Compared to tree species, there still remains a very limited number of phylogeographical studies on temperate forest perennials. In the present study, we used nuclear microsatellite markers to detect extant patterns of population genetic structure of the perennial plant Veratrum Album ssp. oxysepalum in the understory of temperate forests, aiming to provide insights into the post-glacial history of the species and the reasons for the disjunct distribution of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes found in a previous study. We examined eight polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci to examine genetic variation within and among 32 populations of V. Album ssp. oxysepalum and seven populations of Veratrum stamineum. The population of V. Album ssp. oxysepalum was split into two groups: those in the northern part of the Japanese Archipelago and all others. In addition, each population group was split into two subgroups. Only one population of V. stamineum included a substantial number of individuals categorized as V. Album ssp. oxysepalum. The population genetic structure revealed by nuclear microsatellites suggests that V. Album ssp. oxysepalum migrated from Eurasia into the Japanese Archipelago at least twice before the last glacial era through two different land bridges: the Korean Peninsula and Sakhalin. In addition, there appeared to be at least two refugia of V. Album ssp. oxysepalum in each of the areas, dominated by the two different lineages from Eurasia during the last glacial era. The disjunct geographical pattern found in cpDNA variation in a previous study was blurred in the genetic structure as revealed by microsatellite markers, probably as a result of extensive gene flow via pollen. Currently, one-directional introgressive hybridization occurs from V. Album ssp. oxysepalum to V. stamineum at only one locality; there is no evidence of the opposite pattern. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 108, 278–293.

  • Disjunct distribution of chloroplast DNA haplotypes in the understory perennial Veratrum Album ssp. oxysepalum (Melanthiaceae) in Japan as a result of ancient introgression
    The New phytologist, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ryo Kikuchi, Pak Jae‐hong, Hiroshi Takahashi, Masayuki Maki
    Abstract:

    Summary •The Quaternary climatic changes resulted in range shifts of species, providing chances for hybridization. However, the genetic signatures of such ancient introgression have rarely been reported. To investigate such signatures, we performed a phylogeographical study on the perennial plant Veratrum Album ssp. oxysepalum, which may have hybridized long ago with another congeneric species, V. stamineum. •Sequence variations in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) were examined in 43 populations in Japan and adjacent areas. Phylogenetic analyses of different cpDNA haplotypes were conducted on the basis of cpDNA and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) variations. •In the Japanese archipelago, two major groups of haplotypes were detected, one of which was distributed in a disjunct pattern. The major haplotype, occupying the central part of the species’ distribution, formed a monophyletic group with V. stamineum in phylogenetic trees on the basis of cpDNA variation, although the two species did not form a monophyletic group in phylogenetic trees on the basis of nrITS variation. •Historical hybridization between V. Album ssp. oxysepalum and V. stamineum in refugia during the Quaternary climatic oscillations, and the resulting chloroplast capture of V. stamineum by V. Album ssp. oxysepalum, are most probably responsible for the disjunct distribution of cpDNA in V. Album ssp. oxysepalum.

Masashi Ohara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Breeding system and floral visitors of Veratrum Album subsp. oxysepalum (Melanthiaceae).
    Plant Species Biology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Yuuki Kato, Kiwako S. Araki, Masashi Ohara
    Abstract:

    Veratrum Album subsp. oxysepalum is an andromonoecious perennial woodland herb. In the present study, to clarify the essential life-history characteristics of this species, sexual reproduction was examined and breeding experiments were carried out along with observations of floral visitors in the field. The results of the breeding experiments showed that this species has a high level of self-incompatibility. As various Coleoptera and Diptera visited the flowers, the seed production of V. Album subsp. oxysepalum possibly depends on outcrossing pollination by insects.

  • development of microsatellite markers in a large perennial herb Veratrum Album ssp oxysepalum
    Molecular Ecology Resources, 2008
    Co-Authors: Y Kato, Kiwako S. Araki, Shosei Kubota, Masashi Ohara
    Abstract:

    We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite [simple sequence repeat (SSR)] loci from genomic DNA of Veratrum Album ssp. oxysepalum using a dual-suppression polymerase chain reaction technique and an improved method. These markers, with four to 17 alleles per locus, identified 47 genotypes in 48 samples collected from a population in Hokkaido, Japan. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.042 to 0.938 and from 0.448 to 0.909, respectively. These SSR markers will be available to identify genets and evaluate genetic diversity of V. Album ssp. oxysepalum.

Irene Gilotta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • accidental poisoning with Veratrum Album mistaken for wild garlic allium ursinum
    Clinical Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Irene Gilotta, Miran Brvar
    Abstract:

    Introduction. Veratrum Album (white or false hellebore) is a poisonous plant containing steroidal alkaloids that cause nausea, vomiting, headache, visual disturbances, paresthesia, dizziness, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, hypotension, and syncope. It is regularly mistaken for Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian). We report accidental poisoning with V. Album mistaken for Allium ursinum (wild garlic), a wild plant used in soups and salads in Central Europe. Case series. Four adults (24–45 years) accidentally ingested V. Album mistaken for A. ursinum in self-prepared salads and soups. Within 15–30 min of ingestion they developed nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. At the same time dizziness, tingling, dimmed and jumping vision, transient blindness, and confusion appeared. On arrival at the ED, all patients had sinus bradycardia and hypotension. Following treatment the patients were discharged well 24–48 h after ingestion. Conclusion. In patients presenting with gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiov...

  • accidental poisoning with Veratrum Album mistaken for wild garlic allium ursinum
    Clinical Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Irene Gilotta, Miran Brvar
    Abstract:

    Introduction. Veratrum Album (white or false hellebore) is a poisonous plant containing steroidal alkaloids that cause nausea, vomiting, headache, visual disturbances, paresthesia, dizziness, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, hypotension, and syncope. It is regularly mistaken for Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian). We report accidental poisoning with V. Album mistaken for Allium ursinum (wild garlic), a wild plant used in soups and salads in Central Europe. Case series. Four adults (24–45 years) accidentally ingested V. Album mistaken for A. ursinum in self-prepared salads and soups. Within 15–30 min of ingestion they developed nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. At the same time dizziness, tingling, dimmed and jumping vision, transient blindness, and confusion appeared. On arrival at the ED, all patients had sinus bradycardia and hypotension. Following treatment the patients were discharged well 24–48 h after ingestion. Conclusion. In patients presenting with gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiov...

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