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Alvin W Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of Human Junctional Adhesion Molecule 1 as a Functional Receptor for the Hom-1 Calicivirus on Human Cells
Mbio, 2017Co-Authors: Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Alvin W Smith, Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Gabriel I Parra, Ronald W. Jones, Jo Soden, Donna Barnes, Jim Freeth, Kim Y. GreenAbstract:: The Hom-1 Vesivirus was reported in 1998 following the inadvertent transmission of the animal calicivirus San Miguel sea lion virus to a human host in a laboratory. We characterized the Hom-1 strain and investigated the mechanism by which human cells could be infected. An expression library of 3,559 human plasma membrane proteins was screened for reactivity with Hom-1 virus-like particles, and a single interacting protein, human junctional adhesion molecule 1 (hJAM1), was identified. Transient expression of hJAM1 conferred susceptibility to Hom-1 infection on nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Virus infection was markedly inhibited when CHO cells stably expressing hJAM were pretreated with anti-hJAM1 monoclonal antibodies. Cell lines of human origin were tested for growth of Hom-1, and efficient replication was observed in HepG2, HuH7, and SK-CO15 cells. The three cell lines (of hepatic or intestinal origin) were confirmed to express hJAM1 on their surface, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated knockout of the hJAM1 gene in each line abolished Hom-1 propagation. Taken together, our data indicate that entry of the Hom-1 Vesivirus into these permissive human cell lines is mediated by the plasma membrane protein hJAM1 as a functional receptor.IMPORTANCE Vesiviruses, such as San Miguel sea lion virus and feline calicivirus, are typically associated with infection in animal hosts. Following the accidental infection of a laboratory worker with San Miguel sea lion virus, a related virus was isolated in cell culture and named Hom-1. In this study, we found that Hom-1 could be propagated in a number of human cell lines, making it the first calicivirus to replicate efficiently in cultured human cells. Screening of a library of human cell surface membrane proteins showed that the virus could utilize human junctional adhesion molecule 1 as a receptor to enter cells and initiate replication. The Hom-1 virus presents a new system for the study of calicivirus biology and species specificity.
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elevated post transfusion serum transaminase values associated with a highly significant trend for increasing prevalence of anti Vesivirus antibody in korean patients
Journal of Medical Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Jeong Soo Park, Alvin W Smith, Gwangpyo KoAbstract:A highly significant increase in anti-Vesivirus (family Caliciviridae) antibody prevalence, along the axis from healthy blood donors; donors with elevated transaminase; patients with clinical hepatitis; and patients with post-transfusion/dialysis hepatitis, has been reported in human sera from the USA and Europe. Asian samples have now been tested retrospectively using serology and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with a Vesivirus partial-capsid antigen expressed as a fusion protein. Anti-vesiviral antibodies were measured by optical densities (OD650) and compared in patients separated by age, gender and Groups A–F as follows: Control Group A, an Experimental Group B, which was divided further into Group C, patients with elevated enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT); Group D, patients receiving transfused blood; Group E, patients with high enzyme levels after transfusion; and Group F, hepatitis B and C positive patients. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, a significantly greater proportion of patients receiving transfusion(s), were positive for anti-Vesivirus antibody compared with non-transfused patients (P = 0.008; OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.43–10.43). Also, anti-Vesivirus antibody was significantly associated with elevated biochemical liver function tests: ALT ≥120 IU or AST ≥ 120 IU (P = 0.017; OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 1.30–13.80). In the blood transfusion group, anti-Vesivirus antibody was significantly correlated with high enzyme levels (ALT, P = 0.018; AST, P = 0.010; γ-GT, P = 0.020). These data provide serologic evidence of vesiviral transfusion–transmission-associated disease, which could include infection of any organ system where cytopathology resulted in high levels of either ALT or AST. J. Med. Virol. 84:1943–1952, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1)
Virology Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Alvin W Smith, Kim Y. Green, Gabriel I Parra, Stanislav V. SosnovtsevAbstract:Background Vesiviruses in the family Caliciviridae infect a broad range of animal hosts including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. The Vesivirus Cro1 strains were isolated from diseased snakes in the San Diego zoo in 1978 and reported as the first caliciviruses found in reptiles. The goal of this study was to characterize the Cro1 strain 780032I that was isolated in cell culture from a rock rattlesnake ( Crotalus lepidus) in the original outbreak. Results We re-amplified the original virus stock in Vero cells, and determined its full-length genome sequence. The Cro1 genome is 8296 nucleotides (nt) in length and has a typical Vesivirus organization, with three open reading frames (ORF), ORF1 (5643 nt), ORF2 (2121 nt), and ORF3 (348 nt) encoding a nonstructural polyprotein, the major capsid protein precursor, and a minor structural protein, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome sequence revealed that the Cro1 virus clustered most closely with the VESV species of the genus Vesivirus , but was genetically distinct (82-83% identities with closest strains). Conclusions This is the first description of a full-length genome sequence from a reptile calicivirus (Cro1). The availability of the Cro1 genome sequence should facilitate investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in Cro1 virus evolution and host range.
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Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1)
Virology Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Alvin W Smith, Kim Y. Green, Gabriel I Parra, Stanislav V. SosnovtsevAbstract:Background Vesiviruses in the family Caliciviridae infect a broad range of animal hosts including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. The Vesivirus Cro1 strains were isolated from diseased snakes in the San Diego zoo in 1978 and reported as the first caliciviruses found in reptiles. The goal of this study was to characterize the Cro1 strain 780032I that was isolated in cell culture from a rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus) in the original outbreak.
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Expression and self-assembly of virus-like particles from two genotypes of marine Vesiviruses and development of an ELISA for the detection of antibodies.
Veterinary microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Shasta D. Mcclenahan, Alvin W Smith, John D. Neill, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Kim Y. Green, Kathy A Burek, Kimberlee B Beckmen, Carlos H. RomeroAbstract:Sequences encoding the major and minor capsid proteins (VP1 and VP2) from two marine Vesivirus isolates (Steller sea lion viruses V810 and V1415) were engineered for expression of virus-like particles (VLPs) in the baculovirus system. The resulting VLPs were morphologically similar to native Vesivirus virions. Purified VLPs were probed in immunoblots with pooled antisera specific for nine San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) types, and a predominant protein of approximately 60kDa was detected. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies was developed in which the VLPs served as antigen. The VLPs were adsorbed to the wells of a microplate, and the specificity of the ELISA was established with hyperimmune sera raised against 24 serotypes of the genus Vesivirus. The ELISA was used to screen for the presence of Vesivirus specific antibodies in the sera of free-ranging Steller sea lions. The ELISA results demonstrated that Steller sea lions that inhabit the Pacific Ocean waters of southeast Alaska are widely exposed to antigenically related marine Vesiviruses, while no previous exposure could be demonstrated using VLP antigens in 17 Steller sea lions from the Aleutian Islands. The broad reactivity of these VLPs and their non-infectious nature will facilitate global sero-epidemiological studies aimed at determining the incidence and prevalence of marine Vesiviruses in mammals that inhabit the Pacific and Atlantic oceans as well as susceptible terrestrial animals.
David O Matson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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calicivirus genus Vesivirus associated with post transfusional hepatitis
2007Co-Authors: Alvin W Smith, Patrick L Iversen, Douglas E Skilling, Andreas Kurth, Chet C Smith, David O MatsonAbstract:This is the abstract and PowerPoint slides for a presentation made at the 26th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Virology held at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon from July 14 - 18, 2007.
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Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans
Journal of Medical Virology, 2006Co-Authors: Alvin W Smith, Patrick L Iversen, Douglas E Skilling, David A Stein, David O MatsonAbstract:Pathogenic caliciviruses of the genus Vesivirus circulate in oceanic ecosystems and spread to and among terrestrial mammals. Isolation of Vesivirus from natural and laboratory infections in humans led to this investigation of Vesivirus seroprevalence and viremia. Sera from four groups were tested for antibodies to Vesivirus as follows: blood donors whose units were cleared for donation, blood donors whose units were not accepted for donation solely because of elevated blood liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown but suspected infectious cause, and patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown cause but associated with blood transfusion or dialysis. Additionally, sera were tested for Vesivirus genome by three methods: dot-blot and two reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The calculated seroprevalence against Vesivirus virions within these groups (N = 765) was 12%, 21%, 29%, and 47%, respectively (P < 0.001 for group differences). Additionally, 11 (9.8%) of 112 sera tested yielded RT-PCR amplicons that by nucleotide sequence were distinct from each other and related to known Vesivirus. These data indicate that some blood donors in the population tested have serologic evidence of previous Vesivirus infection and some also have Vesivirus viremia. These results justify further investigation of an association between Vesivirus infection and illness in humans. J. Med. Virol. 78:693–701, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans.
Journal of Medical Virology, 2006Co-Authors: Alvin W Smith, Patrick L Iversen, Douglas E Skilling, David A Stein, David O MatsonAbstract:Pathogenic caliciviruses of the genus Vesivirus circulate in oceanic ecosystems and spread to and among terrestrial mammals. Isolation of Vesivirus from natural and laboratory infections in humans led to this investigation of Vesivirus seroprevalence and viremia. Sera from four groups were tested for antibodies to Vesivirus as follows: blood donors whose units were cleared for donation, blood donors whose units were not accepted for donation solely because of elevated blood liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown but suspected infectious cause, and patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown cause but associated with blood transfusion or dialysis. Additionally, sera were tested for Vesivirus genome by three methods: dot-blot and two reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The calculated seroprevalence against Vesivirus virions within these groups (N = 765) was 12%, 21%, 29%, and 47%, respectively (P
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prevalence of Vesivirus in a laboratory based set of serum samples obtained from dairy and beef cattle
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2006Co-Authors: Andreas Kurth, David O Matson, Douglas E Skilling, James F Evermann, Alvin W SmithAbstract:Objective—To examine sera obtained from dairy and beef cattle to detect antibodies against Vesivirus and compare seroprevalence among cattle within the sample population. Sample Population—Cattle sera from 8 western states and Maryland submitted to the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory during 1999 and 2000. Procedure—Sera were analyzed for Vesivirus-specific antibodies by use of a recombinant Vesivirus–San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 5–capsid peptide antigen in an indirect ELISA. Results—Overall, 693 sera were tested and 105 (15.2%) had positive results. Seropositive cattle were from 7 states (all cattle from Montana and Maryland 10 and 4, respectively were seronegative). Overall seroprevalence for antiVesivirus antibody in herds ranged between 0% and 80% (median, 14%). Higher antibody prevalence was significantly associated with older age, dairy rather than beef cattle, and reasons for submission. Logistic regression of factors (abortion, respiratory tract disease, and all other reasons ...
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isolation and characterization of a new Vesivirus from rabbits
Virology, 2005Co-Authors: Jose M Martinalonso, Alvin W Smith, Patrick L Iversen, Douglas E Skilling, David O Matson, Lorenzo Gonzalezmolleda, Gloria Del Barrio, Angeles Machin, Nathan K Keefer, Francisco ParraAbstract:This report describes the isolation, cDNA cloning, complete genome nucleotide sequence, and partial characterization of a new cultivable calicivirus isolated from juvenile feeder European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) showing symptoms of diarrhea. Absence of neutralization by type-specific neutralizing antibodies for 40 caliciviruses and phylogenetic sequence comparisons of the open reading frame 1-encoded polyprotein with those of other caliciviruses demonstrate that this new calicivirus is a putative novel member of the Vesivirus genus which is closely related to the marine calicivirus subgroup. According to its putative classification, this new virus has been named rabbit Vesivirus.
Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of Human Junctional Adhesion Molecule 1 as a Functional Receptor for the Hom-1 Calicivirus on Human Cells
Mbio, 2017Co-Authors: Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Alvin W Smith, Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Gabriel I Parra, Ronald W. Jones, Jo Soden, Donna Barnes, Jim Freeth, Kim Y. GreenAbstract:: The Hom-1 Vesivirus was reported in 1998 following the inadvertent transmission of the animal calicivirus San Miguel sea lion virus to a human host in a laboratory. We characterized the Hom-1 strain and investigated the mechanism by which human cells could be infected. An expression library of 3,559 human plasma membrane proteins was screened for reactivity with Hom-1 virus-like particles, and a single interacting protein, human junctional adhesion molecule 1 (hJAM1), was identified. Transient expression of hJAM1 conferred susceptibility to Hom-1 infection on nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Virus infection was markedly inhibited when CHO cells stably expressing hJAM were pretreated with anti-hJAM1 monoclonal antibodies. Cell lines of human origin were tested for growth of Hom-1, and efficient replication was observed in HepG2, HuH7, and SK-CO15 cells. The three cell lines (of hepatic or intestinal origin) were confirmed to express hJAM1 on their surface, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated knockout of the hJAM1 gene in each line abolished Hom-1 propagation. Taken together, our data indicate that entry of the Hom-1 Vesivirus into these permissive human cell lines is mediated by the plasma membrane protein hJAM1 as a functional receptor.IMPORTANCE Vesiviruses, such as San Miguel sea lion virus and feline calicivirus, are typically associated with infection in animal hosts. Following the accidental infection of a laboratory worker with San Miguel sea lion virus, a related virus was isolated in cell culture and named Hom-1. In this study, we found that Hom-1 could be propagated in a number of human cell lines, making it the first calicivirus to replicate efficiently in cultured human cells. Screening of a library of human cell surface membrane proteins showed that the virus could utilize human junctional adhesion molecule 1 as a receptor to enter cells and initiate replication. The Hom-1 virus presents a new system for the study of calicivirus biology and species specificity.
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The Feline Calicivirus Leader of the Capsid Protein Is Associated with Cytopathic Effect
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Eugenio J. Abente, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Gabriel I Parra, Kim Y. GreenAbstract:Open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of the feline calicivirus (FCV) genome encodes a capsid precursor that is posttranslationally processed to release the mature capsid protein (VP1) and a small protein of 124 amino acids, designated the leader of the capsid (LC). To investigate the role of the LC protein in the virus life cycle, mutations and deletions were introduced into the LC coding region of an infectious FCV cDNA clone. Three cysteine residues that are conserved among all Vesivirus LC sequences were found to be critical for the recovery of FCV with a characteristic cytopathic effect in feline kidney cells. A cell-rounding phenotype associated with the transient expression of wild-type and mutagenized forms of the LC correlated with the cytopathic and growth properties of the corresponding engineered viruses. The host cellular protein annexin A2 was identified as a binding partner of the LC protein, consistent with a role for the LC in mediating host cell interactions that alter the integrity of the cell and enable virus spread.
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Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1)
Virology Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Alvin W Smith, Kim Y. Green, Gabriel I Parra, Stanislav V. SosnovtsevAbstract:Background Vesiviruses in the family Caliciviridae infect a broad range of animal hosts including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. The Vesivirus Cro1 strains were isolated from diseased snakes in the San Diego zoo in 1978 and reported as the first caliciviruses found in reptiles. The goal of this study was to characterize the Cro1 strain 780032I that was isolated in cell culture from a rock rattlesnake ( Crotalus lepidus) in the original outbreak. Results We re-amplified the original virus stock in Vero cells, and determined its full-length genome sequence. The Cro1 genome is 8296 nucleotides (nt) in length and has a typical Vesivirus organization, with three open reading frames (ORF), ORF1 (5643 nt), ORF2 (2121 nt), and ORF3 (348 nt) encoding a nonstructural polyprotein, the major capsid protein precursor, and a minor structural protein, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome sequence revealed that the Cro1 virus clustered most closely with the VESV species of the genus Vesivirus , but was genetically distinct (82-83% identities with closest strains). Conclusions This is the first description of a full-length genome sequence from a reptile calicivirus (Cro1). The availability of the Cro1 genome sequence should facilitate investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in Cro1 virus evolution and host range.
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Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1)
Virology Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Alvin W Smith, Kim Y. Green, Gabriel I Parra, Stanislav V. SosnovtsevAbstract:Background Vesiviruses in the family Caliciviridae infect a broad range of animal hosts including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. The Vesivirus Cro1 strains were isolated from diseased snakes in the San Diego zoo in 1978 and reported as the first caliciviruses found in reptiles. The goal of this study was to characterize the Cro1 strain 780032I that was isolated in cell culture from a rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus) in the original outbreak.
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Expression and self-assembly of virus-like particles from two genotypes of marine Vesiviruses and development of an ELISA for the detection of antibodies.
Veterinary microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Shasta D. Mcclenahan, Alvin W Smith, John D. Neill, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Kim Y. Green, Kathy A Burek, Kimberlee B Beckmen, Carlos H. RomeroAbstract:Sequences encoding the major and minor capsid proteins (VP1 and VP2) from two marine Vesivirus isolates (Steller sea lion viruses V810 and V1415) were engineered for expression of virus-like particles (VLPs) in the baculovirus system. The resulting VLPs were morphologically similar to native Vesivirus virions. Purified VLPs were probed in immunoblots with pooled antisera specific for nine San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) types, and a predominant protein of approximately 60kDa was detected. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies was developed in which the VLPs served as antigen. The VLPs were adsorbed to the wells of a microplate, and the specificity of the ELISA was established with hyperimmune sera raised against 24 serotypes of the genus Vesivirus. The ELISA was used to screen for the presence of Vesivirus specific antibodies in the sera of free-ranging Steller sea lions. The ELISA results demonstrated that Steller sea lions that inhabit the Pacific Ocean waters of southeast Alaska are widely exposed to antigenically related marine Vesiviruses, while no previous exposure could be demonstrated using VLP antigens in 17 Steller sea lions from the Aleutian Islands. The broad reactivity of these VLPs and their non-infectious nature will facilitate global sero-epidemiological studies aimed at determining the incidence and prevalence of marine Vesiviruses in mammals that inhabit the Pacific and Atlantic oceans as well as susceptible terrestrial animals.
Kim Y. Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Caliciviridae.
Journal of General Virology, 2019Co-Authors: Jan Vinjé, Harry Vennema, Kim Y. Green, Mary K. Estes, Vito Martella, Nick J Knowles, Pedro J. Esteves, Kazuhiko Katayama, Yvan L’homme, Peter A. WhiteAbstract:The family Caliciviridae includes viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes of 7.4–8.3 kb. The most clinically important representatives are human noroviruses, which are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Virions are non-enveloped with icosahedral symmetry. Members of seven genera infect mammals (Lagovirus, Norovirus, Nebovirus, Recovirus, Sapovirus, Valovirus and Vesivirus), members of two genera infect birds (Bavovirus and Nacovirus), and members of two genera infect fish (Minovirus and Salovirus). This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Caliciviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/caliciviridae.
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Identification of Human Junctional Adhesion Molecule 1 as a Functional Receptor for the Hom-1 Calicivirus on Human Cells
Mbio, 2017Co-Authors: Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Alvin W Smith, Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Gabriel I Parra, Ronald W. Jones, Jo Soden, Donna Barnes, Jim Freeth, Kim Y. GreenAbstract:: The Hom-1 Vesivirus was reported in 1998 following the inadvertent transmission of the animal calicivirus San Miguel sea lion virus to a human host in a laboratory. We characterized the Hom-1 strain and investigated the mechanism by which human cells could be infected. An expression library of 3,559 human plasma membrane proteins was screened for reactivity with Hom-1 virus-like particles, and a single interacting protein, human junctional adhesion molecule 1 (hJAM1), was identified. Transient expression of hJAM1 conferred susceptibility to Hom-1 infection on nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Virus infection was markedly inhibited when CHO cells stably expressing hJAM were pretreated with anti-hJAM1 monoclonal antibodies. Cell lines of human origin were tested for growth of Hom-1, and efficient replication was observed in HepG2, HuH7, and SK-CO15 cells. The three cell lines (of hepatic or intestinal origin) were confirmed to express hJAM1 on their surface, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated knockout of the hJAM1 gene in each line abolished Hom-1 propagation. Taken together, our data indicate that entry of the Hom-1 Vesivirus into these permissive human cell lines is mediated by the plasma membrane protein hJAM1 as a functional receptor.IMPORTANCE Vesiviruses, such as San Miguel sea lion virus and feline calicivirus, are typically associated with infection in animal hosts. Following the accidental infection of a laboratory worker with San Miguel sea lion virus, a related virus was isolated in cell culture and named Hom-1. In this study, we found that Hom-1 could be propagated in a number of human cell lines, making it the first calicivirus to replicate efficiently in cultured human cells. Screening of a library of human cell surface membrane proteins showed that the virus could utilize human junctional adhesion molecule 1 as a receptor to enter cells and initiate replication. The Hom-1 virus presents a new system for the study of calicivirus biology and species specificity.
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The Feline Calicivirus Leader of the Capsid Protein Is Associated with Cytopathic Effect
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Eugenio J. Abente, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Gabriel I Parra, Kim Y. GreenAbstract:Open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of the feline calicivirus (FCV) genome encodes a capsid precursor that is posttranslationally processed to release the mature capsid protein (VP1) and a small protein of 124 amino acids, designated the leader of the capsid (LC). To investigate the role of the LC protein in the virus life cycle, mutations and deletions were introduced into the LC coding region of an infectious FCV cDNA clone. Three cysteine residues that are conserved among all Vesivirus LC sequences were found to be critical for the recovery of FCV with a characteristic cytopathic effect in feline kidney cells. A cell-rounding phenotype associated with the transient expression of wild-type and mutagenized forms of the LC correlated with the cytopathic and growth properties of the corresponding engineered viruses. The host cellular protein annexin A2 was identified as a binding partner of the LC protein, consistent with a role for the LC in mediating host cell interactions that alter the integrity of the cell and enable virus spread.
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Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1)
Virology Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Alvin W Smith, Kim Y. Green, Gabriel I Parra, Stanislav V. SosnovtsevAbstract:Background Vesiviruses in the family Caliciviridae infect a broad range of animal hosts including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. The Vesivirus Cro1 strains were isolated from diseased snakes in the San Diego zoo in 1978 and reported as the first caliciviruses found in reptiles. The goal of this study was to characterize the Cro1 strain 780032I that was isolated in cell culture from a rock rattlesnake ( Crotalus lepidus) in the original outbreak. Results We re-amplified the original virus stock in Vero cells, and determined its full-length genome sequence. The Cro1 genome is 8296 nucleotides (nt) in length and has a typical Vesivirus organization, with three open reading frames (ORF), ORF1 (5643 nt), ORF2 (2121 nt), and ORF3 (348 nt) encoding a nonstructural polyprotein, the major capsid protein precursor, and a minor structural protein, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome sequence revealed that the Cro1 virus clustered most closely with the VESV species of the genus Vesivirus , but was genetically distinct (82-83% identities with closest strains). Conclusions This is the first description of a full-length genome sequence from a reptile calicivirus (Cro1). The availability of the Cro1 genome sequence should facilitate investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in Cro1 virus evolution and host range.
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Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1)
Virology Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Carlos Sandoval-jaime, Alvin W Smith, Kim Y. Green, Gabriel I Parra, Stanislav V. SosnovtsevAbstract:Background Vesiviruses in the family Caliciviridae infect a broad range of animal hosts including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. The Vesivirus Cro1 strains were isolated from diseased snakes in the San Diego zoo in 1978 and reported as the first caliciviruses found in reptiles. The goal of this study was to characterize the Cro1 strain 780032I that was isolated in cell culture from a rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus) in the original outbreak.
Douglas E Skilling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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calicivirus genus Vesivirus associated with post transfusional hepatitis
2007Co-Authors: Alvin W Smith, Patrick L Iversen, Douglas E Skilling, Andreas Kurth, Chet C Smith, David O MatsonAbstract:This is the abstract and PowerPoint slides for a presentation made at the 26th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Virology held at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon from July 14 - 18, 2007.
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serologic evidence of Vesivirus specific antibodies associated with abortion in horses
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2006Co-Authors: Andreas Kurth, Douglas E Skilling, Alvin W SmithAbstract:Objective—To test horses for serologic evidence of an association between vesiviral antibodies and abortion. Sample Population—Sera from 141 horses. Procedures—2 experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 comprised sera obtained in 2001 and 2002 from 3 groups of horses (58 mares from farms with a history of abortion problems, 25 mares between 3 and 13 years of age with unknown reproductive histories that were sold at auction [breeding-age control mares], and 29 mixed-age males and yearling females sold at auction [negative control population]). Experiment 2 comprised sera from 3 groups of pregnant mares (10 pregnant mares fed Eastern tent caterpillars [ETCs], 9 pregnant mares fed ETC frass only, and 10 pregnant control mares). Sera were analyzed for antibodies against Vesivirus by use of a validated recombinant Vesivirusspecific peptide antigen in an indirect ELISA. Results—For experiment 1, 37 of 58 (63.8%) mares from farms with abortion problems were seropositive for Vesivirus antibodies, whereas 10 of 25...
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Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans
Journal of Medical Virology, 2006Co-Authors: Alvin W Smith, Patrick L Iversen, Douglas E Skilling, David A Stein, David O MatsonAbstract:Pathogenic caliciviruses of the genus Vesivirus circulate in oceanic ecosystems and spread to and among terrestrial mammals. Isolation of Vesivirus from natural and laboratory infections in humans led to this investigation of Vesivirus seroprevalence and viremia. Sera from four groups were tested for antibodies to Vesivirus as follows: blood donors whose units were cleared for donation, blood donors whose units were not accepted for donation solely because of elevated blood liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown but suspected infectious cause, and patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown cause but associated with blood transfusion or dialysis. Additionally, sera were tested for Vesivirus genome by three methods: dot-blot and two reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The calculated seroprevalence against Vesivirus virions within these groups (N = 765) was 12%, 21%, 29%, and 47%, respectively (P < 0.001 for group differences). Additionally, 11 (9.8%) of 112 sera tested yielded RT-PCR amplicons that by nucleotide sequence were distinct from each other and related to known Vesivirus. These data indicate that some blood donors in the population tested have serologic evidence of previous Vesivirus infection and some also have Vesivirus viremia. These results justify further investigation of an association between Vesivirus infection and illness in humans. J. Med. Virol. 78:693–701, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans.
Journal of Medical Virology, 2006Co-Authors: Alvin W Smith, Patrick L Iversen, Douglas E Skilling, David A Stein, David O MatsonAbstract:Pathogenic caliciviruses of the genus Vesivirus circulate in oceanic ecosystems and spread to and among terrestrial mammals. Isolation of Vesivirus from natural and laboratory infections in humans led to this investigation of Vesivirus seroprevalence and viremia. Sera from four groups were tested for antibodies to Vesivirus as follows: blood donors whose units were cleared for donation, blood donors whose units were not accepted for donation solely because of elevated blood liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown but suspected infectious cause, and patients with clinical hepatitis of unknown cause but associated with blood transfusion or dialysis. Additionally, sera were tested for Vesivirus genome by three methods: dot-blot and two reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The calculated seroprevalence against Vesivirus virions within these groups (N = 765) was 12%, 21%, 29%, and 47%, respectively (P
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prevalence of Vesivirus in a laboratory based set of serum samples obtained from dairy and beef cattle
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2006Co-Authors: Andreas Kurth, David O Matson, Douglas E Skilling, James F Evermann, Alvin W SmithAbstract:Objective—To examine sera obtained from dairy and beef cattle to detect antibodies against Vesivirus and compare seroprevalence among cattle within the sample population. Sample Population—Cattle sera from 8 western states and Maryland submitted to the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory during 1999 and 2000. Procedure—Sera were analyzed for Vesivirus-specific antibodies by use of a recombinant Vesivirus–San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 5–capsid peptide antigen in an indirect ELISA. Results—Overall, 693 sera were tested and 105 (15.2%) had positive results. Seropositive cattle were from 7 states (all cattle from Montana and Maryland 10 and 4, respectively were seronegative). Overall seroprevalence for antiVesivirus antibody in herds ranged between 0% and 80% (median, 14%). Higher antibody prevalence was significantly associated with older age, dairy rather than beef cattle, and reasons for submission. Logistic regression of factors (abortion, respiratory tract disease, and all other reasons ...
