The Experts below are selected from a list of 1254 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

F. Caloni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Review Alkaloid-Containing Plants Poisonous to Cattle and Horses in Europe
    2016
    Co-Authors: C. Cortinovis, F. Caloni
    Abstract:

    Abstract: Alkaloids, nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites, are of major interest to Veterinary Toxicology because of their occurrence in plant species commonly involved in animal poisoning. Based on epidemiological data, the poisoning of cattle and horses by alkaloid-containing plants is a relatively common occurrence in Europe. Poisoning may occur when the plants contaminate hay or silage or when forage alternatives are unavailable. Cattle and horses are particularly at risk of poisoning by Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron), Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Equisetum palustre (marsh horsetail), Senecio spp. (ragwort and groundsel) and Taxus baccata (European yew). This review of poisonous alkaloid-containing plants describes the distribution of these plants, conditions under which poisoning occurs, active toxic principles involved and subsequent clinical signs observed

  • Alkaloid-Containing Plants Poisonous to Cattle and Horses in Europe
    'MDPI AG', 2015
    Co-Authors: C. Cortinovis, F. Caloni
    Abstract:

    Alkaloids, nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites, are of major interest to Veterinary Toxicology because of their occurrence in plant species commonly involved in animal poisoning. Based on epidemiological data, the poisoning of cattle and horses by alkaloid-containing plants is a relatively common occurrence in Europe. Poisoning may occur when the plants contaminate hay or silage or when forage alternatives are unavailable. Cattle and horses are particularly at risk of poisoning by Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron), Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Equisetum palustre (marsh horsetail), Senecio spp. (ragwort and groundsel) and Taxus baccata (European yew). This review of poisonous alkaloid-containing plants describes the distribution of these plants, conditions under which poisoning occurs, active toxic principles involved and subsequent clinical signs observed

  • Epidemiological data on chemical poisoning of animals: a source for risk assessment
    2014
    Co-Authors: F. Caloni, F. Davanzo
    Abstract:

    Chemicals, included in the category of pesticides (n.1159 cases), insecticides, rodenticides, molluscicides, herbicides and fungicides, and household products (n. 191 cases), are among the main classes involved in animal poisoning. Epidemiological studies were carried out from 2010 to 2013 based on the Human Poison Control Centre of Milan (Centro Antiveleni di Milano, CAV) data related to domestic animal poisoning, in collaboration with the Veterinary Toxicology Section of the University of Milan. Data, processed for epidemiological analysis and evaluated in terms of the animal species, toxic substance, clinical signs and final outcome, were classified and represent an interesting database of chemical exposure. Most of the suspected poisoning cases were related to anticholinesterase insecticides, carbamates (methomyl), organophosphates (chlorpyriphos), and pyrethrins-pyrethroids. Frequently reported cases involved rodenticides such as anticoagulants, zinc phosphide, chlorophacinone, α-chloralose together with the molluscicides metaldehyde and methiocarb, in cases involving pets. Occasionally, the herbicides paraquat and glyphosate and fungicides like copper sulphate, copper oxychloride, ziram were reported. Caustic agents like sodium hydroxide, a drain cleaner also known as caustic soda and detergents and other frequent household toxicants such as solvents (hydrocarbons) used in paints and domestic fuel, fertilizers and ethylene glycol, used as an anti-freeze, are culprits causing intoxication. Epidemiological data collected can be a useful source and a key tool for chemical risk assessment. References: Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Davanzo F Animal poisoning in Italy: 10 years of epidemiological data from the Poison Control Centre of Milan, 2012, Veterinary record 170, 415 Caloni F Berny P, Croubels S, Sachana M,Guitart R Epidemiology of poisonings in Europe, 2012, Chapter 7 pp 88-97 Veterinary Toxicology, Editor R. Gupta,2nd Edition Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Panzavolta G, Falciola C, Davanzo F Poisoning of domestic animals: 2011 data from poison control centre of Milan, 2012, Toxicology letters, 214, 211S Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Poisoning of domestic animals data from Poison Control Centre of Milan, 2012, Toxicology letters, 221, S25

  • Plant poisoning in domestic animals : epidemiological data from an Italian survey (2000-2011)
    'BMJ', 2013
    Co-Authors: F. Caloni, C. Cortinovis, M. Rivolta, S. Alonge, F. Davanzo
    Abstract:

    An Italian epidemiological study based on the human Poison Control Centre of Milan (Centro Antiveleni di Milano (CAV)) data related to domestic animal poisoning by exposure to plants, was carried out in collaboration with the Veterinary Toxicology Section of the University of Milan. It encompasses a 12-year period, from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2011. Calls related to toxic plants accounted for 5.7 per cent of total inquiries (2150) received by CAV. The dog was the most commonly poisoned species (61.8 per cent of calls) followed by the cat (26 per cent). Little information was recorded for other species. Most exposures (73.8 per cent) resulted in mild to moderate clinical signs. The outcome was reported in only 53.7 per cent of cases, and fatal poisoning accounted for 10.6 per cent of these cases. Glycoside, alkaloid, oxalate, toxalbumin, saponin, terpene and terpenoid-containing plants were recorded and found to be responsible for intoxication. Cycas revoluta, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Hydrangea macrophylla, Nerium oleander, Rhododendron species and Prunus species were the plants most frequently involved. Epidemiological data from this Italian survey provide useful information on animal exposure to plants and confirm the importance of plants as causative agents of animal poisoning

Antonio J Garciafernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • relationship of the toxicity of pesticide formulations and their commercial restrictions with the frequency of animal poisonings
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2008
    Co-Authors: Monica Martinezharo, Rafael Mateo, Raimon Guitart, Francisco Solerrodriguez, Marcos Perezlopez, Pedro Mariamojica, Antonio J Garciafernandez
    Abstract:

    Abstract Deliberate poisoning of domestic animals and wildlife with commercial formulations of pesticides has been documented worldwide. We have compiled the analytical results obtained by four Spanish Laboratories of Veterinary Toxicology since 1990. The frequency of poisonings and the intentional use of pesticides were compared between formulations with restricted and unrestricted use, including the toxicity of the commercial formulations as a covariant in the model. The frequency of poisoning was inversely related with the lethal dose of specific formulations, but not with the amounts consumed in agriculture in Spain. The intentional illegal use of some pesticides as poisons was not affected by the commercial restriction of their formulations, but was inversely correlated with their LD 50 . The examination of the data permits us to detect three highly toxic compounds (aldicarb, carbofuran, and strychnine), more widely implicated in animal poisonings than other compounds of similar toxicity.

  • intentional poisoning of animals in southeastern spain a review of the Veterinary Toxicology service from murcia spain
    Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 2003
    Co-Authors: M Motasguzman, P Marlamojica, D. Romero, E Martinezlopez, Antonio J Garciafernandez
    Abstract:

    Data of toxicological analyses carried out over a 10-y period for suspected cases of wild and domestic animal poisonings are summarized. Of the 123 cases suspected as deliberate, 102 were be analyzed and 50 of them were positive to intentional poisoning, a total of 107 dead animals. Pesticides, especially insecticides (72 %) and rodenticides (26 %), were frequently involved. Aldicarb (n=15), anticoagulant rodenticides (n=8) and strychnine (n=4) were the most common toxins in baits prepared for intentional poisonings; carbofuran, methomyl, endosulfan and paraquat were also used. A coordinated Veterinary Toxicology Services network of collaboration should be set up in Spain to improve the Quality of the services provided.

John P. Buchweitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • characterization of bromethalin and its degradation products in Veterinary Toxicology samples by gc ms ms
    Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Andreas F. Lehner, Mark T. Bokhart, Margaret Johnson, John P. Buchweitz
    Abstract:

    Bromethalin is a neurotoxicant with unusual instability and chromatographic behavior that make it difficult to analyze by gas chromatography (GC) in forensic examination of non-target animal deaths. Physicochemical breakdown of bromethalin produced multiple unique products with discernible mass spectra. This paper describes an investigation of the GC electron impact-mass spectrometric properties of bromethalin and its capacity to generate up to twenty heat- or light-induced breakdown products. Two principal breakdown products are isomeric with one another and involve release of both fluorine and methyl groups to develop dehydrofluorodesmethylbromethalin products. These compounds have proven to be excellent surrogate markers in screening forensic samples for bromethalin exposure, particularly in Veterinary samples in which the active metabolite desmethylbromethalin has not yet accumulated to any appreciable extent, such as baits and animal stomach contents. The compounds as well as their parent bromethalin were easily monitored by GC interfaced with a tandem-quadrupole mass spectrometer using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Unusual gas chromatographic properties of bromethalin included: (i) specific requirements for a maximum oven temperature; (ii) non-linear increases in detector response on increased injection volumes, hypothesized to result from variable diffusion coefficients. We report here the development of GC strategies that facilitate detection of bromethalin and its breakdown products, as well as their MRM analysis by tandem-quadrupole mass spectrometry. The developed approaches are applicable to feed, baits and stomach contents as well as extracted tissue samples such as liver and kidney.

Andrzej Posyniak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • development of an analytical procedure for the determination of multiclass compounds for forensic Veterinary Toxicology
    Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Bartosz Sell, Tomasz Sniegocki, J Zmudzki, Andrzej Posyniak
    Abstract:

    Reported here is a new analytical multiclass method based on QuEChERS technique, which has proven to be effective in diagnosing fatal poisoning cases in animals. This method has been developed for the determination of analytes in liver samples comprising rodenticides, carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides, coccidiostats and mycotoxins. The procedure entails addition of acetonitrile and sodium acetate to 2 g of homogenized liver sample. The mixture was shaken intensively and centrifuged for phase separation, which was followed by an organic phase transfer into a tube containing sorbents (PSA and C18) and magnesium sulfate, then it was centrifuged, the supernatant was filtered and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A validation of the procedure was performed. Repeatability variation coefficients <15% have been achieved for most of the analyzed substances. Analytical conditions allowed for a successful separation of variety of poisons with the typical screening detection limit at ≤10 μg/kg levels. The method was used to investigate more than 100 animals poisoning incidents and proved that is useful to be used in animal forensic Toxicology cases.

J Marcicano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of experimental amitraz intoxication in cats [Efeitos da intoxicação experimental por amitraz em gatos]
    2015
    Co-Authors: Silvia Franco Andrade, Cecilia Braga Laposy, S F Valente, V M Bettanim, L T Rodrigues, J Marcicano, Michiko Sakate, Presidente Prudente
    Abstract:

    This work studied the effects of experimental amitraz intoxication in cats. Sixteen cats were randomly divided equally into two groups: amitraz group- animals received 1.5 % amitraz at 1mg/kg IV; and the control group- animals without amitraz. Physiological parameters from blood, cardiorespiratory system, and sedation indicators were quantified over time up to 360 minutes. Blood profile, urea, creatinine, alananine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not affected by amitraz. Sedation, loss of reflexes, hypothermia, bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, bradypnea, mydriasis, besides transitory hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and decrease of cortisol levels were observed in cats experimentally exposed to amitraz. The D2-adrenergic effects induced by amitraz intoxication in cats are very similar to the same effects reported in others species, contributing with more information about this type of intoxication to Veterinary Toxicology

  • effects of experimental amitraz intoxication in cats
    Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 2007
    Co-Authors: Silvia Franco Andrade, Cecilia Braga Laposy, S F Valente, V M Bettanim, L T Rodrigues, Michiko Sakate, J Marcicano
    Abstract:

    This work studied the effects of experimental amitraz intoxication in cats. Sixteen cats were randomly divided equally into two groups: amitraz group - animals received 1.5% amitraz at 1mg/kg IV; and the control group - animals without amitraz. Physiological parameters from blood, cardiorespiratory system, and sedation indicators were quantified over time up to 360 minutes. Blood profile, urea, creatinine, alananine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not affected by amitraz. Sedation, loss of reflexes, hypothermia, bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, bradypnea, mydriasis, besides transitory hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and decrease of cortisol levels were observed in cats experimentally exposed to amitraz. The a2-adrenergic effects induced by amitraz intoxication in cats are very similar to the same effects reported in others species, contributing with more information about this type of intoxication to Veterinary Toxicology.