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Julio S G Montaner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suppression of plasma Virus Load below the detection limit of a human immunodeficiency Virus kit is associated with longer virologic response than suppression below the limit of quantitation
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Robert S Hogg, Christopher H Sherlock, P R Harrigan, M V Oshaughnessy, Janet Raboud, Julio S G MontanerAbstract:: Suppression of human immunodeficiency Virus type 1 plasma Virus Load (PVL) to 500 copies/mL, the relative risks of PVL rising above 1000 copies/mL for participants in the INCAS trial and the British Columbia Drug Treatment Program with a PVL nadir below the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.09) and 0.06 (95% CI, 0.03-0.12), respectively. The corresponding relative risks for persons with a detectable but not quantifiable PVL nadir were 0.25 (95% CI, 0.13-0.50) and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.25-1.19). The relative risks of virologic failure associated with a PVL nadir detectable but not quantifiable and a PVL nadir below the LOD were statistically different (P<.0001) in both data sets.
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stavudine plus lamivudine in advanced human immunodeficiency Virus disease a short term pilot study
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Brian Conway, Carlos Zala, Janet Raboud, Michael V Oshaughnessy, Sandra Rae, Signe Fransen, Andrew Shillington, Julio S G MontanerAbstract:The short-term effects of stavudine (d4T) plus lamivudine (3TC) were evaluated among 48 human immunodeficiency Virus-infected patients for whom zidovudine therapy had failed or who could not tolerate zidovudine. Patients were followed for 8 weeks after initiation of open-label d4T plus 3TC. Four patients discontinued therapy, because of neutropenia (1), hepatitis (1), or neuropathy (2). Reduction in Virus Load was -0.86 (+0.3 to -3.4) log 10 copieslmL and CD4 cell increase was 30 (-100 to +290) cells/mm 3 . Virologic response was associated with a higher CD4 cell count, no prior exposure to d4T and 3TC, and no previous AIDS-defining illness. Virus Load reduction for patients naive to 3TC and d4T was -1.47 (-0.14 to -3.37) log 10 copies/mL. Short-term use of d4T plus 3TC is safe, well-tolerated, and associated with virologic and substantial immunologic benefits. Further evaluation of d4T and 3TC in combination is warranted.
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a pilot study of hydroxyurea among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency Virus hiv disease receiving chronic didanosine therapy canadian hiv trials network protocol 080
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Julio S G Montaner, Carlos Zala, Brian Conway, Janet Raboud, Pierre Patenaude, Michael V Oshaughnessy, Martin T SchechterAbstract:To assess the in vivo short-term antiretroviral effect of hydroxyurea in human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected persons chronically treated with didanosine (ddl), 26 patients with CD4 cell counts between 100 and 350 were enrolled in a 12-week, open-label pilot study and randomly assigned to receive 500 or 1000 mg/day hydroxyurea. Clinical status, laboratory toxicities, CD4 lymphocyte count, and HIV RNA plasma Virus Load were assessed weekly. Median declines from baseline of 0.02 and 0.63 log 10 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL of plasma were observed for the 500- and 1000-mg/day groups, respectively (P = .02). CD4 cell counts did not change significantly with the addition of hydroxyurea; however, a small but statistically significant decrease in counts was observed during the washout phase. Both doses of hydroxyurea were well-tolerated. These results demonstrate a substantial decrease in plasma Virus Load when 1000 mg of hydroxyurea is administered over 1 month as adjunctive therapy to ddl among HIV-infected persons with 100-350 CD4 cells/mm 3 .
Janet Raboud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suppression of plasma Virus Load below the detection limit of a human immunodeficiency Virus kit is associated with longer virologic response than suppression below the limit of quantitation
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Robert S Hogg, Christopher H Sherlock, P R Harrigan, M V Oshaughnessy, Janet Raboud, Julio S G MontanerAbstract:: Suppression of human immunodeficiency Virus type 1 plasma Virus Load (PVL) to 500 copies/mL, the relative risks of PVL rising above 1000 copies/mL for participants in the INCAS trial and the British Columbia Drug Treatment Program with a PVL nadir below the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.09) and 0.06 (95% CI, 0.03-0.12), respectively. The corresponding relative risks for persons with a detectable but not quantifiable PVL nadir were 0.25 (95% CI, 0.13-0.50) and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.25-1.19). The relative risks of virologic failure associated with a PVL nadir detectable but not quantifiable and a PVL nadir below the LOD were statistically different (P<.0001) in both data sets.
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stavudine plus lamivudine in advanced human immunodeficiency Virus disease a short term pilot study
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Brian Conway, Carlos Zala, Janet Raboud, Michael V Oshaughnessy, Sandra Rae, Signe Fransen, Andrew Shillington, Julio S G MontanerAbstract:The short-term effects of stavudine (d4T) plus lamivudine (3TC) were evaluated among 48 human immunodeficiency Virus-infected patients for whom zidovudine therapy had failed or who could not tolerate zidovudine. Patients were followed for 8 weeks after initiation of open-label d4T plus 3TC. Four patients discontinued therapy, because of neutropenia (1), hepatitis (1), or neuropathy (2). Reduction in Virus Load was -0.86 (+0.3 to -3.4) log 10 copieslmL and CD4 cell increase was 30 (-100 to +290) cells/mm 3 . Virologic response was associated with a higher CD4 cell count, no prior exposure to d4T and 3TC, and no previous AIDS-defining illness. Virus Load reduction for patients naive to 3TC and d4T was -1.47 (-0.14 to -3.37) log 10 copies/mL. Short-term use of d4T plus 3TC is safe, well-tolerated, and associated with virologic and substantial immunologic benefits. Further evaluation of d4T and 3TC in combination is warranted.
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a pilot study of hydroxyurea among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency Virus hiv disease receiving chronic didanosine therapy canadian hiv trials network protocol 080
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Julio S G Montaner, Carlos Zala, Brian Conway, Janet Raboud, Pierre Patenaude, Michael V Oshaughnessy, Martin T SchechterAbstract:To assess the in vivo short-term antiretroviral effect of hydroxyurea in human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected persons chronically treated with didanosine (ddl), 26 patients with CD4 cell counts between 100 and 350 were enrolled in a 12-week, open-label pilot study and randomly assigned to receive 500 or 1000 mg/day hydroxyurea. Clinical status, laboratory toxicities, CD4 lymphocyte count, and HIV RNA plasma Virus Load were assessed weekly. Median declines from baseline of 0.02 and 0.63 log 10 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL of plasma were observed for the 500- and 1000-mg/day groups, respectively (P = .02). CD4 cell counts did not change significantly with the addition of hydroxyurea; however, a small but statistically significant decrease in counts was observed during the washout phase. Both doses of hydroxyurea were well-tolerated. These results demonstrate a substantial decrease in plasma Virus Load when 1000 mg of hydroxyurea is administered over 1 month as adjunctive therapy to ddl among HIV-infected persons with 100-350 CD4 cells/mm 3 .
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Stavudine plus lamivudine in advanced human immunodeficiency Virus disease: a short-term pilot
1997Co-Authors: Danielle Rouleau, Brian Conway, Janet Raboud, Signe Fransen, British Columbia, Centre Excellence, Canadian Hiv, Ra Rae, Andrew ShillingtonAbstract:The short-term effects of stavudine (d4T) plus lamivudine (3TC) were evaluated among 48 human immunodeficiency Virus–infected patients for whom zidovudine therapy had failed or who could not tolerate zidovudine. Patients were followed for 8 weeks after initiation of open-label d4T plus 3TC. Four patients discontinued therapy, because of neutropenia (1), hepatitis (1), or neuropathy (2). Reduction in Virus Load was 00.86 (/0.3 to 03.4) log10 copies/mL and CD4 cell increase was 30 (0100 to /290) cells/mm3. Virologic response was associated with a higher CD4 cell count, no prior exposure to d4T and 3TC, and no previous AIDS-defining illness. Virus Load reduction for patients naive to 3TC and d4T was 01.47 (00.14 to 03.37) log10 copies/mL. Short-term use of d4T plus 3TC is safe, well-tolerated, and associated with virologic and substantial immunologic benefits. Further evaluation of d4T and 3TC in combination is warranted. A number of controlled trials have now demonstrated that untested combinations. Despite the lack of controlled clinical data, stavudine (d4T) and lamivudine (3TC) have often beencombination antiretroviral therapy is generally more effective that monotherapy for the treatment of human immunodefi- combined under these circumstances on the basis of their well-characterized antiviral effect, nonoverlapping toxicities, andciency Virus (HIV) infection [1–6]. Survival benefit and im-provement of clinical outcomes have been correlated with favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles [14–24]
Tsuneo Morishima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative analysis of cytomegaloVirus Load using a real time pcr assay
Journal of Medical Virology, 2000Co-Authors: Naoko Tanaka, Hiroshi Kimura, Takaharu Matsuyama, Keiji Iida, Yumiko Saito, Ikuya Tsuge, Ayami Yoshimi, Tsuneo MorishimaAbstract:A novel real-time PCR assay system was developed to quantify the cytomegaloVirus (CMV) genome Load. The real-time PCR assay could detect from 6 to over 106 copies of CMV-DNA with a wide linear range. The Virus Load of immunocompromised patients with symptomatic CMV infections was quantified and compared to that of asymptomatic ones. In symptomatic patients, all 17 peripheral blood leukocytes were positive for CMV DNA, and its mean value was 103.3 copies/106 cells. On the other hand, only 9 of 38 samples (24%) were positive in the asymptomatic patients, and its mean titer was lower (102.0 copies/106 cells) than that of the symptomatic group (P = 0.002). In plasma, the Virus genome was detected in 13 out of 17 samples from symptomatic patients (76%), and its mean value was 104.0 copies/ml. In contrast, for the asymptomatic group, only one out of 36 samples were positive (3%). Finally, this system was used to monitor two patients with CMV infections serially. The CMV DNA copy number changed with their clinical symptoms and anti-CMV therapy, and virtually paralleled the result of the pp65 antigenemia assay in both cases. In one patient with the cord blood transplantation, however, the CMV DNA became positive faster than the antigenemia assay. These results indicate that this assay is sensitive and useful for estimating the CMV genome Load not only in peripheral blood leukocytes but also in plasma. It can be very helpful for diagnosing CMV-related diseases and monitoring the Virus Load in patients with CMV infections. J. Med. Virol. 60:455–462, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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quantitative analysis of epstein barr Virus Load by using a real time pcr assay
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1999Co-Authors: Hiroshi Kimura, Makoto Morita, Yumi Yabuta, Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Koji Kato, Seiji Kojima, Takaharu Matsuyama, Tsuneo MorishimaAbstract:To measure the Virus Load in patients with symptomatic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infections, we used a real-time PCR assay to quantify the amount of EBV DNA in blood. The real-time PCR assay could detect from 2 to over 10(7) copies of EBV DNA with a wide linear range. We estimated the Virus Load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from patients with symptomatic EBV infections. The mean EBV-DNA copy number in the PBMNC was 10(3.7) copies/microg of DNA in patients with EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders, 10(4.1) copies/microg of DNA in patients with chronic active EBV infections, and 10(2.2) copies/microg of DNA in patients with infectious mononucleosis. These numbers were significantly larger than those in either posttransplant patients or immunocompetent control patients without EBV-related diseases. In a patient with infectious mononucleosis, the Virus Load decreased as the symptoms resolved. The copy number of EBV DNA in PBMNC from symptomatic EBV infections was correlated with the EBV-positive cell number determined by the in situ hybridization assay (r = 0.842; P < 0.0001). These results indicate that the real-time PCR assay is useful for diagnosing symptomatic EBV infection and for monitoring the Virus Load.
Kristina Adachi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maternal zika Virus disease severity Virus Load prior dengue antibodies and their relationship to birth outcomes
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Ummeaiman Halai, Karin Nielsensaines, Maria Lopes Moreira, Patricia Carvalho De Sequeira, Jose Paulo Pereira, Andrea Zin, James D Cherry, Claudia Raja Gabaglia, Stephanie L Gaw, Kristina AdachiAbstract:Background Congenital Zika Virus (ZIKV) syndrome is a newly identified condition resulting from infection during pregnancy. We analyzed outcome data from a mother-infant cohort in Rio de Janeiro in order to assess whether clinical severity of maternal ZIKV infection was associated with maternal Virus Load, prior dengue antibodies, or abnormal pregnancy/infant outcomes. Methods A clinical severity assessment tool was developed based on duration of fever, severity of rash, multisystem involvement, and duration of symptoms during ZIKV infection. ZIKV-RNA Load was quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycles in blood/ urine. Dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured at baseline. Adverse outcomes were defined as fetal loss or a live infant with grossly abnormal clinical or brain imaging findings. Regression models were used to study potential associations. Results 131 ZIKV-PCR positive pregnant women were scored for clinical disease severity, 6 (4.6%) had mild disease, 98 (74.8%) had moderate disease, and 27 (20.6%) severe manifestations of ZIKV infection. There were 58 (46.4%) abnormal outcomes with 9 fetal losses (7.2%) in 125 pregnancies. No associations were found between: disease severity and abnormal outcomes (P = .961; odds ratio [OR]: 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.796-1.270); disease severity and viral Load (P = .994); viral Load and adverse outcomes (P = .667; OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.922-1.135); or existence of prior dengue antibodies (88% subjects) with severity score, ZIKV-RNA Load or adverse outcomes (P = .667; OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.255-2.397). Conclusions Congenital ZIKV syndrome does not appear to be associated with maternal disease severity, ZIKV-RNA Load at time of infection or existence of prior dengue antibodies.
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maternal zika Virus disease severity Virus Load prior dengue antibodies and their relationship to birth outcomes
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Ummeaiman Halai, Karin Nielsensaines, Maria Lopes Moreira, Patricia Carvalho De Sequeira, Jose Paulo Pereira, James D Cherry, Claudia Raja Gabaglia, Kristina Adachi, Irena Tsui, Jose Henrique PilottoAbstract:Background Congenital Zika Virus (ZIKV) syndrome is a newly identified condition resulting from infection during pregnancy. We analyzed outcome data from a mother-infant cohort in Rio de Janeiro in order to assess whether clinical severity of maternal ZIKV infection was associated with maternal Virus Load, prior dengue antibodies, or abnormal pregnancy/infant outcomes.
Rongfu Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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combination of ctla 4 and tgfβ1 gene polymorphisms associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever and Virus Load in a dengue 2 outbreak
Clinical Immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Rongfu Chen, Jienwei Liu, Lin Wang, Jenchieh Chang, Jiintsuey Cheng, Hau Chuang, Ichun Lin, Kuender D YangAbstract:Abstract The pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has been considered to be massive immune activation of T cells. Abnormal expression of the immune regulatory molecules, CTLA-4 and TGFβ1, leads to disturbances of regulatory T cell immune response. We investigate the contribution of CTLA-4 and TGFβ1 in DHF by analyzing them for association with Virus Load in blood and polymorphisms of CTLA-4 +49A/G, and TGFβ1 −509C/T in a DEN-2 outbreak. The increased frequency of the TGFβ1 −509 CC genotype in patients with DHF was compared to those with dengue fever (OR = 1.9, p = 0.034). Moreover, the presence of the CTLA-4 +49 G allele and TGFβ1 −509 CC genotype increased the susceptibility to risk of DHF (OR = 2.1, p = 0.028) and significantly higher Virus Load (p = 0.013). This finding suggests that a combination of CTLA-4 and TGFβ1 polymorphisms is associated with the susceptibility of DHF and higher Virus Load.
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altered t helper 1 reaction but not increase of Virus Load in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever
Fems Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Rongfu Chen, Jienwei Liu, Wenting Yeh, Lin Wang, Jenchieh Chang, Jiintsuey Cheng, Kuender D YangAbstract:To investigate whether dengue-2 patients with and without dengue hemorrhagic fever had different Virus Load, immune mediators, or T helper (Th) reaction, we simultaneously measured Virus Load, immune mediators and the Th1/Th2 transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 mRNA expression in a large outbreak of dengue-2 infections in Southern Taiwan. Results showed that Virus Load was not significantly different between patients with and without dengue hemorrhagic fever. Patients with dengue fever had higher IFN-γ levels, but patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever had significantly higher IL-10 levels. Further studies showed that patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever had a significantly lower T-bet than those with dengue fever, but GATA-3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes was not significant difference between both groups. In conclusion, altered Th1 reaction as reflected by lower T-bet mRNA expression associated with higher IL-10 levels might be involved in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever.
