The Experts below are selected from a list of 20316 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ling Kui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of selective sweeps in the domesticated table and Wine grape vitis vinifera l
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Ling Kui, Min Tang, Shengchang Duan, Shouling Wang, Xiao DongAbstract:Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), one of the most important fruit species in the Classical Mediterranean world, is thought to have been domesticated 6,000 – 8,000 years ago in the Near East. However, the domestication process of its wild relative into Wine Grapes or table Grapes remains largely unknown. In this study, we randomly selected 30 table Grapes, 30 Wine Grapes and 30 dual-purpose grape accessions, as well as 30 wild relatives (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris). The phenotypic comparison showed striking differences in berry weight, acidity and the content of aroma. Based on a total of 7,522,958 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we identified several significant selective sweep regions for table and Wine Grapes. Besides the well-known sex-determination locus on chromosome 2, the other 4 highest signals shared by two groups could not be linked to the known QTLs. The identification of these genomic regions under selection sweep may reveal agronomically important traits that have been selected during grape domestication. This information could not only shed light on the mechanisms of adaptions and diversification, but also guide the genetic improvement in breeding programs.
Shaohua Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anthocyanin composition and content in grape berry skin in vitis germplasm
Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Zhenchang Liang, Benhong Wu, Chunxiang Yang, Wei Duan, Xianbo Zheng, Shaohua LiAbstract:Abstract The composition and content of anthocyanins were surveyed by HPLC–MS for assessing genotypic variation in berry skin of 110 grape cultivars, including 3 species and 5 interspecific hybrids. Twenty-nine anthocyanins were identified. For total anthocyanin content, Vitis vinifera and hybrids of Vitis labrusca and V. vinifera were low, and in general, wild species and rootstock were higher than interspecific hybrids, and Wine Grapes were higher than table Grapes in the same species. As regards the composition of anthocyanins, malvidin-derivatives were the most abundant anthocyanins in the majority of germplasms. All anthocyanins were monoglucoside derivatives in V. vinifera , but all the other Vitis germplasms had both mono- and di-glucoside derivatives. Moreover, peonidin-derivatives and malvidin 3- O -glucoside were, respectively, main anthocyanins in table and Wine Grapes of V. vinifera . Via principal component analysis, the distribution of the cultivars in a scatter plot depended upon their total anthocyanins content, mono- and di-glucoside derivatives .
Xiao Dong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of selective sweeps in the domesticated table and Wine grape vitis vinifera l
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2020Co-Authors: Ling Kui, Min Tang, Shengchang Duan, Shouling Wang, Xiao DongAbstract:Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), one of the most important fruit species in the Classical Mediterranean world, is thought to have been domesticated 6,000 – 8,000 years ago in the Near East. However, the domestication process of its wild relative into Wine Grapes or table Grapes remains largely unknown. In this study, we randomly selected 30 table Grapes, 30 Wine Grapes and 30 dual-purpose grape accessions, as well as 30 wild relatives (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris). The phenotypic comparison showed striking differences in berry weight, acidity and the content of aroma. Based on a total of 7,522,958 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we identified several significant selective sweep regions for table and Wine Grapes. Besides the well-known sex-determination locus on chromosome 2, the other 4 highest signals shared by two groups could not be linked to the known QTLs. The identification of these genomic regions under selection sweep may reveal agronomically important traits that have been selected during grape domestication. This information could not only shed light on the mechanisms of adaptions and diversification, but also guide the genetic improvement in breeding programs.
Baozhong Meng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Survey for major viruses in commercial Vitis vinifera Wine Grapes in Ontario
Virology Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Huogen Xiao, Mehdi Shabanian, Clayton Moore, Baozhong MengAbstract:Background In recent years, the Ontario grape and Wine industry has experienced outbreaks of viral diseases across the province. Little is known about the prevalence of viruses and viral diseases in Ontario. Since 2015, we have conducted large-scale surveys for major viruses in commercial Wine Grapes in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and severity of viral diseases in Ontario. Methods A total of 657 composite leaf samples representing 3285 vines collected from 137 vine blocks of 33 vineyards from three appellations: Niagara Peninsula, Lake Erie North Shore and Prince Edward County. These samples covered six major red cultivars and five major white grape cultivars. Using a multiplex RT-PCR format, we tested these samples for 17 viruses including those involved in all major viral diseases of the grapevine, such as five grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, 2, 3, 4, 7), grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), grapevine rupestris stem sitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine virus B (GVB), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), trapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), among others. Results Fourteen of the 17 viruses were detected from these samples and the predominant viruses are GRSPaV, GLRaV-3, GFkV, GPGV and GRBaV with an incidence of 84.0, 47.9, 21.8, 21.6 and 18.3%, respectively. As expected, mixed infections with multiple viruses are common. 95.6% of the samples included in the survey were infected with at least one virus; 67% of the samples with 2–4 viruses and 4.7% of the samples with 5–6 viruses. The major grape cultivars all tested positive for these major viruses. The results also suggested that the use of infected planting material may have been one of the chief factors responsible for the recent outbreaks of viral diseases across the province. Conclusions This is the first such comprehensive survey for grapevine viruses in Ontario and one of the most extensive surveys ever conducted in Canada. The recent outbreaks of viral diseases in Ontario vineyards were likely caused by GLRaV-3, GRBV and GPGV. Findings from this survey provides a baseline for the grape and Wine industry in developing strategies for managing grapevine viral diseases in Ontario vineyards.
Chrysoula C. Tassou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weissella uvarum sp. nov., isolated from Wine Grapes.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Aspasia Nisiotou, Dimitra Dourou, Maria-evangelia Filippousi, Georgios Banilas, Chrysoula C. TassouAbstract:Two bacterial strains (B18BM42T and B18NM6) were recovered during a study of bacterial diversity on Wine Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from the Nemea region in Greece. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the two strains within the genus Weissella , and found them to be most closely related to Weissella minor NRIC 1625T followed by Weissella viridescens NRIC 1536T (99.1 and 98.9 % sequence similarity, respectively). The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strains B18NM42T and W. minor NRIC 1625T or W. viridescens NRIC 1536T was 31.9 and 35.0 %, respectively. The two novel strains could be genetically differentiated from their closest relatives by REA-PFGE (restriction enzyme analysis-pulse field gel electrophoresis), RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and rep-PC R analyses (repetitive sequence-based PCR). Physiological examination showed that the novel strains can be distinguished from phylogenetically related species by their ability to grow at 42 °C and by certain carbohydrate fermentations. Based on the evidence above, the affiliation of the two strains to a novel species with the proposed name Weissella uvarum sp. nov. is suggested. The type strain is B18NM42T ( = DSM 28060T = NCCB 100484T).
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impact of water activity and temperature on growth and ochratoxin a production of two aspergillus carbonarius isolates from Wine Grapes in greece
Journal of Food Protection, 2007Co-Authors: Chrysoula C. Tassou, Pantelis I Natskoulis, Efstathios Z Panagou, Apostolos E Spiropoulos, Naresh MaganAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of water activity (aw; 0.85 to 0.98) and temperature (10 to 40°C) on the radial growth rate and ochratoxin A (OA) production of two Aspergillus carbonarius isolates in vitro. The isolates were obtained from Wine Grapes cultivated in Greece, and the trial was conducted with a synthetic grape juice medium similar in composition to Grapes between veraison (beginning of color change) and ripeness. Fungal growth and OA production data were collected for 55 days. Response surface curves and cardinal values for aw and temperature were obtained using multiple regression analysis. The lag phase lasted from less than 1 to 10 days. Both isolates grew optimally at 30 to 35°C and 0.96 aw, but maximum OA production occurred under suboptimal growth conditions (15 to 20°C and 0.93 to 0.96 aw). Growth also was observed at 0.85 aw and 25°C, however at this same aw the fungus failed to produce mycelium at any other temperatures tested. The isolates produced OA at 15 to 30°C...
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modelling the effect of temperature and water activity on the growth of two ochratoxigenic strains of aspergillus carbonarius from greek Wine Grapes
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Chrysoula C. Tassou, Pantelis I Natskoulis, Efstathios Z Panagou, Naresh MaganAbstract:Aims: To develop descriptive models for the combined effect of temperature (10–40°C) and water activity (0·850–0·980) on the growth of two ochratoxin A producing strains of Aspergillus carbonarius from Greek Wine Grapes on a synthetic grape juice medium. Methods and Results: Fungal growth was measured as changes in colony diameter on a daily basis. The maximum specific colony growth rates (μmax) were determined by fitting the primary model of Baranyi describing the change in colony diameter (mm) with respect to time (days). Secondary models, relating μmax with temperature and aw were developed and comparatively evaluated based on polynomial, Parra, Miles, Davey and Rosso equations. No growth was observed at 0·850 aw (water activity) regardless of temperature, as well as at marginal temperature levels assayed (10 and 40°C) regardless of water activity. The data set was fitted successfully in all models as indicated by the values of regression coefficients and root mean square error. Models with biological interpretable parameters were highly rated compared with the polynomial model, providing realistic cardinal values for temperature and aw. The optimum values for growth were found in the range 0·960–0·970 aw and 34–35°C respectively for both strains. The developed models were validated on independently derived data from the literature and presented reasonably good predictions as inferred by graphical plots and statistical indices (bias and accuracy factors). Conclusions: The effect of temperature and aw on the growth of A. carbonarius strains could be satisfactorily predicted under the current experimental conditions, and the proposed models could serve as a tool for this purpose. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results could be successfully employed as an empirical approach in the development and prediction of risk models of contamination of Grapes and grape products by A. carbonarius.
