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Annamalai Subramanian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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organohalogens and their hydroxylated metabolites in the blood of pigs from an open Waste Dumping site in south india association with hepatic cytochrome p450
Environmental Research, 2015Co-Authors: Hazuki Mizukawa, Hisato Iwata, Annamalai Subramanian, M Watanabe, Tatsuya Kunisue, Kei Nomiyama, Mayumi Ishizuka, Shinsuke TanabeAbstract:Abstract The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH–PCBs and OH–PBDEs) were measured in the blood of Eurasian wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from a municipal Waste open Dumping site (DS) and a reference site (RS) in South India. We showed that contamination with OH–PCBs was higher in female pigs from the DS than in all other adult pigs. The highest OH–PCB concentrations were found in piglets from the DS. Moreover, the hepatic expression levels of CYP1A and CYP2B were higher in piglets than in their dam, implying metabolism of PCBs by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The OH–PCB congener profiles differed according to sex and collection sites, possibly because of variations in the expression levels of phase I and phase II enzymes among individual pigs, differences in the exposure sources, and maternal transfer of parent PCBs. The hepatic CYP1A expression levels were positively correlated with the blood concentrations of 4OH-CB107, 4OH-CB162, and 4OH-CB187, implying CYP1A-dependent formation of these OH–PCBs in the pig liver. We found no significant correlations between the blood concentrations of OH–PCBs and thyroid hormones (THs); however, the thyroxin (T4) levels were lower in pigs from the DS than in pigs from the RS. Our limited dataset suggest that induced CYP enzymes accelerate the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules in pigs. Thus, besides parental compounds, the risk of hydroxylated metabolites entering wildlife and humans living in and around municipal open Waste Dumping sites should be considered.
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soil contamination by brominated flame retardants in open Waste Dumping sites in asian developing countries
Chemosphere, 2013Co-Authors: Akifimi Eguchi, Tomohiko Isobe, Karri Ramu, Nguyen Minh Tue, Agus Sudaryanto, Gnanasekaran Devanathan, Pham Hung Viet, Rouch Seang Tana, Shin Takahashi, Annamalai SubramanianAbstract:In Asian developing countries, large amounts of municipal Wastes are dumped into open Dumping sites each day without adequate management. This practice may cause several adverse environmental consequences and increase health risks to local communities. These Dumping sites are contaminated with many chemicals including brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). BFRs may be released into the environment through production processes and through the disposal of plastics and electronic Wastes that contain them. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the status of BFR pollution in municipal Waste Dumping sites in Asian developing countries. Soil samples were collected from six open Waste Dumping sites and five reference sites in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam from 1999 to 2007. The results suggest that PBDEs are the dominant contaminants in the Dumping sites in Asian developing countries, whereas HBCD contamination remains low. Concentrations of PBDEs and HBCDs ranged from ND to 180 μg/kg dry wt and ND to 1.4 μg/kg dry wt, respectively, in the reference sites and from 0.20 to 430 μg/kg dry wt and ND to 2.5 μg/kg dry wt, respectively, in the Dumping sites. Contamination levels of PBDEs in Asian municipal Dumping sites were comparable with those reported from electronic Waste dismantling areas in Pearl River delta, China.
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dioxin like and perfluorinated compounds in pigs in an indian open Waste Dumping site toxicokinetics and effects on hepatic cytochrome p450 and blood plasma hormones
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: M Watanabe, Shinsuke Tanabe, Annamalai Subramanian, Tatsuya Kunisue, Lin Tao, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Hisato IwataAbstract:Dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) and perfluorinated compounds were measured in the livers of pigs (Sus scrofa) collected from an open Waste Dumping site in South India. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; up to 200 ng/g wet wt) were significantly higher in male and female pigs, respectively, collected from the Dumping site than in those from a reference site. Results suggest that Dumping sites are a source of DRCs and PFOS. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs in piglets were higher than in mothers, especially for the congeners with molecular weights in the range of 360 to 400, implying congener-specific maternal transfer of DRCs in swine. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and some non-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the liver of pigs were higher than those in the adipose fat and muscle of the same specimens. In addition, the liver-to-adipose concentration ratios for each congener had a significant positive correlation with the levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A-like protein, suggesting congener-specific and CYP1A-dependent hepatic sequestration of DRCs in the swine. Total hepatic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs; 8.9–350 pg/g fat wt) had a significant positive correlation with CYP1A-like protein expression (r = 0.56, p = 0.012), suggesting the induction of CYP1A by DRCs. However, the total TEQs had a significant negative correlation with CYP4A-like protein (r = −0.49, p = 0.029), suggesting repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-mediated signaling pathway by DRCs. Decreases in plasma total thyroxine (T4), free T4, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G were also found in pigs from the Dumping site compared with those from the reference site. This study provides insight into the toxicological impacts of DRCs and perfluorinated compounds in wild animals from open Waste Dumping sites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1551–1560. © 2010 SETAC
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bioaccumulation of organochlorines in crows from an indian open Waste Dumping site evidence for direct transfer of dioxin like congeners from the contaminated soil
Environmental Science & Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Michio X Watanabe, Hisato Iwata, Mafumi Watanabe, Shinsuke Tanabe, Annamalai Subramanian, Kumiko Yoneda, Takuma HashimotoAbstract:To assess the significance of Waste Dumping sites as a source of chemical contamination to ecosystems, we analyzed the residue levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organochlorines in the breast muscle of crows from a Dumping site in the south of Chennai city, South India. Crows from the Dumping site contained significantly higher total TEQs (60 ± 27 pg/g lipid wt) than those from the reference sites (26 ± 18 pg/g lipid wt). Especially, certain dioxin-like coplanar PCB congeners (Co-PCBs), such as CB-77 and CB-105, whose source is commercial PCBs, were significantly higher in crows from the Dumping site than those from the reference sites. Profiles of PCDDs/DFs and Co-PCBs in crows from the Dumping site were similar to those of soil at the same site, which was confirmed by principal component analysis. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were obtained between the congener-specific bioconcentration ...
Adena R Rissman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in private land conservation increasing complexity shifting conservation purposes and allowable private land uses
Land Use Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Jessica Owley, Adena R RissmanAbstract:The terrain of private-land conservation dealmaking is shifting. As the area of private land protected for conservation increases, it is time to understand trends in private-land conservation agreements. We examined 269 conservation easements and conducted 73 interviews with land conservation organizations to investigate changes in private-land conservation in the United States. We hypothesized that since 2000, conservation easements have become more complex but less restrictive. Our analysis reveals shifts in what it means for private land to be “conserved.” We found that conservation easements have indeed become more complex, with more purposes and terms after 2000 compared to conservation easements recorded before 2000. However, changes in restrictiveness of conservation easements varied by land use. Mining and Waste Dumping were less likely to be allowed after 2000, but new residences and structures were twice as likely to be allowed. We found a shift toward allowing some bounded timber harvest and grazing and a decline in terms that entirely allow or prohibit these working land uses. Interviews revealed staff perceptions of reasons for these changes. Our analysis suggests that “used” landscapes are increasingly important for conservation but that conserving these properties stretches the limits of simple, perpetual policy tools and requires increasingly complex and contingent agreements.
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trends in private land conservation increasing complexity shifting conservation purposes and allowable private land uses
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Jessica Owley, Adena R RissmanAbstract:The terrain of private-land conservation dealmaking is shifting. As the number of acres of private land protected for conservation increases, our understanding of what it means for a property to be "conserved" is shifting. We examined 269 conservation easements and conducted 73 interviews with land conservation organizations to investigate changes in private-land conservation in the United States. We hypothesized that since 2000, conservation easements have become more complex but less restrictive. Our analysis reveals shifts in what it means for private land to be "conserved." We found that conservation easements have indeed become more complex, with more purposes and terms after 2000 compared to conservation easements recorded before 2000. However, changes in restrictiveness of conservation easements varied by land use. Mining and Waste Dumping were less likely to be allowed after 2000, but new residences and structures were twice as likely to be allowed. We found a shift toward allowing some bounded timber harvest and grazing, and a decline in terms that entirely allow or prohibit these working land uses. Interviews revealed staff perceptions of reasons for these changes. Our analysis suggests that "used" landscapes are increasingly important for conservation but that conserving these properties stretches the limits of simple, perpetual policy tools and requires increasingly complex and contingent agreements.
Hisato Iwata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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organohalogens and their hydroxylated metabolites in the blood of pigs from an open Waste Dumping site in south india association with hepatic cytochrome p450
Environmental Research, 2015Co-Authors: Hazuki Mizukawa, Hisato Iwata, Annamalai Subramanian, M Watanabe, Tatsuya Kunisue, Kei Nomiyama, Mayumi Ishizuka, Shinsuke TanabeAbstract:Abstract The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH–PCBs and OH–PBDEs) were measured in the blood of Eurasian wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from a municipal Waste open Dumping site (DS) and a reference site (RS) in South India. We showed that contamination with OH–PCBs was higher in female pigs from the DS than in all other adult pigs. The highest OH–PCB concentrations were found in piglets from the DS. Moreover, the hepatic expression levels of CYP1A and CYP2B were higher in piglets than in their dam, implying metabolism of PCBs by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The OH–PCB congener profiles differed according to sex and collection sites, possibly because of variations in the expression levels of phase I and phase II enzymes among individual pigs, differences in the exposure sources, and maternal transfer of parent PCBs. The hepatic CYP1A expression levels were positively correlated with the blood concentrations of 4OH-CB107, 4OH-CB162, and 4OH-CB187, implying CYP1A-dependent formation of these OH–PCBs in the pig liver. We found no significant correlations between the blood concentrations of OH–PCBs and thyroid hormones (THs); however, the thyroxin (T4) levels were lower in pigs from the DS than in pigs from the RS. Our limited dataset suggest that induced CYP enzymes accelerate the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules in pigs. Thus, besides parental compounds, the risk of hydroxylated metabolites entering wildlife and humans living in and around municipal open Waste Dumping sites should be considered.
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dioxin like and perfluorinated compounds in pigs in an indian open Waste Dumping site toxicokinetics and effects on hepatic cytochrome p450 and blood plasma hormones
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: M Watanabe, Shinsuke Tanabe, Annamalai Subramanian, Tatsuya Kunisue, Lin Tao, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Hisato IwataAbstract:Dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) and perfluorinated compounds were measured in the livers of pigs (Sus scrofa) collected from an open Waste Dumping site in South India. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; up to 200 ng/g wet wt) were significantly higher in male and female pigs, respectively, collected from the Dumping site than in those from a reference site. Results suggest that Dumping sites are a source of DRCs and PFOS. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs in piglets were higher than in mothers, especially for the congeners with molecular weights in the range of 360 to 400, implying congener-specific maternal transfer of DRCs in swine. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and some non-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the liver of pigs were higher than those in the adipose fat and muscle of the same specimens. In addition, the liver-to-adipose concentration ratios for each congener had a significant positive correlation with the levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A-like protein, suggesting congener-specific and CYP1A-dependent hepatic sequestration of DRCs in the swine. Total hepatic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs; 8.9–350 pg/g fat wt) had a significant positive correlation with CYP1A-like protein expression (r = 0.56, p = 0.012), suggesting the induction of CYP1A by DRCs. However, the total TEQs had a significant negative correlation with CYP4A-like protein (r = −0.49, p = 0.029), suggesting repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-mediated signaling pathway by DRCs. Decreases in plasma total thyroxine (T4), free T4, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G were also found in pigs from the Dumping site compared with those from the reference site. This study provides insight into the toxicological impacts of DRCs and perfluorinated compounds in wild animals from open Waste Dumping sites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1551–1560. © 2010 SETAC
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bioaccumulation of organochlorines in crows from an indian open Waste Dumping site evidence for direct transfer of dioxin like congeners from the contaminated soil
Environmental Science & Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Michio X Watanabe, Hisato Iwata, Mafumi Watanabe, Shinsuke Tanabe, Annamalai Subramanian, Kumiko Yoneda, Takuma HashimotoAbstract:To assess the significance of Waste Dumping sites as a source of chemical contamination to ecosystems, we analyzed the residue levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organochlorines in the breast muscle of crows from a Dumping site in the south of Chennai city, South India. Crows from the Dumping site contained significantly higher total TEQs (60 ± 27 pg/g lipid wt) than those from the reference sites (26 ± 18 pg/g lipid wt). Especially, certain dioxin-like coplanar PCB congeners (Co-PCBs), such as CB-77 and CB-105, whose source is commercial PCBs, were significantly higher in crows from the Dumping site than those from the reference sites. Profiles of PCDDs/DFs and Co-PCBs in crows from the Dumping site were similar to those of soil at the same site, which was confirmed by principal component analysis. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were obtained between the congener-specific bioconcentration ...
Shinsuke Tanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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organohalogens and their hydroxylated metabolites in the blood of pigs from an open Waste Dumping site in south india association with hepatic cytochrome p450
Environmental Research, 2015Co-Authors: Hazuki Mizukawa, Hisato Iwata, Annamalai Subramanian, M Watanabe, Tatsuya Kunisue, Kei Nomiyama, Mayumi Ishizuka, Shinsuke TanabeAbstract:Abstract The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH–PCBs and OH–PBDEs) were measured in the blood of Eurasian wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from a municipal Waste open Dumping site (DS) and a reference site (RS) in South India. We showed that contamination with OH–PCBs was higher in female pigs from the DS than in all other adult pigs. The highest OH–PCB concentrations were found in piglets from the DS. Moreover, the hepatic expression levels of CYP1A and CYP2B were higher in piglets than in their dam, implying metabolism of PCBs by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The OH–PCB congener profiles differed according to sex and collection sites, possibly because of variations in the expression levels of phase I and phase II enzymes among individual pigs, differences in the exposure sources, and maternal transfer of parent PCBs. The hepatic CYP1A expression levels were positively correlated with the blood concentrations of 4OH-CB107, 4OH-CB162, and 4OH-CB187, implying CYP1A-dependent formation of these OH–PCBs in the pig liver. We found no significant correlations between the blood concentrations of OH–PCBs and thyroid hormones (THs); however, the thyroxin (T4) levels were lower in pigs from the DS than in pigs from the RS. Our limited dataset suggest that induced CYP enzymes accelerate the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules in pigs. Thus, besides parental compounds, the risk of hydroxylated metabolites entering wildlife and humans living in and around municipal open Waste Dumping sites should be considered.
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dioxin like and perfluorinated compounds in pigs in an indian open Waste Dumping site toxicokinetics and effects on hepatic cytochrome p450 and blood plasma hormones
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: M Watanabe, Shinsuke Tanabe, Annamalai Subramanian, Tatsuya Kunisue, Lin Tao, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Hisato IwataAbstract:Dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) and perfluorinated compounds were measured in the livers of pigs (Sus scrofa) collected from an open Waste Dumping site in South India. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; up to 200 ng/g wet wt) were significantly higher in male and female pigs, respectively, collected from the Dumping site than in those from a reference site. Results suggest that Dumping sites are a source of DRCs and PFOS. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs in piglets were higher than in mothers, especially for the congeners with molecular weights in the range of 360 to 400, implying congener-specific maternal transfer of DRCs in swine. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and some non-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the liver of pigs were higher than those in the adipose fat and muscle of the same specimens. In addition, the liver-to-adipose concentration ratios for each congener had a significant positive correlation with the levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A-like protein, suggesting congener-specific and CYP1A-dependent hepatic sequestration of DRCs in the swine. Total hepatic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs; 8.9–350 pg/g fat wt) had a significant positive correlation with CYP1A-like protein expression (r = 0.56, p = 0.012), suggesting the induction of CYP1A by DRCs. However, the total TEQs had a significant negative correlation with CYP4A-like protein (r = −0.49, p = 0.029), suggesting repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-mediated signaling pathway by DRCs. Decreases in plasma total thyroxine (T4), free T4, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G were also found in pigs from the Dumping site compared with those from the reference site. This study provides insight into the toxicological impacts of DRCs and perfluorinated compounds in wild animals from open Waste Dumping sites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1551–1560. © 2010 SETAC
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bioaccumulation of organochlorines in crows from an indian open Waste Dumping site evidence for direct transfer of dioxin like congeners from the contaminated soil
Environmental Science & Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Michio X Watanabe, Hisato Iwata, Mafumi Watanabe, Shinsuke Tanabe, Annamalai Subramanian, Kumiko Yoneda, Takuma HashimotoAbstract:To assess the significance of Waste Dumping sites as a source of chemical contamination to ecosystems, we analyzed the residue levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organochlorines in the breast muscle of crows from a Dumping site in the south of Chennai city, South India. Crows from the Dumping site contained significantly higher total TEQs (60 ± 27 pg/g lipid wt) than those from the reference sites (26 ± 18 pg/g lipid wt). Especially, certain dioxin-like coplanar PCB congeners (Co-PCBs), such as CB-77 and CB-105, whose source is commercial PCBs, were significantly higher in crows from the Dumping site than those from the reference sites. Profiles of PCDDs/DFs and Co-PCBs in crows from the Dumping site were similar to those of soil at the same site, which was confirmed by principal component analysis. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were obtained between the congener-specific bioconcentration ...
Jessica Owley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in private land conservation increasing complexity shifting conservation purposes and allowable private land uses
Land Use Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Jessica Owley, Adena R RissmanAbstract:The terrain of private-land conservation dealmaking is shifting. As the area of private land protected for conservation increases, it is time to understand trends in private-land conservation agreements. We examined 269 conservation easements and conducted 73 interviews with land conservation organizations to investigate changes in private-land conservation in the United States. We hypothesized that since 2000, conservation easements have become more complex but less restrictive. Our analysis reveals shifts in what it means for private land to be “conserved.” We found that conservation easements have indeed become more complex, with more purposes and terms after 2000 compared to conservation easements recorded before 2000. However, changes in restrictiveness of conservation easements varied by land use. Mining and Waste Dumping were less likely to be allowed after 2000, but new residences and structures were twice as likely to be allowed. We found a shift toward allowing some bounded timber harvest and grazing and a decline in terms that entirely allow or prohibit these working land uses. Interviews revealed staff perceptions of reasons for these changes. Our analysis suggests that “used” landscapes are increasingly important for conservation but that conserving these properties stretches the limits of simple, perpetual policy tools and requires increasingly complex and contingent agreements.
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trends in private land conservation increasing complexity shifting conservation purposes and allowable private land uses
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Jessica Owley, Adena R RissmanAbstract:The terrain of private-land conservation dealmaking is shifting. As the number of acres of private land protected for conservation increases, our understanding of what it means for a property to be "conserved" is shifting. We examined 269 conservation easements and conducted 73 interviews with land conservation organizations to investigate changes in private-land conservation in the United States. We hypothesized that since 2000, conservation easements have become more complex but less restrictive. Our analysis reveals shifts in what it means for private land to be "conserved." We found that conservation easements have indeed become more complex, with more purposes and terms after 2000 compared to conservation easements recorded before 2000. However, changes in restrictiveness of conservation easements varied by land use. Mining and Waste Dumping were less likely to be allowed after 2000, but new residences and structures were twice as likely to be allowed. We found a shift toward allowing some bounded timber harvest and grazing, and a decline in terms that entirely allow or prohibit these working land uses. Interviews revealed staff perceptions of reasons for these changes. Our analysis suggests that "used" landscapes are increasingly important for conservation but that conserving these properties stretches the limits of simple, perpetual policy tools and requires increasingly complex and contingent agreements.
