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Muhamad, Ilham Aji Fahlefi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RETAKNYA KRAN DI SISTEM HIDROLIK MOORING Winch DI KM. TANTO CERIA
2020Co-Authors: Muhamad, Ilham Aji FahlefiAbstract:Intisari- Mooring Winch adalah perlengkapan tambar yang umum digunakan di kapal. mooring Winch terdiri dari beberapa komponen pendukung. Winch barrel atau di sebut juga drum di gunakan untuk menggulung sling baja atau tali tambat sehingga kapal dapat tertambat kuat ke darat. Fishbone analysis digunakan peneliti dalam menjabarkan faktor permasalahan yang menyebabkan adanya kerusakan gearbox hoisting dan USG Analysis untuk menentukan faktor permasalahan yang menjadi prioritas utama serta memiliki rangking tertinggi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan Retaknya kran di system hidrolik Mooring Winch di KM. Tanto Ceria, yaitu faktor mesin meliputi tertutupnya kran di system hidrolik, faktor manusia yaitu akibat kelalaian masinis dalam melkukan perawatan, faktor metode yaitu Kesalahan pada prosedur pengoperasian, serta faktor Material yaitu Kelelahan pada bahan
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IDENTIFIKASI RETAKNYA KRAN DI SISTEM HIDROLIK MOORING Winch DI KM. TANTO CERIA
2020Co-Authors: Muhamad, Ilham Aji FahlefiAbstract:INTISARI Muhamad Ilham Aji Fahlefi, 531611206088 T, 2020, “Identifikasi Retaknya Kran Di Sistem Hidrolik Mooring Winch di KM. Tanto Ceria”, Program Diploma IV, Teknika, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang. Dosen Pembimbing I : H. MUSTHOLIQ, MM, M.Mar.E dan dosen Pembimbing II : PURWANTONO, S.Psi, M.Pd. Mooring Winch adalah perlengkapan tambar yang umum digunakan di kapal. mooring Winch terdiri dari beberapa komponen pendukung. Winch barrel atau di sebut juga drum di gunakan untuk menggulung sling baja atau tali tambat sehingga kapal dapat tertambat kuat ke darat. warp end di gunakan ketika menggerakan kapal menggunakan tali atau kawat baja yang diikatkan pada bollard di darat dan menggulungnya di sekitar warp end dari Winch. pemakaian secara beban penuh dari mesin penggulung tali atau capstan dan pada mooring Winch bervariasi antara 3 sampai 30 ton pada kecepatan penarikan tali sebesar 0,3 sampai 0,6 m/s. kecepatan pada kondisi beban penuh di lipat gandakan untuk dapat mengatasi kemungkinan terjadinya tali terhambat sesuatu. ukuran dari wire rope yang di gunakan pada drum di tentukan berdasarkan berat tali baja yang dapat di tangani oleh seorang awak kapal, yaitu maksimum dengan diameter 140 mm. Dalam menganalisis permasalahan ini menggunakan rumusan masalah yaitu apa faktor penyebab, apa dampak dari faktor penyebab, dan bagaimana upaya untuk menangani dampak dari faktor penyebab permasalahan tersebut, dengan menggunakan metode atau pendekatan kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam menganalisis permasalahan yaitu menggunkan teknik observasi (pengamatan), wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan Retaknya kran di system hidrolik Mooring Winch di KM. Tanto Ceria, yaitu faktor mesin meliputi tertutupnya kran di system hidrolik, faktor manusia yaitu akibat kelalaian masinis dalam melkukan perawatan, faktor metode yaitu Kesalahan pada prosedur pengoperasian, serta faktor Material yaitu Kelelahan pada bahan. Agar Kran di system hidrolik dapat beroperasi normal kembali, maka perlu dilakukan di matikannya setrum mooring Winch, mengganti kran yang rusak dengan kran yang baru, melakukan pengecekan terhadap kekencangan mur dan baut, serta melakukan pengecekan handle kran pakah dapat membuka menutup dengan lancar atau tida
Genshe Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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FUZZY P+ID Controller for a Constant Tension Winch in a Cable Laying System
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017Co-Authors: Qi Chen, Wei Li, Genshe ChenAbstract:A constant tension towing Winch maintains constant towing rope tension between the cable ship and the cable laying machine. In this paper, an active constant tension controller based upon a hybrid FUZZY P+ID strategy is proposed to improve the performance yield of the conventional PID controller that was implemented on the towing Winch. The FUZZY P+ID controller replaces the P item of the conventional PID with the FUZZY P item, but the I and D items remain unchanged. The comparative studies of the FUZZY P+ID and traditional PID controllers were conducted, and the numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed FUZZY P+ID controller is superior to that of the PID controller. The proposed FUZZY P+ID controller was implemented in the constant tension towing Winch to substitute for the existing PID controller. The real applications for driving the submarine cable laying ship under harsh undersea conditions demonstrated the robustness of the FUZZY P+ID for a number of unmeasurable disturbances, such as the buoyancy, the drag force, and wave effects.
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Development of a dynamic model for a constant tension Winch
OCEANS 2015 - MTS IEEE Washington, 2015Co-Authors: Qi Chen, Wei Zhang, Wei Li, Xiaohui Wang, Jiancheng Yu, Saeed Jafarzadeh, Yan Li, Shou Li, Genshe ChenAbstract:Developing an effective controller for a towing Winch is very important to maintain constant towing rope tension between a submarine cable burying machine and a cable ship. A valve-controlled hydro-motor system for the towing Winch is a highly nonlinear and time varying system due to the flow- pressure dynamics, oil leakage, oil temperature variation, etc. In this paper, we develop the dynamic model of the valve-controlled hydraulic Winch by linearizing its nonlinear dynamics at an operating point. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the developed model describes the dynamic relationship between input control signals from the electronic proportional valve and pull forces generated by hydro-motor well. We used the model to evaluate and analyze the PID and FUZZY P+ID controllers for the constant tension Winch that operates under sea waves with significant variations (peak-to-peak) from 1.5 to 2.5 meters.
Qi Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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FUZZY P+ID Controller for a Constant Tension Winch in a Cable Laying System
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017Co-Authors: Qi Chen, Wei Li, Genshe ChenAbstract:A constant tension towing Winch maintains constant towing rope tension between the cable ship and the cable laying machine. In this paper, an active constant tension controller based upon a hybrid FUZZY P+ID strategy is proposed to improve the performance yield of the conventional PID controller that was implemented on the towing Winch. The FUZZY P+ID controller replaces the P item of the conventional PID with the FUZZY P item, but the I and D items remain unchanged. The comparative studies of the FUZZY P+ID and traditional PID controllers were conducted, and the numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed FUZZY P+ID controller is superior to that of the PID controller. The proposed FUZZY P+ID controller was implemented in the constant tension towing Winch to substitute for the existing PID controller. The real applications for driving the submarine cable laying ship under harsh undersea conditions demonstrated the robustness of the FUZZY P+ID for a number of unmeasurable disturbances, such as the buoyancy, the drag force, and wave effects.
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Development of a dynamic model for a constant tension Winch
OCEANS 2015 - MTS IEEE Washington, 2015Co-Authors: Qi Chen, Wei Zhang, Wei Li, Xiaohui Wang, Jiancheng Yu, Saeed Jafarzadeh, Yan Li, Shou Li, Genshe ChenAbstract:Developing an effective controller for a towing Winch is very important to maintain constant towing rope tension between a submarine cable burying machine and a cable ship. A valve-controlled hydro-motor system for the towing Winch is a highly nonlinear and time varying system due to the flow- pressure dynamics, oil leakage, oil temperature variation, etc. In this paper, we develop the dynamic model of the valve-controlled hydraulic Winch by linearizing its nonlinear dynamics at an operating point. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the developed model describes the dynamic relationship between input control signals from the electronic proportional valve and pull forces generated by hydro-motor well. We used the model to evaluate and analyze the PID and FUZZY P+ID controllers for the constant tension Winch that operates under sea waves with significant variations (peak-to-peak) from 1.5 to 2.5 meters.
Wei Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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FUZZY P+ID Controller for a Constant Tension Winch in a Cable Laying System
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017Co-Authors: Qi Chen, Wei Li, Genshe ChenAbstract:A constant tension towing Winch maintains constant towing rope tension between the cable ship and the cable laying machine. In this paper, an active constant tension controller based upon a hybrid FUZZY P+ID strategy is proposed to improve the performance yield of the conventional PID controller that was implemented on the towing Winch. The FUZZY P+ID controller replaces the P item of the conventional PID with the FUZZY P item, but the I and D items remain unchanged. The comparative studies of the FUZZY P+ID and traditional PID controllers were conducted, and the numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed FUZZY P+ID controller is superior to that of the PID controller. The proposed FUZZY P+ID controller was implemented in the constant tension towing Winch to substitute for the existing PID controller. The real applications for driving the submarine cable laying ship under harsh undersea conditions demonstrated the robustness of the FUZZY P+ID for a number of unmeasurable disturbances, such as the buoyancy, the drag force, and wave effects.
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Development of a dynamic model for a constant tension Winch
OCEANS 2015 - MTS IEEE Washington, 2015Co-Authors: Qi Chen, Wei Zhang, Wei Li, Xiaohui Wang, Jiancheng Yu, Saeed Jafarzadeh, Yan Li, Shou Li, Genshe ChenAbstract:Developing an effective controller for a towing Winch is very important to maintain constant towing rope tension between a submarine cable burying machine and a cable ship. A valve-controlled hydro-motor system for the towing Winch is a highly nonlinear and time varying system due to the flow- pressure dynamics, oil leakage, oil temperature variation, etc. In this paper, we develop the dynamic model of the valve-controlled hydraulic Winch by linearizing its nonlinear dynamics at an operating point. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the developed model describes the dynamic relationship between input control signals from the electronic proportional valve and pull forces generated by hydro-motor well. We used the model to evaluate and analyze the PID and FUZZY P+ID controllers for the constant tension Winch that operates under sea waves with significant variations (peak-to-peak) from 1.5 to 2.5 meters.
Holger M Koch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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non phthalate plasticizers in german daycare centers and human biomonitoring of dinch metabolites in children attending the centers lupe 3
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2016Co-Authors: Hermann Fromme, Andre Schutze, Holger M Koch, Thomas Lahrz, Martin Kraft, Ludwig Fembacher, S Siewering, R Burkardt, S Dietrich, Wolfgang VolkelAbstract:Plasticizers have been widely used for decades as additives in diverse applications, including consumer and building products, toys, cables, and floorings. Due to toxicological concerns and restrictions of different dialkyl ortho-phthalates, other plasticizers have been increasingly used in recent years. Therefore, di-isononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC), and trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM) plasticizer levels in indoor air and dust samples from 63 daycare centers in Germany were measured. Moreover, the urine samples of 208 children who attend 27 of these facilities were analyzed for the presence of four DINCH metabolites. DINCH, DEHT, and DEHA were present in indoor air with median values of 108 ng/m(3), 20 ng/m(3), and 34 ng/m(3), respectively. Median values of 302 mg/kg for DINCH, 49 mg/kg for DEHA, 40 mg/kg for DEHT, and 24 mg/kg ATBC were found in dust. In the urine samples, the three secondary metabolites of DINCH were observed with median values (95th percentiles) of 1.7 μg/l (10.0 μg/l) for OH-MINCH, 1.5 μg/l (8.0 μg/l) for oxo-MINCH, and 1.1 μg/l (6.1 μg/l) for cx-MINCH. Overall, these metabolite levels are orders of magnitude lower than the current HBM I values set by the German Human Biomonitoring Commission. Using general exposure assumptions, the intake resulting from dust ingestion and inhalation is low for children. The total daily DINCH intake calculated from biomonitoring data was 0.5 μg/kg b.w. using median values and 9.8 μg/kg b.w. as the maximum value. At present, non-phthalate plasticizers, especially DINCH, can be found in considerable amounts in dust samples from daycare centers and as DINCH metabolites in the urine of children. In relation to previous studies, the concentrations of DINCH in dust and urine have an increasing time trend. Compared with tolerable daily intake values, the total daily intake of DINCH reached only 1% of its maximum value to date; however, due to its increased use, higher exposure of DINCH is expected in the future.
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entering markets and bodies increasing levels of the novel plasticizer hexamoll dinch in 24 h urine samples from the german environmental specimen bank
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2014Co-Authors: Andre Schutze, Thomas Bruning, Marike Kolossagehring, Petra Apel, Holger M KochAbstract:DINCH (diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate) was introduced into the world market in 2002 as a non-aromatic plasticizer and phthalate substitute. We analyzed 300 urine samples (24 h voids) of the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB for Human tissues, ESB Hum) for specific DINCH metabolites by on-line HPLC–MS/MS with isotope dilution quantification. Urine samples of the ESB Hum were from the years 1999, 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012, chosen to investigate the appearance and a possible trend of DINCH exposure since its market introduction. No DINCH metabolites were detected in the 1999 and 2003 samples. From 2006 on, the percentage of samples with DINCH metabolites above the LOQ increased significantly over the years (7% in 2006, 43% in 2009 and 98% in 2012). The cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-mono(hydroxy-isononyl) ester (OH-MINCH) was the predominant metabolite. Median (and 95th percentile) concentrations (in μg/l) increased from 0.75, p < 0.001). The median (95th percentile) DINCH intake in 2012 was calculated to be 0.14 (1.07) μg/kg body weight/day which is considerably below daily intakes currently deemed tolerable. DINCH is regarded to have a preferred toxicological profile over certain anti-androgenic phthalates. The continuation of DINCH measurements in the ESB Hum and other human biomonitoring studies like the German Environmental Survey (GerES) allows tracking the development of DINCH body burdens, the distribution of exposure levels and daily intakes, providing basic data for future toxicological assessment and further epidemiological studies.
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quantification of biomarkers of environmental exposure to di isononyl cyclohexane 1 2 dicarboxylate dinch in urine via hplc ms ms
Journal of Chromatography B, 2012Co-Authors: Andre Schutze, Claudia Palmke, Jurgen Angerer, Tobias Weiss, Thomas Bruning, Holger M KochAbstract:Abstract Di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) is a major substitute for some high molecular weight phthalates that adversely affect reproductive function. Like for the phthalates a broad exposure of the population has to be expected. We postulated the DINCH monoester (MINCH) and secondary oxidized metabolites (OH-MINCH, cx-MINCH and oxo-MINCH) as human metabolites and possible biomarkers of DINCH exposure. We developed an on-line HPLC–MS/MS method for their determination in human urine. Identification was performed with authentic standard substances and quantification via isotope dilution. The analytical method is highly selective and sensitive with limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.05 μg/l and 0.1 μg/l. In a pilot study with 22 volunteers from the general German population oxidized DINCH metabolites were found in above 80% of the samples. OH-MINCH was most abundant (mean 0.71 μg/l; maximum 3.69 μg/l) followed by cx-MINCH (0.61 μg/l; 2.82 μg/l) and oxo-MINCH (0.33 μg/l; 1.05 μg/l). All three oxidized metabolites correlated strongly among each other (ρ ≥ 0.76). MINCH was detected in one sample only and has to be regarded a weak marker of exposure. With this analytical method we are able to perform human metabolism studies to provide metabolic conversion factors and to investigate the extent of DINCH exposure in the general population.
