The Experts below are selected from a list of 20331 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
R A Wojtkiewicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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labor market areas household structure and race an examination of Womens Participation in the labor force
1992Co-Authors: F A Deseran, R A WojtkiewiczAbstract:In examining black and white Womens labor market decisions the extent to which the likelihood of entry into the labor force (LF) may affected by the labor market household and individual characteristics is explored. The theory of Tienda et al ethnic job queues is the catalyst for the models. A sample of 270234 women 18-65 years for 382 labor market areas (LMAs) was selected from the 1980 Public Use Microdata Sample D file (PUMS-D) and additional labor market variables for 1975-80 were obtained from the 1988 County Statistics Files (CO-STAT-3) US Census and aggregated to match the LMA geographic regions. The dependent variable is full time employment. Racial composition is construed to be the % of blacks above or below a mean. Economic performance is measured as growth of civilian employment of nonfarm private payroll income/capita and the rate of unemployment and converted from the summation of rank values into Z values. Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan status of LMAs follows the schema of Tolbert and Killian. The Browning and Singelmann industrial schema is also used. Regions included the south west north central and northeast. Household composition included married with children at home married and no children at home single with children at home and single with no children at home. Individual variables were whites and blacks and whether a high school graduate or not. Bivariate and descriptive analyses were performed. The findings related to queuing are that local market labor conditions do affect Womens LF Participation and differently for whites and blacks i.e. white women benefit more from good labor market conditions. Also household composition affects LF Participation. Marriage is usually associated with a drop in LF Participation among white women. Finally education had a strong and positive relationship to employment. Racial differences showed that black women had lower odds of employment compared with white women. Having a high school degree increases the odds of being employed. In the interactive model black women with lower education had lower employment than white women. However black women with high school degrees had higher levels of employment that white women.
Li J - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Easterlin's fertility theory and population adjustment and regulation in rural China.
Chinese journal of population science, 1997Co-Authors: Li JAbstract:The author considers some approaches which could be used to solve Chinas rural population problems through integrating Easterlins fertility theory and certain characteristics of changes in Chinas rural population fertility. American demographer R.A. Easterlin conceptualized the meaning of fertility revolution with consideration of the overall modernization process. His theory is described. However both effective family planning policies and attention to the impact of non-policy factors upon fertility changes are needed to resolve Chinas rural population problems. Community development and Womens Participation in Luo Chuan and Yong Shou Shaanxi Province; the establishment of a social security support system for the elderly in Shandong Province; collective economy and rural urbanization in Southern Jiangsu Province; and improving the quality of family planning technical services are discussed.
Michael A Koenig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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employment in family planning and Womens status the personal transformation of community workers
1990Co-Authors: Ruth Simmons, Rezina Mita, Michael A KoenigAbstract:Family planning programs are assumed to have a liberating effect on women through their provision of the opportunity to control reproduction. Another rarely mentioned gain involves the opportunities such programs have provided for female employment and Womens Participation in development. The latter benefits were examined in a series of focus group discussions conducted in 1987-88 in Bangladeshs Matlab family planning project area. The discussions included 44 of the 65 female fieldworkers who have been with the Matlab project since 1980 community women educated women fieldworkers husbands and community leaders. Traditionally Bangladeshi women are expected to gain their status through their husbands and restrict their activities to family roles. Thus employment as a Matlab fieldworker thrusts women into a range of activities totally inconsistent with the tradition of female seclusion and isolation. The interviews indicated that Bangladeshi fieldworkers have been able to avoid stigmatization and hostility by departing from social convention only in their role as worker. Even on the job care is taken to demonstrate politeness modesty in dress and language and strictly professional behavior with men. Initial resistance to these female employees was compounded by their advocacy of fertility control; however as the community came to appreciate the economic and health benefits of smaller family size the female Matlab workers gained professional status and respect. At this time the prestige of these employees extends beyond their formally defined role in health and family planning; these women have become community leaders who are regarded as a resource on a range of social issues and as role models for younger women. Although revolutionary these changes occurred through a process of accommodation and reform rather than confrontation and radical change.
K Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transformative politics dimensions of Womens Participation in panchayati raj
Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 1998Co-Authors: K SharmaAbstract:This article explores how affirmative actions to increase the political representation of women in India have been translated into actual practice. The introduction defines the issue and notes that the struggle of Indian women involves a wide spectrum of issues and that while there was scant controversy over the enactment of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments that reserved a third of seats for women in local governing bodies the 81st Constitutional Amendment which attempted to do the same for the national governing bodies has stalled. Next the article reviews the debate on reservation that has occupied the Womens movement for more than 70 years and notes that the 73rd Amendment led to increased debate on the possibilities problems and efficacy of quotas for women. The article continues by tracing the history of Indias "little republics" or "panchayats" and by describing 1) Womens Participation in panchayats 2) special problems encountered in the tribal areas and 3) Womens experiences after passage of the 73rd amendment. It is concluded that since political power will remain meaningless until inequalities are resolved the important question is whether affirmative action will bring about the required redistribution of power and resources. This article argues that the 73rd Amendment has precipitated important changes in the democratic process but that women must exceed the "numbers game" to achieve larger goals.
P Bajpai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Womens Participation in panchayati raj for improving health status a case for uttar pradesh
The Journal of family welfare, 2002Co-Authors: R Sinha, A Singh, P BajpaiAbstract:Popular Participation viewed from "within" by people themselves in terms of heightened awareness self-policies determination and expanded control over their own community is itself an objective of development process. This can be strengthened by developing "a highly decentralised non-bureaucratic intercultural network of persons and groups" which could help different groups to leam from each other in improving their own life support system. (Misra: 2002 395). The new PRI provide an institutional mechanism for peoples Participation at the local level. However the decentralisation of health programmes without creating a conducive social environment can be a dangerous process. Womens needs for accessible and appropriate health care should be considered important for planning health infrastructure as well as for levying user charges (as suggested by NHP 2002). Finally if we have to make gender planning of health realistic it is important that local women are accompanied (and not led) by health planners social scientists and others; they receive timely and appropriate information and skills and they make decisions leading to modifications changes in their present situations. (excerpt)
