The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Devaki Jain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maternal employment and changes in family dynamics the social context of women s Work in rural south india
Population and Development Review, 1994Co-Authors: Sonalde Desai, Devaki JainAbstract:Research on the relationship between maternal nondomestic Work and child welfare has identified 2 mechanisms--a decline in mothers time with children and an increase in her control over resources--through which maternal Work influences child welfare the 1st in a negative direction the 2nd in a positive one. Results from a household survey in rural south India suggest a need for grounding this research in a wider institutional context. When pervasive poverty and lack of access to modern conveniences are taken into account mothers who do not Work in the market in fact devote much time to domestic activities. Regardless of maternal employment therefore most children spend several hours/day in the care of older siblings or grandmothers. Thus the view that maternal employment exposes children to inferior alternate care is incorrect. Similarly although the literature assumes that Womens access to an independent cash income increases their control over family resources and thereby increases the resources directed to children the findings presented here show that in a climate of crop failures and seasonal fluctuations in income many families rely on Womens Work on the family farm and mens Work in wage labor to stabilize family income. In fact Womens Work on the family farm not only contributes to family income but also releases male Workers to participate in the cash economy hence to benefit the family as a whole. (authors)
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Womens employment and child welfare the social context of Womens Work in rural south india
1992Co-Authors: Sonalde Desai, Devaki JainAbstract:While much research has been directed toward gender inequality within the family and expect for education relatively little attention has been directed toward gender inequality within other social and political institutions and the interaction between gender inequality and other forms of inequality within a society. This limitation results in a prescription for change within the family (where government fears to tread) without addressing inequality within the overall social structure where government can reduce Womens dependency by altering the economic environment. This paper examines the relationship between mothers employment and child welfare within the context of gender inequality in the labor market poverty and lack of access to infrastructure (e.g. running water and fuel) in rural South India using household surveys. Because of the assumed decrease in time available to care for young children (a negative impact) when women pursue employment (a positive impact because female income means more income spent on the children) economic programs have mistakenly focused on "traditional" skills (e.g. knitting) that are labor intensive low paying and ignores a Womens other domestic responsibilities--collecting firewood cooking and cleaning. The domestic responsibilities may pose a greater impediment to child care responsibilities than participation in economic activities. The results of the survey argue for a greater recognition of the economic importance of rural Womens economic activities which are typically dismissed as being solely domestic or as extensions of domestic Work. Statistically invisible Work on the family farm for example contributes income as well as releases men to participate in the cash economy benefiting the family as a whole but reducing the Womens bargaining power within the family and perpetuating the discrimination against women caused in part by inequality in the political process where men receive higher pay.
Sonalde Desai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maternal employment and changes in family dynamics the social context of women s Work in rural south india
Population and Development Review, 1994Co-Authors: Sonalde Desai, Devaki JainAbstract:Research on the relationship between maternal nondomestic Work and child welfare has identified 2 mechanisms--a decline in mothers time with children and an increase in her control over resources--through which maternal Work influences child welfare the 1st in a negative direction the 2nd in a positive one. Results from a household survey in rural south India suggest a need for grounding this research in a wider institutional context. When pervasive poverty and lack of access to modern conveniences are taken into account mothers who do not Work in the market in fact devote much time to domestic activities. Regardless of maternal employment therefore most children spend several hours/day in the care of older siblings or grandmothers. Thus the view that maternal employment exposes children to inferior alternate care is incorrect. Similarly although the literature assumes that Womens access to an independent cash income increases their control over family resources and thereby increases the resources directed to children the findings presented here show that in a climate of crop failures and seasonal fluctuations in income many families rely on Womens Work on the family farm and mens Work in wage labor to stabilize family income. In fact Womens Work on the family farm not only contributes to family income but also releases male Workers to participate in the cash economy hence to benefit the family as a whole. (authors)
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Womens employment and child welfare the social context of Womens Work in rural south india
1992Co-Authors: Sonalde Desai, Devaki JainAbstract:While much research has been directed toward gender inequality within the family and expect for education relatively little attention has been directed toward gender inequality within other social and political institutions and the interaction between gender inequality and other forms of inequality within a society. This limitation results in a prescription for change within the family (where government fears to tread) without addressing inequality within the overall social structure where government can reduce Womens dependency by altering the economic environment. This paper examines the relationship between mothers employment and child welfare within the context of gender inequality in the labor market poverty and lack of access to infrastructure (e.g. running water and fuel) in rural South India using household surveys. Because of the assumed decrease in time available to care for young children (a negative impact) when women pursue employment (a positive impact because female income means more income spent on the children) economic programs have mistakenly focused on "traditional" skills (e.g. knitting) that are labor intensive low paying and ignores a Womens other domestic responsibilities--collecting firewood cooking and cleaning. The domestic responsibilities may pose a greater impediment to child care responsibilities than participation in economic activities. The results of the survey argue for a greater recognition of the economic importance of rural Womens economic activities which are typically dismissed as being solely domestic or as extensions of domestic Work. Statistically invisible Work on the family farm for example contributes income as well as releases men to participate in the cash economy benefiting the family as a whole but reducing the Womens bargaining power within the family and perpetuating the discrimination against women caused in part by inequality in the political process where men receive higher pay.
D S Degraff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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poverty marital status and young Womens Work in sri lanka
1994Co-Authors: A Malhotra, D S DegraffAbstract:Survey data from 1992 among a sample of 577 currently married women and 812 never married women aged 18-33 years in Kalutara district Sri Lanka are used to examine the effects of poverty class structure and gender inequality on Womens employment activities. Marital status is considered an aspect of Womens role that mediates the process through which socioeconomic status (ownership of consumer durables) affects employment status. Analysis is based on the construction of a standard reduced-form model of Womens employment (single women separately from married women) in the paid labor force. Activity is a function of socioeconomic class poverty status Womens personal characteristics household structure cultural ideology and urban residence. Analysis includes a detailed description of how women acquire jobs and spend their earnings. It is expected that differences by class and marital status would vary with the motivations for paid Work the importance of appropriate resources and the ability to use the system in obtaining jobs and the relevance of Womens Work to personal and family goals. Findings indicate that 28% of single women and only 11% of married women were employed. Almost 40% of women had more than a 10th grade education (48% of single women and 26% of married women). 81% of married women were mothers. 6% lived in very poor households. 46% of poor single women were employed compared to 24-29% among other classes. Among married women poor and very wealthy women had the highest employment rates. Multivariate results supported the bivariate results. Poverty increased the odds of paid Work among single women and the U-shaped pattern among married women. In wealthy families employment roles differed between unmarried daughters and married women. None of the women in the sample gave their entire income to the family. The contribution of Womens wages to family income varied by social class. Poor single and poor married women were most likely to contribute their wages for family needs. Wealthy married women also contributed to family needs. Daughters in wealthy families kept their own money. Better educated married women were more likely to Work. Mothers were less likely to Work. The likelihood of employment varied by marital status and family and social factors.
J Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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education in the making of Womens Work history the role of government and household in korea
Asian Journal of Womens Studies, 1997Co-Authors: J ChungAbstract:This paper aims to explore the ways in which education influences Work trajectories of young women Working at factories. Life histories of fifteen Korean Working women and their family members were collected and analyzed. The findings suggest that the level and type of Womens education is affected both by household and government. In the absence of complete educational support by the government to all citizens Womens schooling is affected by the dynamics of gender familial life cycles and perceptions and decisions relating to childrens education. Educational levels of sons and daughters at the household level reveal an unequal allocation of resources by parents resulting in lower educational levels of daughters. Womens lower educational qualifications compared to those of men are usual unless their families resources are sufficient to provide all children equal opportunities or if their brothers leave home. Furthermore the type of high school and curriculum for women are based on underlying assumptions of gender. These notions and practices exclude women from many job options and steer them towards occupations that are considered to be Womens Work. Depending on the level of education women have four different Work trajectories within the manufacturing sector. (authors)
Padma Rao Sahib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sterilisation and the Work Careers of Women‡
2014Co-Authors: Padma Rao SahibAbstract:SOM-theme D Demographic and geographic environment. This paper uses Canadian data to study the relationship between sterilisation and the Work careers of women. The study is motivated by the observation that childbearing and child rearing are the main reasons for the intermittency of Womens ’ Work. Sterilisation may be correlated with a change in the labour market behaviour of women because it ends childbearing. There are three main findings. First, among women with children, sterilised women are more likely to Work than non-sterilised women. Second, being sterilised is found to have a positive and significant effect on the earnings of women who had stopped Working in the past but has an insignificant effect on the earnings of continu-ously employed women. Third, sterilised women and non-sterilised women do not differ in the probability that they had previously stopped Working. How-ever, among sterilised women who are currently Working, most had experienced career interruptions that were initiated and completed before they became ster-ilised
