The Experts below are selected from a list of 2934 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jacinthe Michaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Political Discourses on Workfare and Feminist Debates On the Recognition of Unpaid Work
2004Co-Authors: Jacinthe MichaudAbstract:This arti cle p roposes a feminist cri tical analysis of t hree series of arguments that shaped political discourses in support of Workfare legislations during the 1990s in Canada: the restoration of work ethic; the improvement of self-esteem among welfare recipients; and the deregulation of the welfare system by imposing compulsory measures that will determine who among the poor deserve public assistance, particularly Workfare policies aimed at youths and teenage mothers. R E S U ME Cet article propose une analyse critique feministe de trois series d’arguments qui ont forme les discours politiques en appui aux lois le programme intitule Workfare, au cours des annees 90, la restauration de l'etique professionnelle, la hausse de l'estime chez les prestataires de bien-etre social; et la dereglementation du systeme de bien-etre social en imposant des mesures forcees qui vont determiner qui parmi les pauvres, merite l'aide sociale, particulierement les politiques du Workfare qui visent les jeunes et les meres adolescentes.
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Feminist Representation(s) of Women Living on Welfare: The Case of Workfare and the Erosion of Volunteer Time*
The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 2004Co-Authors: Jacinthe MichaudAbstract:This article intends to show, first, how feminist interpretations of women's needs in the context of Workfare are formed through social interactions within community groups. Second, we demonstrate that these interactions are happening within a context of a public policy that is reshaping volunteer work and volunteer time within the community sector by requiring that women living on welfare transform their volunteer work into compulsory work and by asking community groups to accept Workfare placements, which result in the displacement of volunteer workers and transform the meaning of volunteer work itself. The article ends with a discussion on the intermediary status of women's groups, as well as the evolution of women's needs representation within the public/political sphere. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Martin Ravallion - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Workfare versus transfers in rural india
World Development, 2018Co-Authors: Arthur Aliklagrange, Martin RavallionAbstract:Prevailing methods for evaluating Workfare schemes are inconsistent with the arguments made for Workfare in poor rural economies. Those arguments emphasize the existence of higher involuntary underemployment among the poor and the fact that the type of work provided by these schemes gives disutility, deterring non-poor households from participating. To include these features, the consumption-based welfare metric used in past assessments of Workfare schemes in underemployed developing countries is generalized to incorporate a welfare loss from casual manual work, while allowing the government to independently value the work done for other reasons. Using data for India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), the paper shows that the policy ranking switches in favor of a basic-income guarantee (BIG) over Workfare. Allowing for a welfare loss from casual manual labor implies a more “poor-poor” targeting performance, but this is not sufficient to compensate for the direct welfare loss from the work requirement for plausible parameter values. A BIG dominates NREGS for a given total outlay on Workfare wages.
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inconsistent policy evaluation a case study for a large Workfare program
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2015Co-Authors: Arthur Aliklagrange, Martin RavallionAbstract:Evaluations of Workfare programs in poor rural economies have typically ignored two features that policy makers stress: involuntary unemployment and the expected welfare losses from work requirements. The paper generalizes past evaluation theory and methods to incorporate both features, and shows that doing so can switch the policy ranking in favor of welfare over Workfare. A case study for India’s massive National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme indicates lower impacts on poverty than suggested by past methods, despite a more “poor-poor” incidence. A basic-income guarantee would dominate net Workfare earnings in terms of the impact on poverty for a given budgetary outlay.
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Is Workfare Cost-Effective against Poverty in a Poor Labor-Surplus Economy? - Is Workfare Cost-effective against Poverty in a Poor Labor-Surplus Economy?
The World Bank Economic Review, 2013Co-Authors: Rinku Murgai, Martin Ravallion, Dominique Van De WalleAbstract:Workfare schemes impose work requirements on beneficiaries. This has seemed an attractive idea for self-targeting transfers to poor people. This incentive argument does not imply, however, that Workfare is more cost-effective against poverty than even poorly-targeted options, given hidden costs of participation. In particular, even poor Workfare participants in a labor-surplus economy can be expected to have some forgone income when they take up such a scheme. A survey-based method is used to assess the cost-effectiveness of India's Employment Guarantee Scheme in Bihar. Participants are found to have forgone earnings, although these fall well short of market wages on average. Factoring in these hidden costs, the paper finds that for the same budget, Workfare has less impact on poverty than either a basic-income scheme (providing the same transfer to all) or uniform transfers based on the government's below-poverty-line ration cards. For Workfare to dominate other options, it would have to work better in practice. Reforms would need to reduce the substantial unmet demand for work, close the gap between stipulated wages and wages received, and ensure that Workfare is productive -- that the assets created are of value to poor people. Cost-effectiveness would need to be reassessed at the implied higher levels of funding.
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is Workfare cost effective against poverty in a poor labor surplus economy
The World Bank Economic Review, 2013Co-Authors: Rinku Murgai, Martin Ravallion, Dominique Van De WalleAbstract:Workfare schemes impose work requirements on beneficiaries. This has seemed an attractive idea for self-targeting transfers to poor people. This incentive argument does not imply, however, that Workfare is more cost-effective against poverty than even poorly-targeted options, given hidden costs of participation. In particular, even poor Workfare participants in a labor-surplus economy can be expected to have some forgone income when they take up such a scheme. A survey-based method is used to assess the cost-effectiveness of India's Employment Guarantee Scheme in Bihar. Participants are found to have forgone earnings, although these fall well short of market wages on average. Factoring in these hidden costs, the paper finds that for the same budget, Workfare has less impact on poverty than either a basic-income scheme (providing the same transfer to all) or uniform transfers based on the government's below-poverty-line ration cards. For Workfare to dominate other options, it would have to work better in practice. Reforms would need to reduce the substantial unmet demand for work, close the gap between stipulated wages and wages received, and ensure that Workfare is productive -- that the assets created are of value to poor people. Cost-effectiveness would need to be reassessed at the implied higher levels of funding.
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do Workfare participants recover quickly from retrenchment
1999Co-Authors: Martin Ravallion, Emanuela Galasso, Teodoro Lazo, Ernesto PhilippAbstract:What happens to participants in a Workfare program--a program that imposes work requirements on welfare recipients--when that program is cut? The authors compare the incomes of Workfare participants in Argentina to those of nonparticipants and past participants after a severe contraction in aggregate outlays on the program. The authors find evidence of partial income replacement, such that those who left the program were able to make up one quarter of the gross Workfare wage within six months. This rises to half in 12 months. The estimates are unbiased in the presence of time-invariant errors from mismatching in the selection of the comparison group. Fully removing selection bias would probably yield even lower income replacement. Test results based on a second follow-up survey that valid inferences can be drawn about program impacts from the authors' measures of income replacement.
Hilmar Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Workfare praktikabel und gerecht
ifo Schnelldienst, 2007Co-Authors: Holger Bonin, Armin Falk, Hilmar SchneiderAbstract:Dieses Modell stellt das Niveau des Arbeitslosengeldes II nicht in Frage, macht aber seine Gewahrung von einer Gegenleistung in Form von Workfare (d.h. offentlich organisierter Vollzeitbeschaftigung) abhangig. Wer das Workfare-Angebot nicht annimmt, muss aber auf sein Arbeitslosengeld II verzichten.
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Workfare – praktikabel und gerecht
2007Co-Authors: Holger Bonin, Armin Falk, Hilmar SchneiderAbstract:Dieses Modell stellt das Niveau des Arbeitslosengeldes II nicht in Frage, macht aber seine Gewahrung von einer Gegenleistung in Form von Workfare (d.h. offentlich organisierter Vollzeitbeschaftigung) abhangig. Wer das Workfare-Angebot nicht annimmt, muss aber auf sein Arbeitslosengeld II verzichten.
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Workfare eine wirksame alternative zum kombilohn
Wirtschaftsdienst, 2006Co-Authors: Holger Bonin, Hilmar SchneiderAbstract:In the debate on in-work benefits in Germany it is often overlooked that such subsidies may only be effective if basic minimum income is remarkably decreased for those who are employable. However, proposals following this principle will hardly achieve political consensus as can be derived from reactions to the model of ifo or the board of economic advisors. IZA is therefore proposing Workfare as an effective alternative, which may accomplish a strong incentive for the acceptance of low paid jobs without having to cut the current welfare level. Simulations based on a micro-econometric labor supply model show that this could add to the workforce an additional number of 800,000 workers. Roughly the same effect could be achieved by the ifo model, however, at the expense of massive cuts of disposable income for welfare recipients. Hence, Workfare turns out as an efficient alternative. Moreover, there is no useful combination between in-work benefits based on the current welfare level and Workfare.
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Workfare: An Effective Alternative to the Combination Wages
2006Co-Authors: Holger Bonin, Hilmar SchneiderAbstract:In the debate on in-work benefits in Germany it is often overlooked that such subsidies may only be effective if basic minimum income is remarkably decreased for those who are employable. However, proposals following this principle will hardly achieve political consensus as can be derived from reactions to the model of ifo or the board of economic advisors. IZA is therefore proposing Workfare as an effective alternative, which may accomplish a strong incentive for the acceptance of low paid jobs without having to cut the current welfare level. Simulations based on a micro-econometric labor supply model show that this could add to the workforce an additional number of 800,000 workers. Roughly the same effect could be achieved by the ifo model, however, at the expense of massive cuts of disposable income for welfare recipients. Hence, Workfare turns out as an efficient alternative. Moreover, there is no useful combination between in-work benefits based on the current welfare level and Workfare.
Irene Dingeldey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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between Workfare and enablement the different paths to transformation of the welfare state a comparative analysis of activating labour market policies
European Journal of Political Research, 2007Co-Authors: Irene DingeldeyAbstract:. The concepts that address different paths to transformation of the welfare state as a ‘Workfare’, an ‘enabling’ or an ‘activating’ state share the idea that traditional welfare policies, mostly aiming at decommodification, are more and more replaced by social policies emphasising (re-)commodification. Activating labour market policy therefore is supposed to play a central role within the paradigm shift of welfare state policies. It is understood to involve a mix of the enforcement of labour market participation, the conditioning of rights and growing obligations of the individual at one side, and an increase of services in order to promote employability and restore social equity at the other. In this article, the different perceptions of the Workfare and the enabling state perspectives on the positive and negative aspects of activating policies are reconstructed as ‘pure forms’ in order to obtain theoretical standards against which the empirical cases of activating labour market policies in Denmark, the United Kingdom and Germany are characterised and compared. The actual reform path is described by a combination of two indicators: the strength of the Workfare and the strength of the enabling elements of the activating labour market policies. The evidence on activating labour market reforms confirms that in both dimensions a move in the same direction is taking place, but without producing growing convergence. Different welfare state types keep on producing different mixes of Workfare and enabling policies, leading to very different levels of decommodification and (re-)commodification. Thus, an ongoing divergence of policies also exists within the new paradigm of an activating labour market policy, although single countries seem to change their alignment to a particular welfare state type.
Evelien Tonkens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the fragility of self respect emotional labour of Workfare volunteering
Social Policy and Society, 2013Co-Authors: Thomas Kampen, Judith Elshout, Evelien TonkensAbstract:This article contributes to our empirical understanding of self-respect in rising meritocracies by focusing on the experiences of unemployed, low-skilled people recruited as Workfare volunteers in the Netherlands. As many theorists have argued, the long-term unemployed struggle to maintain self-esteem. We found that Workfare projects that introduce them to voluntary work can help them regain self-respect through four types of emotional labour: feeling respected through their newfound status, enjoying a craft, being able to perform in less stressful working environments, and taking pride in the meaning bestowed by voluntary work. But the emotional labour necessary to experience their situation more positively also increases the risk of experiencing negative emotions, thereby posing new threats to the fragile self-respect of unemployed citizens.
