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Christopher B Watkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Overview of 1-Methylcyclopropene Trials and Uses for Edible Horticultural Crops
2015Co-Authors: Christopher B WatkinsAbstract:horticultural industries, technology Abstract. The inhibitor of ethylene perception, 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), is the basis of a new technology that is increasingly being used to improve storage potential and maintain quality of fruit and vegetables. 1-MCP is registered for use on a number of crops, including apple, apricot, avocado, banana, broccoli, kiwifruit, pear, mango, melon, peach, nectarine, persimmon, plum, and tomato. The registered crop is often specific to country. The effects of 1-MCP on quality of these crops, as well as its effects on physiological disorders and pathological diseases, are reviewed.Most available literature on 1-MCP has focused on laboratory-based trials and little information exists about its effects on product quality at the commercial level. The apple is the most significant exception, being the first crop for which 1-MCP was used commercially and extensively around the world. The apple is a crop for which limited ripening after harvest is desirable. For many other fruit, successful commercialization of 1-MCP will require an appropriate balance between 1-MCP concentrations and exposure periods that will delay but not inhibit ripening. The effects of preharvest factors, cultivar, maturity, and postharvest practices are complex and will impact commercial success of 1-MCP-based technology. For leafy or nonfruit vegetables, the advantages of 1-MCP may only be apparent under abusive conditions such as high temperatures and exogenous ethylene exposure. Finally, commercial utilization of 1-MCP-based technology will be a function of the cost of its application relative to its benefits for each product
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repeated treatment of apple fruit with 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp prior to controlled atmosphere storage
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Jacqueline F Nock, Christopher B WatkinsAbstract:Abstract The effect of multiple 1-MCP treatments prior to the establishment of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the quality of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] was investigated. Fruit were harvested on three occasions over a 1 week period, and at each harvest cooled overnight and 1-MCP applied the following day. Fruit from the first or second harvests were treated again or for the first time when fruit from each successive harvest was treated. CA conditions were established after the last 1-MCP treatment and fruit were stored for up to 8 months. Delays in 1-MCP application generally resulted in progressively higher internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) at the time of treatment and lower firmness both at the time of treatment and after storage. Multiple 1-MCP applications kept IECs low and maintained firmness compared with single applications that were applied after 4 d. For ‘McIntosh’, external CO2 injury was more prevalent after storage if fruit were treated without delays after harvest for earlier harvests while later harvests were less affected. For ‘Empire’, flesh browning was more prevalent in fruit from later harvests and 1-MCP treated fruit had higher levels than untreated fruit. Either early 1-MCP treatment or multiple treatments reduced senescent breakdown in ‘McIntosh’, and core browning and greasiness in ‘Empire’.
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rapid 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp treatment and delayed controlled atmosphere storage of apples
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Christopher B Watkins, Jacqueline F NockAbstract:Abstract The quality of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] after treatment with 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and delayed controlled atmosphere (CA) storage has been investigated. For each cultivar, fruit from three orchard blocks were harvested in two growing regions. 1-MCP was applied after overnight cooling to 2 °C and CA conditions applied 2, 7 and 14 d after harvest. Quality of fruit was assessed after CA storage for 6 months plus 1 and 7 d at 20 °C. 1-MCP suppressed the internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) of the fruit during the14 d period before CA conditions were applied, but the extent of suppression was lower in fruit with high IECs at harvest. Untreated fruit of both ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ exposed to CA storage after 2 d maintained firmness levels similar to 1-MCP treated fruit, but only for 1 d of shelf life. 1-MCP treatment resulted in firm fruit after delayed CA up to 14 d, but the most consistent effects were found in ‘Empire’ which has lower IECs than ‘McIntosh’. Orchard block differences in IEC affected the persistence of 1-MCP effects on firmness. Effects of 1-MCP treatment on storage disorders were inconsistent, although slight increases in risk of external carbon dioxide injury were detected. Rapid treatment of fruit with 1-MCP after harvest can afford storage operators more freedom to delay CA storage application, but attention to cultivar, fruit maturity and susceptibility of fruit to storage disorders must be considered.
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Overview of 1-Methylcyclopropene Trials and Uses for Edible Horticultural Crops. Hortscience 43(1
2009Co-Authors: Christopher B WatkinsAbstract:horticultural industries, technology Abstract. The inhibitor of ethylene perception, 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), is the basis of a new technology that is increasingly being used to improve storage potential and maintain quality of fruit and vegetables. 1-MCP is registered for use on a number of crops, including apple, apricot, avocado, banana, broccoli, kiwifruit, pear, mango, melon, peach, nectarine, persimmon, plum, and tomato. The registered crop is often specific to country. The effects of 1-MCP on quality of these crops, as well as its effects on physiological disorders and pathological diseases, are reviewed.Most available literature on 1-MCP has focused on laboratory-based trials and little information exists about its effects on product quality at the commercial level. The apple is the most significant exception, being the first crop for which 1-MCP was used commercially and extensively around the world. The apple is a crop for which limited ripening after harvest is desirable. For many other fruit, successful commercialization of 1-MCP will require an appropriate balance between 1-MCP concentrations and exposure periods that will delay but not inhibit ripening. The effects of preharvest factors, cultivar, maturity, and postharvest practices are complex and will impact commercial success of 1-MCP-based technology. For leafy or nonfruit vegetables, the advantages of 1-MCP may only be apparent under abusive conditions such as high temperatures and exogenous ethylene exposure. Finally, commercial utilization of 1-MCP-based technology will be a function of the cost of its application relative to its benefits for each product
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superficial scald control after delayed treatment of apple fruit with diphenylamine dpa and 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Seokkyu Jung, Christopher B WatkinsAbstract:Abstract The effects of delayed treatments of diphenylamine (DPA) and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on superficial scald development of ‘Cortland’ and ‘Law Rome’ apples were examined. Fruit were stored in air at 0.5 °C for 24 weeks after being treated with DPA or 1-MCP at harvest or after delays of 1, 7, 14 or 21 d (‘Law Rome’, experiment 1) or at harvest or after delays of 3, 7, 14 or 21 d (‘Cortland’ and ‘Law Rome’, experiment 2). Inhibition of scald development was affected by cultivar, DPA concentration, and delays between harvest and either DPA or 1-MCP application. Loss of scald control was associated with increasing internal ethylene concentrations (IEC) in the fruit with greater time delays before treatment, but to a greater extent for 1-MCP than DPA. DPA effects on scald development were independent of α-farnesene accumulation in the fruit skin but were associated with inhibition of its oxidation as indicated by lower concentrations of conjugated trienols (CTols). In contrast, 1-MCP effects were dependent on inhibition of α-farnesene accumulation and thereby the availability of less substrate for oxidation. The results show that minimal delays between harvest and treatment of fruit with either DPA or 1-MCP are necessary to maximize control of scald, but may be more critical for 1-MCP than for DPA.
Michael S. Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of maturity and cold storage on ethylene biosynthesis and ripening in bartlett pears treated after harvest with 1 mcp
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Max Villalobosacuna, Michael S. Reid, William V Biasi, Sylvia Flores, Caizhong Jiang, Neil H Willits, Elizabeth J MitchamAbstract:Abstract To further our understanding of the response of ‘Bartlett’ pear fruit to 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and their ability to recover the capacity to ripen, ‘Bartlett’ pears were treated with 0.3 μL L −1 1-MCP for 12 h at 20 °C immediately after harvest in two seasons and to pear fruit of four maturities. 1-MCP decreased rates of softening, ethylene production, respiration, and yellow color development, and reduced incidence of scald and internal breakdown. Ripening recovery induced by cold storage of 1-MCP treated fruit depended on maturity and season and was associated with stimulated ethylene production, including 1-aminocyclopropene carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) activity, 1-aminocyclopropene carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) activity, and transcript levels of genes associated with these enzymes.
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use of 1 methylcyclopropene in ornamentals carnations as a model system for understanding mode of action
Hortscience, 2008Co-Authors: Michael S. Reid, Fisun Gursel CelikelAbstract:The first commercial use of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was with cut flowers and potted plants, and treatment withthiscompound is still the preferred strategy forprotection ofmost ethylene-sensitive crops.Research iscontinuing into optimum treatment conditions and strategies for efficient application in commerce. In studies using carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL. 'White Sim') petals to determine the optimal conditions for commercial treatment, we notedsome aspects of the inhibition response that were not consistent with the current competitive inhibition model of 1-MCP action. Our data are better explained by an alternative model in which 1-MCP binds to a site that is exposed during the allosteric changes that accompany the enzymatic activities of the binding site in the absence of ethylene.
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role of ethylene in perianth senescence of daffodil narcissus pseudonarcissus l dutch master
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Donald A. Hunter, Michael S. ReidAbstract:Abstract Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. ‘Dutch Master’) flowers senesced prematurely when exposed to 1 μl l−1 ethylene. The hormone caused watersoaking of the perianth, a symptom not seen in perianths of flowers held in air. Ethylene also enhanced the expression of senescence-associated transcripts in the daffodil tepals. The ethylene-enhanced transcript accumulation and the ethylene-accelerated senescence were prevented by pretreating the flowers with 500 nl l−1 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 6 h at 20 °C. Repeated 1-MCP treatments provided only a modest extension in longevity of attached flowers held in air and had no noticeable effect on the life of detached flowers held in water. The unpollinated flowers produced negligible amounts of ethylene (
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1 methylcyclopropene treatment efficacy in preventing ethylene perception in banana fruit and grevillea and waxflower flowers
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2000Co-Authors: Andrew J. Macnish, D H Simons, P J Hofman, Michael S. ReidAbstract:Premature ripening and/or senescence and abscission induced by exposure to ethylene are significant postharvest problems. Banana fruit and grevillea and Geraldton waxflower flowers are among affected commodities. Treatment with 1-Methylcyclopropene gas or silver thiosulfate liquid can be used to prevent ethylene perception and response. Treatment of banana fruit with 10 nL 1-Methylcyclopropene/L for 12 h at 20 degrees C afforded protection against subsequent serial treatments over 13 days of subsets with 100 mu L ethylene/L for 24 h at 20 degrees C. Protection of Grevillea 'Sylvia' inflorescences was effective only for 2 days. Thereafter, fruit and inflorescences regained sensitivity to ethylene. In contrast, neither banana fruit nor grevillea inflorescences treated with 10 nL 1-Methylcyclopropene/L for 12 h at 2 degrees C were protected against ethylene. 1-Methylcyclopropene binding to ethylene receptors was apparently not achieved at the lower temperature. Increasing the 1-Methylcyclopropene concentration to 100 nL/L, applied at 2.5 degrees C to banana fruit, achieved protection against ethylene. Waxflower sprigs treated with 10 nL 1-Methylcyclopropene/L for 12 h at 2 or 20 degrees C regained full sensitivity to ethylene after about 2 and 4 days, respectively. In contrast, pulsing waxflower with 0.5 mmol Ag+/L as silver thiosulfate for 12 h at 2 or 20 degrees C afforded protection against ethylene for the 10 days duration of the experiment.
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Effects of 1-MCP on the vase life and ethylene response of cut flowers
Plant Growth Regulation, 1995Co-Authors: Margrethe Serek, Edward C. Sisler, Michael S. ReidAbstract:Pretreatment for 6 h with low concentrations of 1-MCP (1-Methylcyclopropene, formerly designated as SIS-X), a cyclic ethylene analog, inhibits the normal wilting response of cut carnations exposed continuously to 0.4 μl·l^−1 ethylene. The response to 1-MCP was a function of treatment concentration and time. Treatment with 1-MCP was as effective in inhibiting ethylene effects as treatment with the anionic silver thiosulfate complex (STS), the standard commercial treatment. Other ethylene-sensitive cut flowers responded similarly to carnations. In the presence of 1 μl·l^−1 ethylene, the vase life of 1-MCP-treated flowers was up to 4 times that of the controls.
Jacqueline F Nock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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repeated treatment of apple fruit with 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp prior to controlled atmosphere storage
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Jacqueline F Nock, Christopher B WatkinsAbstract:Abstract The effect of multiple 1-MCP treatments prior to the establishment of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the quality of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] was investigated. Fruit were harvested on three occasions over a 1 week period, and at each harvest cooled overnight and 1-MCP applied the following day. Fruit from the first or second harvests were treated again or for the first time when fruit from each successive harvest was treated. CA conditions were established after the last 1-MCP treatment and fruit were stored for up to 8 months. Delays in 1-MCP application generally resulted in progressively higher internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) at the time of treatment and lower firmness both at the time of treatment and after storage. Multiple 1-MCP applications kept IECs low and maintained firmness compared with single applications that were applied after 4 d. For ‘McIntosh’, external CO2 injury was more prevalent after storage if fruit were treated without delays after harvest for earlier harvests while later harvests were less affected. For ‘Empire’, flesh browning was more prevalent in fruit from later harvests and 1-MCP treated fruit had higher levels than untreated fruit. Either early 1-MCP treatment or multiple treatments reduced senescent breakdown in ‘McIntosh’, and core browning and greasiness in ‘Empire’.
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rapid 1 methylcyclopropene 1 mcp treatment and delayed controlled atmosphere storage of apples
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Christopher B Watkins, Jacqueline F NockAbstract:Abstract The quality of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] after treatment with 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and delayed controlled atmosphere (CA) storage has been investigated. For each cultivar, fruit from three orchard blocks were harvested in two growing regions. 1-MCP was applied after overnight cooling to 2 °C and CA conditions applied 2, 7 and 14 d after harvest. Quality of fruit was assessed after CA storage for 6 months plus 1 and 7 d at 20 °C. 1-MCP suppressed the internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) of the fruit during the14 d period before CA conditions were applied, but the extent of suppression was lower in fruit with high IECs at harvest. Untreated fruit of both ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ exposed to CA storage after 2 d maintained firmness levels similar to 1-MCP treated fruit, but only for 1 d of shelf life. 1-MCP treatment resulted in firm fruit after delayed CA up to 14 d, but the most consistent effects were found in ‘Empire’ which has lower IECs than ‘McIntosh’. Orchard block differences in IEC affected the persistence of 1-MCP effects on firmness. Effects of 1-MCP treatment on storage disorders were inconsistent, although slight increases in risk of external carbon dioxide injury were detected. Rapid treatment of fruit with 1-MCP after harvest can afford storage operators more freedom to delay CA storage application, but attention to cultivar, fruit maturity and susceptibility of fruit to storage disorders must be considered.
Adel A Kader - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and control of scald on wonderful pomegranates during long term storage
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Bruno G Defilippi, Bruce D Whitaker, Betty Hesspierce, Adel A KaderAbstract:Scald of the husk surface is an important factor limiting long-term storage of pomegranates and little information is available about its cause and methods of control. We evaluated the efficacy of prestorage treatment with diphenylamine and/or 1-Methylcyclopropene and of atmospheric modification during storage on scald incidence and severity on Wonderful pomegranates. Scald incidence and severity were greater on pomegranates harvested during late season than on those harvested during mid season, indicating that this disorder may be associated with senescence. All pomegranates from both harvests that were kept in air exhibited some scald after 4–6 months at 7 ◦ C. Neither diphenylamine, at 1100 or 2200 LL −1 , nor 1-Methylcyclopropene at 1 LL −1 , alone or together reduced scald incidence and severity. In contrast, the three controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions tested (1 kPa O2 ,1 kPa O 2 +1 5 kPa CO2 and 5 kPa O2 +1 5 kPa CO2) significantly reduced scald incidence and severity on pomegranates from both harvest dates for up to 6 months at 7 ◦ C. However, the two CA treatments with 1 kPa O2 resulted in greater accumulation of fermentative volatiles (acetaldehyde, ethanol,
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Variability in responses of partially ripe bananas to 1-Methylcyclopropene
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Clara Pelayo, Eduardo V. De B. Vilas-boas, Mohamed Benichou, Adel A KaderAbstract:The effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was evaluated on bananas at intermediate stages of ripeness after 36/48 ho f having been commercially treated with ethylene. Several conditions for the application of 1-MCP including concentrations (100, 300 and 1000 nl l 1 ), temperatures (14 and 20 8C) and durations of exposure (6, 12 and 24 h) were studied. In some experiments, bananas at ripeness stage 3 or 4 that were treated with 1000 nl l 1 1-MCP at 20 8C for 6 or 24 h had higher ethylene production rates but respiration rates were reduced and changes in skin color and flesh firmness were delayed without negative impacts on the qualitative or quantitative aroma composition of the fruit. However, similar 1-MCP treatments were much less effective in retarding ripening of stage 3 or 4 bananas in subsequent experiments. We conclude that, under the conditions tested in this study, the efficacy of 1-MCP in delaying ripening of partially ripened bananas is too inconsistent for commercial application. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Anibal O Herrera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of ethylene and 1 methylcyclopropene on the postharvest behavior of cape gooseberry fruits physalis peruviana l
Food Science and Technology International, 2017Co-Authors: Helber Enrique Balagueralopez, Mauricio Espinalruiz, Lorenzo Zacarias, Anibal O HerreraAbstract:Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits are highly perishable berries that exhibit a climacteric respiratory behavior. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethylene and the ethylene action inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene on the postharvest behavior of cape gooseberry fruits (ecotype Colombia). Fruits were treated with ethylene, in an ethephon application (1000 µL L−1), and pretreated with 1-Methylcyclopropene (1 µL L−1), 1-Methylcyclopropene+ethylene, and results compared with a control without application. Subsequently, the fruits were maintained at room temperature (20 ℃, 75% RH) for up to 11 days. The pretreatment of the cape gooseberry fruits with 1-Methylcyclopropene delayed most of the ripening-associated parameters, with a reduction in the respiration rate and ethylene production, skin color development, total soluble solids, total carotenoid content, loss of firmness, loss of total titratable acidity and emission of volatile compounds such as ethyl octanoate, ethyl butan...
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Effect of ethylene and 1-Methylcyclopropene on the postharvest behavior of cape gooseberry fruits (Physalis peruviana L.)
Food science and technology international = Ciencia y tecnologia de los alimentos internacional, 2016Co-Authors: Helber Enrique Balaguera-lópez, Lorenzo Zacarias, Mauricio Espinal-ruiz, Anibal O HerreraAbstract:Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) fruits are highly perishable berries that exhibit a climacteric respiratory behavior. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethylene and the ethylene action inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene on the postharvest behavior of cape gooseberry fruits (ecotype Colombia). Fruits were treated with ethylene, in an ethephon application (1000 µL L-1), and pretreated with 1-Methylcyclopropene (1 µL L-1), 1-Methylcyclopropene+ethylene, and results compared with a control without application. Subsequently, the fruits were maintained at room temperature (20 ℃, 75% RH) for up to 11 days. The pretreatment of the cape gooseberry fruits with 1-Methylcyclopropene delayed most of the ripening-associated parameters, with a reduction in the respiration rate and ethylene production, skin color development, total soluble solids, total carotenoid content, loss of firmness, loss of total titratable acidity and emission of volatile compounds such as ethyl octanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl decanoate, and hexyl decanoate. Conversely, application of ethephon accelerated most of these physiological changes and also overcame most of the effects prevented by the ethylene action inhibitor. Altogether, the results supported the idea of a climacteric-like behavior for cape gooseberry fruits and pointing out that the pretreatment with 1-Methylcyclopropene may be a promising and efficient postharvest treatment to delay maturity and extend the postharvest period.
