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Joachim Sauerborn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mineral Nutrition of Abaca (Musa textilis Née) Planted under Coconut and Rainforestation Production Systems
Annals of Tropical Research, 2016Co-Authors: Marlito Bande, Victor Asio, Joachim Sauerborn, Volker RömheldAbstract:The allocation of nutrients within the Abaca plant is of interest, as it determines the amounts which may be removed from the farm, returned to the soil in dead plant part, and available for re-translocation to subsequent generations of suckers. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate the level of nutrition among Abaca plants grown under diversified multi-strata agroecosystems and to understand the pattern of Abaca nutrient uptake planted under coconut and Rainforestation production systems. The allocation of nutrients within the Abaca plant is of interest, as it determines the amounts which may be removed from the farm, returned to the soil in dead plant part, and available for re-translocation to subsequent generations of suckers. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate the level of nutrition among Abaca plants grown under diversified multi-strata agroecosystems and to understand the pattern of Abaca nutrient uptake planted under coconut and Rainforestation production systems. In the Abaca–coconut agroecosystem, results show that availability of macronutrients from different blocks demonstrates a high degree of significant differences (p≤0.01) within 0-30cm soil depth. These differences can be attributed to the history of land uses, farmer’s management practice and soil the type. On the other hand, it can be concluded that the trees planted under the Rainforestation system plays a significant role in the nutrient fluxes and the improvement of soil acidity. This is due to the fact that trees function as “nutrient-pumps”. Therefore, integrating Abaca under the Rainforestation system is a best option. Finally, it is not enough and safe to conclude that the low nutrient concentration in Abaca leaves is due to low nutrient in the soil concentration solution since the standard values for Abaca is still unknown. Thus, using the results for diagnosing nutrient deficiencies is insufficient.
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Growth Performance of Abaca (Musa textilis Née) Integrated in Multi-strata Agroecosystems
Annals of Tropical Research, 2016Co-Authors: Marlito Bande, Victor Asio, Joachim Sauerborn, Volker RömheldAbstract:Abaca is a shade loving crop with a good potential to be integrated into agroforestry systems that offer sources of income and prevent soil erosion. However, in integrating Abaca into multi-strata agroecosystems, one has to consider radiation interception and the efficiency with which radiation energy is used to produce photosynthates since play a crucial role in the growth of these tree-crop stands. Hence, this study investigate the best shade plant-Abaca d combination and its influence on light transmission ratio in relation to the Abaca’s morphological growth performance. The results revealed that the light intensity under the canopy shade of coconuts is sufficient for the growth of Abaca plants. On the other hand, Rainforestation (the planting of native tree species to rehabilitate degraded lands) appeared to be an effective approach in restoring the functions of an Abaca-based agroecosystem by improving soil quality suitable for the crop. Therefore, the tree-Abaca under the Rainforestation system was the best combination. However, the sustainability of both production system always lies s on the hands of the farmers, either to cut or harvest the trees or old coconut palms for lumber or to preserve them for ecological purposes by providing shade and wind breaks for the Abaca plants. Finally, due to high planting density in both types of Abaca-based agroecosystems, fertilizer application and the use of high quality planting materials are highly recommended. Likewise, topography and exposure to strong winds should be considered during site selection prior to Abaca-based production system development.
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fiber yield and quality of Abaca musa textilis var laylay grown under different shade conditions water and nutrient management
Industrial Crops and Products, 2013Co-Authors: Victor Asio, Marlito M. Bande, Jan Grenz, Joachim SauerbornAbstract:Abstract The knowledge gap on the optimum light, nutrient and water requirements of Abaca to attain optimum yield and limited information on how these parameters affect fiber recovery and fiber quality under field conditions are very important for Abaca production and management. Light infiltration was reduced by 30%, 40%, and 50% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 5 l plant −1 application −1 day −1 . Placement application of N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O using complete fertilizer was done at 14 g plant −1 quarter −1 for the first six months and was increased to 40 g plant −1 quarter −1 for the next six months after planting. Results showed that Abaca planted under different light regimes showed that 50% shade had significantly ( p p Laylay ) to achieve an optimum machine stripped fiber yield of 135.04 ± 4.31 g plant −1 without affecting fiber quality for industrial purposes.
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morphological and physiological response of Abaca musa textilis var laylay to shade irrigation and fertilizer application at different stages of plant growth
International Journal of AgriScience, 2013Co-Authors: Marlito M. Bande, Victor Asio, Jan Grenz, Joachim SauerbornAbstract:Abaca is closely related to edible banana and grown primarily for its fibers. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shade and irrigation-fertilization on Abaca’s morphological and physiological performance. Light infiltration was reduced by 30%, 40%, and 50% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 5 liters plant -1 application -1 day -1 . Placement application of N, P2O5, K2O using complete fertilizer was done at 14 grams plant -1 quarter -1 for the first six months and was increased to 40 grams plant -1 quarter -1 for the next six months after planting. Results showed that plant height, cumulative leaf area, pseudostem length and base girth of Abaca significantly (p≤0.01) improved when the light was further reduced to 50%. Fertilizer application further enhanced (p≤0.05) the growth performance of Abaca. Statistical analysis showed that shade and NPK fertilization positively affected dry matter production, crop growth rate, leaf area ratio and net assimilation rate from seedling to flagleaf stage. Net assimilation rate was strongly affected by shade at seedling stage and late vegetative stage (p<0.05) due to photoinhibition. Analysis of variance showed two-factor interaction effects between shade and irrigation-fertilization on leaf area ratio at early vegetative (p=0.016) and flagleaf (p=0.009) stages. The superior productivity of Abaca in response to shade was due to avoidance of photoinhibition, photooxidative damage and midday depression that negatively affected the Abaca grown under full sunlight at seedling and early vegetative stages which cannot be neutralized by irrigation and fertilizer application.
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Morphological and physiological response of Abaca (Musa textilis var. Laylay) to shade, irrigation and fertilizer application at different stages of plant growth.
International Journal of AgriScience, 2013Co-Authors: Marlito M. Bande, Victor Asio, Jan Grenz, Joachim SauerbornAbstract:Abaca is closely related to edible banana and grown primarily for its fibers. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shade and irrigation-fertilization on Abaca’s morphological and physiological performance. Light infiltration was reduced by 30%, 40%, and 50% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 5 liters plant -1 application -1 day -1 . Placement application of N, P2O5, K2O using complete fertilizer was done at 14 grams plant -1 quarter -1 for the first six months and was increased to 40 grams plant -1 quarter -1 for the next six months after planting. Results showed that plant height, cumulative leaf area, pseudostem length and base girth of Abaca significantly (p≤0.01) improved when the light was further reduced to 50%. Fertilizer application further enhanced (p≤0.05) the growth performance of Abaca. Statistical analysis showed that shade and NPK fertilization positively affected dry matter production, crop growth rate, leaf area ratio and net assimilation rate from seedling to flagleaf stage. Net assimilation rate was strongly affected by shade at seedling stage and late vegetative stage (p
Marlito M. Bande - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fiber yield and quality of Abaca musa textilis var laylay grown under different shade conditions water and nutrient management
Industrial Crops and Products, 2013Co-Authors: Victor Asio, Marlito M. Bande, Jan Grenz, Joachim SauerbornAbstract:Abstract The knowledge gap on the optimum light, nutrient and water requirements of Abaca to attain optimum yield and limited information on how these parameters affect fiber recovery and fiber quality under field conditions are very important for Abaca production and management. Light infiltration was reduced by 30%, 40%, and 50% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 5 l plant −1 application −1 day −1 . Placement application of N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O using complete fertilizer was done at 14 g plant −1 quarter −1 for the first six months and was increased to 40 g plant −1 quarter −1 for the next six months after planting. Results showed that Abaca planted under different light regimes showed that 50% shade had significantly ( p p Laylay ) to achieve an optimum machine stripped fiber yield of 135.04 ± 4.31 g plant −1 without affecting fiber quality for industrial purposes.
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morphological and physiological response of Abaca musa textilis var laylay to shade irrigation and fertilizer application at different stages of plant growth
International Journal of AgriScience, 2013Co-Authors: Marlito M. Bande, Victor Asio, Jan Grenz, Joachim SauerbornAbstract:Abaca is closely related to edible banana and grown primarily for its fibers. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shade and irrigation-fertilization on Abaca’s morphological and physiological performance. Light infiltration was reduced by 30%, 40%, and 50% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 5 liters plant -1 application -1 day -1 . Placement application of N, P2O5, K2O using complete fertilizer was done at 14 grams plant -1 quarter -1 for the first six months and was increased to 40 grams plant -1 quarter -1 for the next six months after planting. Results showed that plant height, cumulative leaf area, pseudostem length and base girth of Abaca significantly (p≤0.01) improved when the light was further reduced to 50%. Fertilizer application further enhanced (p≤0.05) the growth performance of Abaca. Statistical analysis showed that shade and NPK fertilization positively affected dry matter production, crop growth rate, leaf area ratio and net assimilation rate from seedling to flagleaf stage. Net assimilation rate was strongly affected by shade at seedling stage and late vegetative stage (p<0.05) due to photoinhibition. Analysis of variance showed two-factor interaction effects between shade and irrigation-fertilization on leaf area ratio at early vegetative (p=0.016) and flagleaf (p=0.009) stages. The superior productivity of Abaca in response to shade was due to avoidance of photoinhibition, photooxidative damage and midday depression that negatively affected the Abaca grown under full sunlight at seedling and early vegetative stages which cannot be neutralized by irrigation and fertilizer application.
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Morphological and physiological response of Abaca (Musa textilis var. Laylay) to shade, irrigation and fertilizer application at different stages of plant growth.
International Journal of AgriScience, 2013Co-Authors: Marlito M. Bande, Victor Asio, Jan Grenz, Joachim SauerbornAbstract:Abaca is closely related to edible banana and grown primarily for its fibers. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shade and irrigation-fertilization on Abaca’s morphological and physiological performance. Light infiltration was reduced by 30%, 40%, and 50% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 5 liters plant -1 application -1 day -1 . Placement application of N, P2O5, K2O using complete fertilizer was done at 14 grams plant -1 quarter -1 for the first six months and was increased to 40 grams plant -1 quarter -1 for the next six months after planting. Results showed that plant height, cumulative leaf area, pseudostem length and base girth of Abaca significantly (p≤0.01) improved when the light was further reduced to 50%. Fertilizer application further enhanced (p≤0.05) the growth performance of Abaca. Statistical analysis showed that shade and NPK fertilization positively affected dry matter production, crop growth rate, leaf area ratio and net assimilation rate from seedling to flagleaf stage. Net assimilation rate was strongly affected by shade at seedling stage and late vegetative stage (p
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Ecophysiological and agronomic response of Abaca (Musa textilis) to different resource conditions in Leyte Island, Philippines
2012Co-Authors: Marlito M. BandeAbstract:Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is closely related to edible bananas (Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla). Abaca usually thrives in the shade beneath tall trees, especially important for protecting the young plants from the sun and the older, taller plants from wind breakage. However, there is still disagreement on the need for shade trees in Abaca cultivation. Hence, this study was conducted to ascertain the ecophysiological and agronomic response of Abaca grown in different shade conditions, water and nutrient management systems in Leyte Island, Philippines. The objectives of the study were to: (a) explore the influence of shade and irrigation-fertilization on the morphological and physiological performance of Abaca; (b) investigate the effect of reducing light intensities by 30%, 40% and 50% of full sunlight on fiber yield and fiber quality; (c) determine the optimum light requirement of Abaca plants to attain the optimum yield without affecting the quality of the fiber for industrial use; (d) examine the effect of shade and irrigation-fertilization on biomass production and allocation as well as on NPK absorption and distribution among Abaca organs; and (e) find out if irrigation and fertilization could offset the effect of shade on biomass production, NPK absorption and fiber yield of Abaca. Field trials were established where light infiltration was reduced by 30%, 40%, and 50% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 5 liters plant-1 application-1 day-1. The frequency of irrigation was applied two times per day at seedling stage (1-3 months after planting), three times at the early vegetative stage (4-6 MAP), four times at the late vegetative stage (7-9 MAP), and five times at flagleaf stage (10-12 MAP). On the other hand, placement application of N, P2O5, K2O using complete fertilizer was done at 14 g plant-1 in every three months for the first six months and was increased to 40 g plant-1 in every three months for the next six months after planting. The results of this study showed that plant height, cumulative leaf area, pseudostem length and base girth of Abaca significantly improved when the light was further reduced to 50%. The application of NPK fertilizer and combination of irrigation-fertilization further enhanced the growth performance of Abaca. Statistical analysis showed that shade, NPK fertilization and combination of irrigation-fertilization positively affected dry matter production, crop growth rate, leaf area ratio and net assimilation rate from seedling to flagleaf stage. Furthermore, biomass allocation and NPK distribution among Abaca organs was significantly affected by high radiation and/or temperature at seedling and early vegetative stages, and differential leaf senescence at flagleaf stage where shade plays a considerable function. The amount of NPK absorbed by each organ was influenced by the growth made during the different stages of crop development. Meanwhile, irrigation and fertilizer application further improved biomass allocation that considerably increased NPK absorption and distribution among plant parts. With regards to agronomic response, the Abaca planted under different light regimes showed that 50% shade had significantly higher fiber yield compared to those that were under other light treatments since the plants pseudostem under such treatment were longer, bigger and heavier. The combination of irrigation and fertilization could further enhance fiber yield to as much as 141% (compared to the control) but this was not enough to offset the effects of shade on the physiological performance of the plant which significantly increased fiber yield to as much as 265% (compared to the control). Statistical analysis showed that shade and irrigation-fertilizer application had no significant effect on fiber fineness and tensile strength. The superior productivity of Abaca in response to shade was due to the avoidance of photoinhibition and photooxidative damage that negatively affected the Abaca grown under full sunlight at seedling and early vegetative stage. Likewise, the detrimental effect of photoinhibition on the photosynthetic capacity of Abaca grown in full sunlight significantly decreased biomass production and allocation among Abaca organs. The amount of NPK absorbed by each organ was influenced by high radiation causing photooxidative damage at seedling stage and differential leaf senescence at flagleaf stage. This significantly affected the pattern of biomass allocation and NPK distribution among Abaca plant organs. On the other hand, the application of fertilizer considerably enhanced biomass production but did not change the usual pattern of biomass and NPK distribution. The results showed that irrigation and fertilizer application cannot offset or equalize the positive effect of shade on the vegetative growth, physiological performance, and NPK absorption among plant organs. Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) ist nahe verwandt mit den Essbananen (Musa acuminata Colla und M. balbisiana Colla) und im Unterwuchs des tropischen, immergrunen Flachland-Regenwaldes auf den Philippinen heimisch. Abaca gedeiht normalerweise im Schatten unter grosen Baumen, was vor allem den jungen Pflanzen Schutz vor Sonneneinstrahlung bietet und altere, grosere Pflanzen vor Windbruch schutzt. Dennoch ist die Notwendigkeit schattenspendender Baume fur den Anbau von Abaca umstritten. Aufgrund dessen wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit primar der Einfluss der Beschattung auf okophysiologische und argonomische Parameter von Abaca untersucht, aber auch der Einfluss des Nahrstoff- und Wassermanagements. Die Versuche wurden als Freilandstudien auf der Insel Leyte, Philippinen, durchgefuhrt. Die spezifischen Fragestellungen der Arbeit lauteten: (a) Einfluss der Beschattung, der Bewasserung und der Dungung auf morphologische und physiologische Eigenschaften von Abaca; (b) Einfluss der Lichtintensitat (50, 60, 70 und 100 % volles Sonnenlicht) auf Faserertrag und -qualitat; (c) Ermittlung der optimalen Lichtbedurfnisse von Abaca-Pflanzen fur eine optimale Ertragsleistung bei gleichbleibender Faserqualitat fur industrielle Nutzung; (d) Einfluss der Beschattung, der Bewasserung und der Dungung auf die Biomasseproduktion und -verteilung sowie die NPK-Absorption und -Verteilung zwischen Pflanzenorganen; und (e) Inwieweit durch Bewasserung und Dungung der Einfluss der Beschattung auf die Biomasseproduktion, die NPK-Absorption und den Faserertrag von Abaca kompensiert werden kann. Zur Klarung dieser Fragestellungen wurden Feldversuche durchgefuhrt bei denen die Belichtung der Abaca-Bestande durch Sonnenlicht mit Beschattungsnetzen um 30, 40 und 50 % reduziert wurde. Die Bewasserungsintensitat betrug 5 L Pflanze-1 Applikation-1 und es wurde im Keimlingsstadium [1-3 Monate nach Pflanzung (MNP)] zweimal pro Tag bewassert, im fruhen vegetativen Stadium (4-6 MNP) dreimal pro Tag, im spaten vegetativen Stadium (7-9 MNP) viermal pro Tag und im Fahnenblattstadium (10-12 MNP) funfmal pro Tag. Die Dungung mit N, P2O2 und K2O wurde als NPK-Volldungung alle drei Monate durchgefuhrt mit 14 g Pflanze-1 fur die ersten sechs Monate nach der Pflanzung und anschliesend mit 40 g Pflanze-1. Die Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die Hohe der Abaca-Pflanzen, die kumulierte Blattflache sowie die Lange und der Umfang des Scheinstamms signifikant erhoht waren wenn die Intensitat des Sonnenlichts auf 50 % reduziert war. Die Applikation des NPK-Volldungers sowie eine Kombination von Dungung und Bewasserung verbesserten die Wuchsleistung von Abaca ebenfalls. Die statistische Auswertung zeigte, dass Beschattung, NPK-Dungung und eine Kombination von Dungung und Bewasserung einen signifikant positiven Effekt ausubte auf Trockenmassebildung, Wachstumsrate, Blattflachenanteil und Netto-Assimilationsrate zwischen Keimlings- und Fahnenblattstadium. Daruber hinaus ergab sich fur das Keimlingsstadium und das fruhe vegetative Stadium ein signifikanter Einfluss einer hohen Beleuchtungsintensitat (und/oder Temperatur) auf die Verteilung der Biomasse und der NPK-Nahrstoffe zwischen den Pflanzenorganen und auch die differentielle Blattseneszenz im Fahnenblattstadium, wo Beschattung eine wichtige Rolle spielt, zeigte eine signifikante Beeinflussbarkeit. Die absorbierte NPK-Menge in den verschiedenen Pflanzenorganen variierte jedoch auch in Abhangigkeit vom Wachstum in den einzelnen Entwicklungsphasen und konnte hier jeweils durch Bewasserung und Dungung und die damit verbundene verbesserte Biomasseverteilung gesteigert werden. In Bezug auf agronomische Parameter zeigten Abaca-Pflanzen, die einer 50 %igen Beschattung ausgesetzt waren, signifikant hohere Faserertrage als Pflanzen, die hoheren Belichtungsintensitaten ausgesetzt waren, da bei starker Beschattung die Scheinstamme langer, groser und schwerer waren. Eine Kombination von Bewasserung und Dungung konnte den Faserertrag auf 141 % der Kontrolle steigern, jedoch war diese Steigerung geringer als der Effekt einer Beschattung, der den Faserertrag signifikant auf bis zu 265 % der Kontrolle steigerte. Dagegen zeigte die statistische Analyse, dass Beschattung, Bewasserung und Dungung keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Feinheit und die Reisfestigkeit der Fasern hatte. Die beobachtete erhohte Produktivitat von Abaca als Reaktion auf Beschattung ist auf eine Vermeidung von Photoinhibition und photooxidativen Schaden zuruckzufuhren, welche vor allem im Keimlingsstadium und fruhen vegetativen Stadium die Pflanzen bei vollem Sonnenlicht negativ beeinflussten. Die nachteiligen Auswirkungen der Photoinhibition auf die photosynthetische Kapazitat von Abaca in vollem Sonnenlicht fuhrten zu einer signifikanten Abnahme der Biomasseproduktion und -verteilung.
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Nutrient Uptake and Fiber Yield of Abaca ( var. ) as Affected by Shade, Irrigation and Fertilizer Application Musa textilis Laylay
2012Co-Authors: Marlito M. Bande, Victor Asio, Jan Grenz, Joachim SauerbornAbstract:Abaca, being a shallow rooted plant and a gross feeder, is able to exploit a limited zone soil. Hence, a careful evaluation of its nutrient uptake is needed, particularly under reduced light condition, irrigation, and NPK fertilization. These field trials were performed to investigate the effect of different shade conditions, irrigation, and fertilizer application on NPK plant uptake and fiber yield of Abaca. Light infiltration was reduced by 30%, 40%, and 50% of full sunlight using polypropylene shade nets. Irrigation was applied at a rate of 5 liters plant application day . Placement application of N, P O , K O using complete fertilizer was done at 14 grams plant quarter for the first six months and was increased to 40 grams plant quarter for the next six months after planting. Results showed that shade (p 0.01) and irrigationfertilization (p 0.05) significantly influenced NPK plant uptake, root and leaf uptake rates of Abaca from seedling stage until flagleaf stage. The amount of NPK absorbed was proportional to the amount of growth made as influenced by shade and irrigationfertilization at different stages of plant growth. The Abaca grown in 0% shade was negatively affected by high radiation causing photoinhibition and photooxidative damage of the crop at seedling and early vegetative stages that significantly affected NPK uptake rates and fiber yield. The combination of irrigation and fertilization could further enhance fiber yield to as much as 41% but this was not enough to offset the effects of shade on the growth performance and NPK plant uptake of Abaca which significantly (p
V M Manickavasagam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimental investigation on shear and hardness of Abaca based hybrid composites
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2016Co-Authors: Vijaya B Ramnath, C Elanchezhian, V M Manickavasagam, Gowri S Prasad, Arvindh S SwamyAbstract:Present technology development in the area of materials replaces the conventional materials used in automobile and aerospace sector by composite materials due their less weight and bio degradability. This paper aims to fabricate and investigate the mechanical properties of Abaca-raffia hybrid composite fabricated by hand layup process. Since, Abaca fiber has more strength than other fibers like kenaf, banana and sisal, the composite with this fiber can be suitable replacement material for automotive applications.The properties like double shear and hardnessare evaluated andthe result shows that the double shear properties and hardness of the hybrid composites [GFRP+Abaca+Raffia] is higher than other two combinations. The internal microstructure of the hybrid composites were analysed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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investigation of flexural characteristics of flax and Abaca hybrid epoxy composites
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015Co-Authors: Vijaya B Ramnath, C Elanchezhian, C V Jayakumar, V M Manickavasagam, U S Aswin, H Eashwar, P Kavirajan, D MuruganAbstract:Recent growth in the field of engineering demands specialised composite materials to meet various industrial needs. Composite materials are emerging as the most promising new materials. This paper deals with the fabrication and analysis of flexural characteristics of flax and Abaca hybrid epoxy composite. The show that GFRP + Flax +Abaca based hybrid composite has a higher ultimate stress which is much greater than GFRP + Flax composite and GFRP + Abaca composites. The inner filament breakage and crack propagation are studied using scanning electron microscope.
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investigation of tensile behaviour of flax Abaca hybrid epoxy composite
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015Co-Authors: V M Manickavasagam, Vijaya B Ramnath, C Elanchezhian, G Ramakrishnan, S Sathish, L Prasanna R Venkatesh, Pithchai S PandianAbstract:In this study, fabrication of flax-Abaca hybrid composites is done using hand lay-up technique. The arrangement of the composite is such that a layer of flax fiber is mounted on both sides by Abaca fiber layers. Glass fiber reinforced polymer is used for lamination on both sides. Mechanical characterisation is done by performing tensile test on the hybrid composites. The tensile behaviour is compared with those of composites containing any one of the constituents of the hybrid composites. Morphological analysis of the specimen after testing is performed.
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Investigation of Tensile Behaviour of Flax – Abaca Hybrid Epoxy Composite
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015Co-Authors: V M Manickavasagam, C Elanchezhian, B. Vijaya Ramnath, G Ramakrishnan, S Sathish, L.r. Prasanna Venkatesh, S. Pithchai PandianAbstract:In this study, fabrication of flax-Abaca hybrid composites is done using hand lay-up technique. The arrangement of the composite is such that a layer of flax fiber is mounted on both sides by Abaca fiber layers. Glass fiber reinforced polymer is used for lamination on both sides. Mechanical characterisation is done by performing tensile test on the hybrid composites. The tensile behaviour is compared with those of composites containing any one of the constituents of the hybrid composites. Morphological analysis of the specimen after testing is performed.
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INVESTIGATION OF TENSILE AND IMPACT BEHAVIOUR OF Abaca-RAFFIA HYBRID COMPOSITE
2015Co-Authors: B. Vijaya Ramnath, V M Manickavasagam, C Elanchezhia, R Karthick, U Bharath, Maruthi KishoreAbstract:Current technological development forces the industries to find new alternate and non-conventional materials that may replace conventional materials. Hence, industries are aiming to develop composite materials that are made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical and chemical properties. Hence, the composite materials have better properties than their constituent materials. In this paper an attempt has been made to fabricate and investigate the tensile and impact properties natural fiber composites made up of Abaca and raffia fibers with three different compositions. The method adapted is hand layup process. The result shows that the hybrid composite made up of Abaca and raffia have better properties than mono fiber composites. Failure morphology analysis is done using scanning electron microscope on the tested specimens.
Hitoshi Takagi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of alkali treatment on interfacial bonding in Abaca fiber reinforced composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016Co-Authors: Hitoshi Takagi, Antonio Norio Nakagaito, Yan Li, Geoffrey I N WaterhouseAbstract:Abstract Abaca fibers demonstrate enormous potential as reinforcing agents in composite materials. In this study, Abaca fibers were immersed in 5, 10 or 15 wt.% NaOH solutions for 2 h, and the effects of the alkali treatments on the mechanical characteristics and interfacial adhesion of the fibers in a model Abaca fiber/epoxy composite system systematically evaluated. After 5 wt.% NaOH treatment, Abaca fibers showed increased crystallinity, tensile strength and Young’s modulus compared to untreated fibers, and also improved interfacial shear strength with an epoxy. Stronger alkali treatments negatively impacted fiber stiffness and suitability for composite applications. Results suggest that mild alkali treatments (e.g. 5 wt.% NaOH for 2 h) are highly beneficial for the manufacture of Abaca fiber-reinforced polymer composites.
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effect of alkali treatment on interfacial bonding in Abaca fiber reinforced composites part a applied science and manufacturing
Composites, 2016Co-Authors: Hitoshi Takagi, Antonio Norio Nakagaito, Yan Li, Geoffrey I N WaterhouseAbstract:Abaca fibers demonstrate enormous potential as reinforcing agents in composite materials. In this study, Abaca fibers were immersed in 5, 10 or 15wt.% NaOH solutions for 2h, and the effects of the alkali treatments on the mechanical characteristics and interfacial adhesion of the fibers in a model Abaca fiber/epoxy composite system systematically evaluated. After 5wt.% NaOH treatment, Abaca fibers showed increased crystallinity, tensile strength and Young’s modulus compared to untreated fibers, and also improved interfacial shear strength with an epoxy. Stronger alkali treatments negatively impacted fiber stiffness and suitability for composite applications. Results suggest that mild alkali treatments (e.g. 5wt.% NaOH for 2h) are highly beneficial for the manufacture of Abaca fiber-reinforced polymer composites.
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influence of alkali concentration on morphology and tensile properties of Abaca fibers
Advanced Materials Research, 2015Co-Authors: Hitoshi Takagi, Antonio Norio Nakagaito, Masahiro Katoh, Kazuya Kusaka, Yan LiAbstract:Abaca, also known as Manila hemp, is native to the Philippines, where it is grown as a commercial crop. It belongs to the Musasea family and is cultivated for ropes and fibers. The Abaca fiber is a natural fiber with highest cellulose content. In this study, the effects of alkali treatments on mechanical properties and microstructure of Abaca fibers are discussed. Abaca fibers were soaked in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at the concentration from 3 to 15wt% for 5 minutes, and subsequently subjected to tensile tests and observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess morphological changes caused by the alkali treatment. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the treatment led to the gradual removal of lignin and hemicelluloses from the Abaca fibers. The cellulose crystallinity of Abaca fibers was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method. SEM images revealed that the lumen size decreased and shrunk with increasing alkali concentration. The tensile strength of the alkali-treated Abaca fibers was higher than that of the untreated ones. The Young’s modulus increased with increasing alkali concentration up to 7wt% and then decreased. However, the strain at break decreased below 7wt% and then increased. The lumen size started to decrease from 7wt% alkali concentration.
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influence of alkali treatment on internal microstructure and tensile properties of Abaca fibers
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015Co-Authors: Hitoshi Takagi, Antonio Norio Nakagaito, Masahiro Katoh, Tomoyuki Ueki, Geoffrey I N Waterhouse, Yan LiAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of alkali treatment on the internal microstructure and tensile properties of Abaca fibers. The Abaca fibers were immersed in aqueous solutions of NaOH (5, 10, or 15 wt%) for 30 min, rinsed and dried. The fibers were subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and tensile strength tests. The lumen is a hollow region in each elementary fiber of the Abaca fiber bundles. It was found that the lumen of the Abaca fibers completely collapsed after 10 and 15 wt% NaOH treatment, due to swelling of the fibers. The fibers also became twisted after these alkali treatments. It was found that cellulose I in Abaca fibers was partially transformed to cellulose II after 15 wt% NaOH treatment, as evidenced by XRD measurements. FT-IR analysis indicated that the alkali treatment led to a gradual removal of binding materials; such as hemicelluloses and lignin, from the Abaca fibers, resulting in the separation of Abaca fiber bundles into individual elementary fibers. The tensile strength of alkali-treated Abaca fibers did not vary with alkali concentration. The Young’s modulus of the Abaca fibers treated with 5 wt% NaOH solution increased by 41%, whereas those treated with 10 and 15 wt% NaOH solution decreased by 24 and 29%, respectively. A non-linear behavior was observed in the stress–strain curves of the Abaca fibers after 10 and 15 wt% alkali treatment, which could be attributable to the twisting of the fibers.
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effect of chemical treatments on transverse thermal conductivity of unidirectional Abaca fiber epoxy composite
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaozhe Zhang, Hitoshi Takagi, Zhimao Yang, Dong WangAbstract:Abstract Present paper investigated the effect of mercerization and silane treatments on the transverse thermal conduction properties of unidirectional Abaca fiber–epoxy composite fabricated by resin transfer molding. As indicated by FTIR, XRD and SEM, the changes in chemical composition, crystalline and lumen structure of Abaca fibers were introduced by chemical treatments. Transverse tensile test showed that the weakest linkage of unidirectional composite changed from interface between Abaca fiber bundle and epoxy resin for untreated Abaca fiber to interface between elementary fibers treated by mercerization and silanization. With the increasing of weakest linkages strength and the decreasing of void content, the transverse thermal conductivity (TCC) of the composite presents increasing trend. The changing of interfaces, cell wall and lumen derived from chemical treatments are the mainly factors affecting TTC. It was concluded that the Abaca fiber composite with controllable transverse thermal conduction property can be designed by proper chemical treatment.
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phenylphenalenone type compounds from the leaf fibers of Abaca musa textilis
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Jesus Jimenezbarbero, Maria Isabel Chavez, And Matteo Politi, Ana GutierrezAbstract:A series of phenylphenalenone type compounds, known to play a role as phytoalexins in plants of the Musaceae family, have been identified for the first time in the leaf fibers of Abaca (Musa textilis). Among the phenylphenalenone type compounds identified, the structure of a novel compound, (1R)-2,3-dihydro-4,9-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-1-phenylphenalene, has also been described in Abaca fibers. Its structure was elucidated by analysis of one- and two-dimensional NMR (correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) spectroscopic data. Keywords: Abaca; Musa textilis; Musaceae; phenylphenalenones; phytoalexins; GC/MS; NMR
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chemical composition of Abaca musa textilis leaf fibers used for manufacturing of high quality paper pulps
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Ana GutierrezAbstract:The chemical composition of leaf fibers of Abaca (Musa textilis), which are commonly used for high-quality paper pulp production, was thoroughly studied. The results revealed that the lignin content was 13.2% of the total fiber. The analysis of Abaca fibers by pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) released predominantly compounds arising from lignin and p-hydroxycinnamic acids, with high amounts of 4-vinylphenol. The latter compound was demonstrated to arise from p-coumaric acid by pyrolysis of Abaca fibers in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, which released high amounts of p-coumaric acid (as the methyl derivative). Products from p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) propanoid units, with a predominance of the latter (H:G:S molar ratio of 1.5:1:4.9), were also released after Py-GC/MS of Abaca fibers. Sinapyl and coniferyl acetates, which are thought to be lignin monomer precursors, were also found in Abaca. The extractives content of the Abaca fib...
