Adopted Children

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Mary Allen Staat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in internationally Adopted Children.
    Pediatric blood & cancer, 2018
    Co-Authors: Rachel Spring, Mary Allen Staat, Marilyn Rice, Hanna Schlaack, Charles T. Quinn
    Abstract:

    There are conflicting guidelines about screening of internationally Adopted Children for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, a common genetic disorder. In a multi-ethnic population of 2,169 internationally Adopted Children, we found that the prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 1.6% overall and 2.2% in males. Prevalence differed by country or region of origin, ranging from 0 to 13% overall and 0 to 22% in males. The prevalence in females was 1%. A diagnosis of G6PD deficiency informs the treatment of malaria and enables education and counseling to prevent morbidity and mortality from G6PD deficiency. Screening for G6PD deficiency should be strongly considered for internationally Adopted Children.

  • intestinal parasite screening in internationally Adopted Children importance of multiple stool specimens
    Pediatrics, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mary Allen Staat, Marilyn Rice, Stephanie Donauer, Sheena Mukkada, Michol Holloway, Amy Cassedy, Jennifer Kelley, Shelia Salisbury
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in internationally Adopted Children, to examine factors associated with infection, and to determine if evaluating multiple stool specimens increases the yield of parasite identification. METHODS: We evaluated internationally Adopted Children with at least 1 stool specimen submitted for ova and parasite testing within 120 days after arrival to the United States. In Children submitting 3 stool specimens, in which at least 1 specimen was positive for the pathogen studied, we examined whether multiple stool specimens increased the likelihood of pathogen identification. RESULTS: Of the 1042 Children studied, 27% had at least 1 pathogen identified; with pathogen-specific prevalence of Giardia intestinalis (19%), Blastocystis hominis (10%), Dientamoeba fragilis (5%), Entamoeba histolytica (1%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1%), and Hymenolepsis species (1%). The lowest prevalence occurred in South Korean (0%), Guatemalan (9%), and Chinese (13%) Children, and the highest prevalence occurred in Ethiopian (55%) and Ukrainian (74%) Children. Increasing age was significantly associated with parasite identification, whereas malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms were not. Overall, the yield of 1 stool specimen was 79% with pathogen recovery significantly increasing for 2 (92%) and 3 (100%) specimens, respectively (P CONCLUSIONS: We provide data for evidence-based guidelines for intestinal parasite screening in internationally Adopted Children. Gastrointestinal symptoms were not predictive of pathogen recovery, and multiple stool specimens increased pathogen identification in this high-risk group of Children.

  • serologic testing to verify the immune status of internationally Adopted Children against vaccine preventable diseases
    Vaccine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Mary Allen Staat, Laura Patricia Stadler, Marilyn Rice, Stephanie Donauer, Indi Trehan, Shelia Salisbury
    Abstract:

    Definitive immunization guidelines for internationally Adopted Children are lacking. We examined whether these Children had serologic evidence of protection against vaccine-preventable diseases. For Children with ≥3 vaccine doses, overall protection was high for diphtheria (85%), tetanus (95%), polio (93%), hepatitis B (77%), and Hib (67%). For Children ≥12 months of age with ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, or rubella vaccines, 95%, 72%, and 94% were immune, respectively. Children without immunization documentation had lower immunity. Serologic testing was useful in verifying the immunization status in internationally Adopted Children with and without documentation of immunizations.

  • Hepatitis B virus screening for internationally Adopted Children.
    Pediatrics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Laura Patricia Stadler, Adam Mezoff, Mary Allen Staat
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus protection, infection, and recovery among internationally Adopted Children and to examine the need for repeat testing 6 months after arrival in the United States. METHODS: From November 1999 through October 2006, 1282 international adoptees were screened for hepatitis B virus, and results were examined with regard to age, gender, and birth country. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus protection, infection, and recovery was determined. RESULTS: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus in internationally Adopted Children at our large international adoption center was 4%, including 1.1% with acute or chronic infection and 2.9% with resolved infection. Overall, 64% of internationally Adopted Children had evidence of hepatitis B virus immunization, with protective antibodies. We also report a case that highlights the need for repeat serological testing to detect hepatitis B virus infection or immunization in internationally Adopted Children who might have been infected or vaccinated just before adoption and thus not have serological evidence in initial testing. CONCLUSIONS: These data reinforce the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations regarding hepatitis B virus screening and infection control measures for international adoptees.

  • Tuberculosis screening in internationally Adopted Children: the need for initial and repeat testing.
    Pediatrics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Indi Trehan, Jareen Meinzen-derr, Linda Jamison, Mary Allen Staat
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE. Because most internationally Adopted Children come from areas of high tuberculosis prevalence, an initial tuberculin skin test is recommended after arrival to the United States. We evaluated whether repeat testing of Children ≥3 months after arrival to the United States would identify additional Children with latent tuberculosis infection. METHODS. Internationally Adopted Children who were seen at our International Adoption Center and had a tuberculin skin test within 2 months of arrival to the United States were eligible for the study. Children not diagnosed with tuberculosis with initial testing were retested at least 3 months later. The prevalence of tuberculosis on arrival and after repeat testing was determined, and potential risk factors for infection were examined. RESULTS. Of the 527 internationally Adopted Children with an initial tuberculin skin test completed, 111 (21%) had evidence of latent tuberculosis infection. Repeat tuberculosis testing was complete for 191 internationally Adopted Children (46.9% of those who had an initially negative tuberculin skin test). Latent tuberculosis infection was found in 20% of those who were retested. No Children were found to have active tuberculosis disease. Children with an initially positive tuberculin skin test result had slightly higher weight-for-age z scores at their initial clinic visit, whereas those whose tuberculin skin test result was positive after repeat testing had slightly lower weight-for-age z scores. A strong correlation between BCG immunization and tuberculin skin test result was observed. CONCLUSIONS. Latent tuberculosis infection is common in internationally Adopted Children. A high proportion of internationally Adopted Children had an initially false-negative tuberculin skin test. Repeat tuberculosis testing of all internationally Adopted Children with an initially negative tuberculin skin test should be the standard of care for identifying tuberculosis infection and preventing tuberculosis disease in this high-risk population.

Megan R Gunnar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • disinhibited social behavior among internationally Adopted Children
    Development and Psychopathology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jacqueline Bruce, Amanda R Tarullo, Megan R Gunnar
    Abstract:

    Postinstitutionalized Children frequently demonstrate persistent socioemotional difficulties. For example, some postinstitutionalized Children display an unusual lack of social reserve with unfamiliar adults. This behavior, which has been referred to as indiscriminate friendliness, disinhibited attachment behavior, and disinhibited social behavior, was examined by comparing Children internationally Adopted from institutional care to Children internationally Adopted from foster care and Children raised by their biological families. Etiological factors and behavioral correlates were also investigated. Both groups of Adopted Children displayed more disinhibited social behavior than the nonAdopted Children. Of the etiological factors examined, only the length of time in institutional care was related to disinhibited social behavior. Disinhibited social behavior was not significantly correlated with general cognitive ability, attachment-related behaviors, or basic emotion abilities. However, this behavior was negatively associated with inhibitory control abilities even after controlling for the length of time in institutional care. These results suggest that disinhibited social behavior might reflect underlying deficits in inhibitory control.

  • the international adoption project population based surveillance of minnesota parents who Adopted Children internationally
    Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2008
    Co-Authors: Wendy L Hellerstedt, Richard M Lee, Harold D Grotevant, Megan R Gunnar, Nikki J Madsen, Dana E Johnson
    Abstract:

    Objectives To conduct the first population-based surveillance in the United States of parents who Adopted Children from countries outside of the United States.

  • cultural socialization in families with internationally Adopted Children
    Journal of Family Psychology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Richard M Lee, Harold D Grotevant, Wendy L Hellerstedt, Megan R Gunnar
    Abstract:

    Cultural socialization attitudes, beliefs, and parenting behaviors were examined in families with internationally Adopted Children. The authors hypothesized that parents with lower color-blind racial attitudes would be more likely to engage in enculturation and racialization parenting behaviors because they hold stronger beliefs in the value and importance of cultural socialization. Using data from the Minnesota International Adoption Project, the results support this mediation model of cultural socialization. Individual variations in cultural socialization also are discussed in terms of child development and shifting adoption attitudes and practices.

Femmie Juffer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • II. DEVELOPMENT OF Adopted Children WITH HISTORIES OF EARLY ADVERSITY
    Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2011
    Co-Authors: Femmie Juffer, Jesús Palacios, Lucy Le Mare, Edmund J. S. Sonuga‐barke, Wendy Tieman, Marian J. Bakermans-kranenburg, Panayiota Vorria, Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn, Frank C Verhulst
    Abstract:

    This chapter first presents a review of research on the development of Adopted Children, focusing on meta-analytic evidence and highlighting comparisons between Adopted Children with and without histories of early adversity. Some methodological issues arising from this literature are considered as well. Second, 7 longitudinal studies of Adopted Children's development are described, and the convergence of findings across the longitudinal studies and with the cross-sectionally based meta-analytic evidence is discussed. Third, the role of the adoptive family in supporting Adopted Children's development is explored.

  • fostering security a meta analysis of attachment in Adopted Children
    Children and Youth Services Review, 2009
    Co-Authors: Linda Van Den Dries, Femmie Juffer, Marinus H Van Ijzendoorn, Marian J Bakermanskranenburg
    Abstract:

    Adopted Children are hypothesized to be at risk of insecure attachment relationships because of their background of institutional care, maltreatment and neglect. We conducted two series of meta-analyses, one using only observational assessments of attachment and one using both observational and self-report assessments. Observational assessments showed that Children who were Adopted before 12 months of age were as securely attached as their non-Adopted peers, whereas Children Adopted after their first birthday showed less attachment security than non-Adopted Children (d = 0.80, CI = 0.49-1.12). Regarding the overall effect for attachment security, adoptees were comparable to foster Children. Adopted Children showed more disorganized attachments compared to their non-Adopted peers (trimmed d = 0.36, CI = 0.04-0.68), but again were comparable to foster Children (trimmed d = 0.35, CI = 0.02-0.67). Compared to institutionalized Children, adoptees were less often disorganized attached. When self-report measures of attachment were included no difference was found between adoptees and their non-Adopted counterparts (trimmed d = 0.12, CI = - 0.02-0.26, 39 studies, N = 2912 Adopted Children). Compared to institutionalized Children, (early) adoption proves to be an effective intervention in the domain of attachment.

  • adoption is a successful natural intervention enhancing Adopted Children s iq and school performance
    Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2005
    Co-Authors: Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn, Femmie Juffer
    Abstract:

    Is the cognitive development of Adopted Children different from that of (a) Children who have remained in institutional care or in their birth families or (b) their current (environmental) nonAdopted siblings or peers? We attempt to answer these questions on the basis of a meta-analysis of 62 studies including 17,767 Adopted Children. Compared to their nonAdopted siblings or peers who stayed behind, Adopted Children scored substantially higher on IQ tests and they performed much better at school. Compared to their current nonAdopted environmental peers or siblings, Adopted Children showed similar IQ scores but their school performance and language abilities lagged somewhat behind. Most importantly, we found a twofold increase in special-education referrals in Adopted Children compared to their nonAdopted peers. Taken together, the findings document the positive impact of adoption on Children's cognitive development and Adopted Children's remarkably normal cognitive competence but somewhat delayed school p...

  • Adopted Children s problem behavior is significantly related to their ego resiliency ego control and sociometric status
    Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004
    Co-Authors: Femmie Juffer, G J J M Stams, Marinus H Van Ijzendoorn
    Abstract:

    Background:  Many studies have documented that Adopted Children are at higher risk for behavior problems, but less is known about the correlates of their problem behavior. Method:  The correlates of parent-reported and teacher-reported problem behavior in 7-year-old internationally Adopted Children (N = 176) were investigated by examining these Children's ego resiliency, ego control, and sociometric status, and exploring possible risks factors in the home and racial influences. Results:  Using the 25th percentiles lowest and highest scores on ego resiliency and ego control as cut-off criteria, we found that: (1) resilient Children were almost free of behavior problems; (2) overcontrolling Children showed predominantly internalizing behavior problems (33% at school, and 28% at home); (3) undercontrolling Children showed high rates of externalizing behavior problems (50% at school, and 34% at home), and an elevated rate of comorbidity (21% at school, and 21% at home). Adopted Children identified by peer report as controversial or rejected had significantly higher externalizing problem scores than popular, average or neglected Adopted Children. The Adopted Children did not experience much (racial) discrimination. Nevertheless, Children who wished to be white (46%) presented more mother-reported behavior problems. Conclusions:  Our findings replicate R.W. Robins et al.'s (1996) work on three types of personality functioning: resilients, overcontrollers and undercontrollers (identified by J. Block, 1971), extending the model from adolescent boys to school-aged boys and girls, Adopted from Asia and South America. The wish to identify with white parents and white peers may constitute a potential risk factor for internationally Adopted Children in middle childhood.

Helena Lapinleimu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Intestinal parasites may be associated with later behavioral problems in internationally Adopted Children.
    PloS one, 2021
    Co-Authors: Anna-riitta Heikkilä, Marko Elovainio, Hanna Raaska, Jaakko Matomäki, Jari Sinkkonen, Helena Lapinleimu
    Abstract:

    AIM At arrival in new home country, internationally Adopted Children often have intestinal parasites. International adoptees also exhibit more behavioral problems than their biological peers. We examined whether intestinal parasite infections in international adoptees on arrival in Finland are associated with their later behavioral and emotional problems. METHODS Data for this study were sourced from the Finnish Adoption Study (FinAdo) based on parental questionnaires for all internationally Adopted Children under 18 years (n = 1450) who arrived in Finland from 1985 to 2007. A total of 1293 families provided sufficient information on the adoptee's background, parasitic status on arrival, and behavioral symptoms at the median time of 5 years after arrival (mean age = 7.8 years). Behavioral and emotional disorders were evaluated with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Statistical analyses were conducted using linear regression. RESULTS Of the 1293 families, parents of 206 adoptive Children reported intestinal parasites in their Adopted Children on arrival. Parasite-infected Children had subsequently higher CBCL problem scores than the Children without parasites (p < 0.001). The association between intestinal parasites and later behavioral problems was stronger than that between intestinal parasites and any other factors measured in this study, except disability. LIMITATIONS The control group was naturally provided by the Adopted Children without parasite infections, but we could not compare the Adopted Children to non-Adopted Children without a defined parasite infection. We were unable to specify the effects associated with a specific parasite type. It was not possible either to include multiple environmental factors that could have been associated with behavioral problems in the models, which indicated only modest explanatory values. CONCLUSIONS In this study, intestinal parasite infections in early childhood may be associated with Children's later psychological wellbeing, even in Children who move to a country with a low prevalence of parasites. Our findings may support further developments pertaining to the gut-brain theory.

  • internationally Adopted Children in finland parental evaluations of symptoms of reactive attachment disorder and learning difficulties finado study
    Child Care Health and Development, 2012
    Co-Authors: Marko Elovainio, Hanna Raaska, Jaakko Matomäki, Jari Sinkkonen, Sanna Makipaa, Helena Lapinleimu
    Abstract:

    Objective  This study investigated the association between psychological symptoms, such as features of reactive attachment disorder (RAD), and learning difficulties among international adoptees in Finland. Methods  The data for this study came from the FINnish ADOption (FINADO) study covering all internationally Adopted Children in Finland (n= 1450), with a response rate of 55.7%. The subsample consisted of 395 Adopted Children aged 9–15 (51.6% girls, 48.4% boys). Learning difficulties were evaluated by a screening questionnaire ‘Five To Fifteen’ and symptoms of RAD by FINADO RAD scale. Results  The parents estimated that one-third (33.4%) of the internationally Adopted Children had some, and 12.7% had severe learning difficulties, i.e. three and six times more than in normal population, respectively. RAD symptoms at the time of adoption were associated with learning difficulties at school age (OR 4.57, 95% CI 2.57–8.13). Conclusions  Learning difficulties are common among internationally Adopted Children in Finland and symptoms of RAD are associated with a child's learning difficulties.

Natasha Kelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Serologic prevalence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in internationally Adopted Children.
    Helicobacter, 2003
    Co-Authors: Laurie C. Miller, Natasha Kelly, Martijn Tannemaat, Richard J. Grand
    Abstract:

    Background.Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been linked to gastritis, diarrhea, peptic ulcers, failure-to-thrive, anemia, as well as predisposition to gastric malignancies. Because many internationally Adopted Children have diarrhea, failure-to-thrive, and anemia on arrival to the US, we determined the prevalence of HP antibodies among these Children. Methods. Serum samples from 226 unselected Children from 18 countries who were evaluated in the International Adoption Clinic at New England Medical Center were tested for antibodies to H. pylori. The results of serologic screening were analyzed in relation to age at adoption, site of residence prior to adoption, weight and height, and the presence or absence of anemia, diarrhea, or intestinal parasites. Results. 31% of internationally Adopted Children had antibodies to H. pylori. The presence of H. pylori-antibodies was associated with residence in an orphanage (vs. foster care) prior to adoption, older age at adoption, and coinfection with intestinal parasites. No direct effects on height or weight were identified; no associations with diarrhea or anemia were found. Conclusions. Internationally Adopted Children have a high incidence of exposure to H. pylori, as diagnosed serologically. Residence in an orphanage (compared with foster care), older age at adoption, and coinfection with intestinal parasites were more common among Children seropositive for anti-H. pylori antibodies.

  • immunization status of internationally Adopted Children
    Pediatrics, 2001
    Co-Authors: Laurie C. Miller, Kathleen Comfort, Natasha Kelly
    Abstract:

    To the Editor. Many internationally Adopted Children arrive in the United States with incomplete or uncertain vaccination status. Some have suggested that even Children who have received adequate numbers of vaccines for tetanus and polio have inadequate titers, resulting from poor immunogenicity of the vaccines, impaired immune responses (possibly attributable to malnutrition), or incorrect records.1,,2 Some physicians recommend revaccinating all international adoptees at arrival in the United States.3We …