The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Venkatesh Balan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • conversion of lignocellulosic Agave residues into liquid biofuels using an afex based biorefinery
    Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2018
    Co-Authors: Carlos A Floresgomez, Eleazar Escamilla M Silva, Leonardo Da Costa Sousa, Venkatesh Balan, Bruce E Dale, Cheng Zhong
    Abstract:

    Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These Agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, Agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave Salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface design methodology. We also identified commercial enzyme mixtures that maximize sugar yields for AFEX-pretreated Agave bagasse and leaf matter, at ~ 6% glucan (w/w) loading enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pretreated Agave hydrolysates (at a total solids loading of ~ 20%) were used for ethanol fermentation using the glucose- and xylose-consuming strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST), to determine ethanol yields at industrially relevant conditions. Low-severity AFEX pretreatment conditions are required (100–120 °C) to enable efficient enzymatic deconstruction of the Agave cell wall. These studies showed that AFEX-pretreated A. tequilana bagasse, A. tequilana leaf fiber, and A. Salmiana bagasse gave ~ 85% sugar conversion during enzyme hydrolysis and over 90% metabolic yields of ethanol during fermentation without any washing step or nutrient supplementation. On the other hand, although lignocellulosic A. Salmiana leaf gave high sugar conversions, the hydrolysate could not be fermented at high solids loadings, apparently due to the presence of natural inhibitory compounds. These results show that AFEX-pretreated Agave residues can be effectively hydrolyzed at high solids loading using an optimized commercial enzyme cocktail (at 25 mg protein/g glucan) producing > 85% sugar conversions and over 40 g/L bioethanol titers. These results show that AFEX technology has considerable potential to convert lignocellulosic Agave residues to bio-based fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery.

  • conversion of lignocellulosic Agave residues into liquid biofuels using an afex based biorefinery
    Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2018
    Co-Authors: Carlos A Floresgomez, Eleazar Escamilla M Silva, Leonardo Da Costa Sousa, Venkatesh Balan, Bruce E Dale, Cheng Zhong
    Abstract:

    Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These Agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, Agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave Salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface design methodology. We also identified commercial enzyme mixtures that maximize sugar yields for AFEX-pretreated Agave bagasse and leaf matter, at ~ 6% glucan (w/w) loading enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pretreated Agave hydrolysates (at a total solids loading of ~ 20%) were used for ethanol fermentation using the glucose- and xylose-consuming strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST), to determine ethanol yields at industrially relevant conditions. Low-severity AFEX pretreatment conditions are required (100–120 °C) to enable efficient enzymatic deconstruction of the Agave cell wall. These studies showed that AFEX-pretreated A. tequilana bagasse, A. tequilana leaf fiber, and A. Salmiana bagasse gave ~ 85% sugar conversion during enzyme hydrolysis and over 90% metabolic yields of ethanol during fermentation without any washing step or nutrient supplementation. On the other hand, although lignocellulosic A. Salmiana leaf gave high sugar conversions, the hydrolysate could not be fermented at high solids loadings, apparently due to the presence of natural inhibitory compounds. These results show that AFEX-pretreated Agave residues can be effectively hydrolyzed at high solids loading using an optimized commercial enzyme cocktail (at 25 mg protein/g glucan) producing > 85% sugar conversions and over 40 g/L bioethanol titers. These results show that AFEX technology has considerable potential to convert lignocellulosic Agave residues to bio-based fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery.

Janet A Gutierrezuribe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • polysaccharides from Agave Salmiana bagasse improves the storage stability and the cellular uptake of indomethacin nanoemulsions
    Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2021
    Co-Authors: Antonio Jimenezrodriguez, Janet A Gutierrezuribe, Erick Herediaolea, Bertha A Barbadavila, Marilena Antunesricardo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Agave Salmiana is one of the most used Agave species to produce aguamiel, but once the aguamiel extraction is done, Agave bagasse is discarded or used as animal feed. Agave bagasse contains high content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, making it an excellent natural source of biopolymers. This study evaluated the effect of A. Salmiana polysaccharide concentration (0, 0.5, or 1.0%) on the stability of oil-in-water indomethacin nanoemulsions under different conditions of pH (5, 7, or 9) and storage temperatures (4, 25, or 40 °C). The effects of these nanoemulsions on the cellular uptake and the production of nitric oxide as an anti-inflammatory biomarker were also evaluated. Indomethacin nanoemulsions were highly influenced by the pH, temperature, and the concentration of the Agave bagasse polysaccharides (ABP) present in the continuous phase. In an in vitro model, using human skin fibroblast cells, the ABP-coated indomethacin emulsions showed improved cellular uptake of indomethacin by 3.03 and 6.33 times over the indomethacin nanoemulsion without ABP. Indomethacin nanoemulsions with 0.5% and 1.0% ABP reduced nitric oxide production by 30% comparing to indomethacin nanoemulsion without ABP. This study demonstrated the potential of Agave bagasse polysaccharide as a natural emulsion stabilizer and an enhancer of topical anti-inflammatory activity of indomethacin.

  • effect of ultrasound intensification on the supercritical fluid extraction of phytochemicals from Agave Salmiana bagasse
    Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2019
    Co-Authors: Liliana Santoszea, Janet A Gutierrezuribe, J Benedito
    Abstract:

    The authors are grateful for the financial support from CONACYT CVU 270166, Mexico; NutriOmics Chair from Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico; and Nutrigenomics Research Chair from Fundacion FEMSA, Mexico. We thank the technical support from the ASPA group technicians and Albino Vargas from AGMEL S.A de C.V for donating Agave bagasse for this project

  • enhancement of saponins and flavonols by micropropagation of Agave Salmiana
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2017
    Co-Authors: Cesar A Puentegarza, Silverio Garcialara, Janet A Gutierrezuribe
    Abstract:

    Abstract Besides the use of micropropagation to generate massive production of plants, it is an excellent option to produce secondary metabolites under controlled environmental conditions in a large scale. Biological effects have been attributed to phytochemicals found in Agave spp. In previous works , Agave Salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck plants have been successfully micropropagated but it is not known how this process and the conditions used during plant acclimation affect the phytochemical profile. A total of 7 flavonols and 5 saponins were quantified in in vitro micropropagated plants (IN) as well as in acclimated regenerated plants in open environment (EN). Flavonols were quantified by HPLC-DAD as equivalents of kaempferol or quercetin (aglycone standards). In wild-type plants (WT), only one herbacetin glycoside (HBG1) and one quercetin glycoside (QG1) were detected. HBG1 was the most abundant flavonol found in WT (14.7 mg/100 g dw), IN (16.3 mg/100 g dw) and EN (38.4 mg/100 g). Saponins were quantified by HPLC-ELSD as protodioscin equivalents (PE). Saponins identified were glycosides of chlorogenin, tigogenin and hecogenin. Tigogenin glycoside (TG) was only found in the plants that passed through the in vitro process and it was the most abundant saponin. Particularly, tigogenin glycoside (TG) was more abundant in IN (6895.2 mg PE/100 g dw) than in EN (4997.8 mg PE/100 g dw) plants. In summary, in vitro micropropagated plants had higher concentration of flavonols and saponins compared with the wild type Agave plants.

  • fast centrifugal partition chromatography fractionation of concentrated Agave Agave Salmiana sap to obtain saponins with apoptotic effect on colon cancer cells
    Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2016
    Co-Authors: Liliana Santoszea, Oscar R Fajardoramirez, Irasema Romolopez, Janet A Gutierrezuribe
    Abstract:

    Separation of potentially bioactive components from foods and plant extracts is one of the main challenges for their study. Centrifugal partition chromatography has been a successful technique for the screening and identification of molecules with bioactive potential, such as steroidal saponins. Agave is a source of steroidal saponins with anticancer potential, though the activity of these compounds in concentrated Agave sap has not been yet explored. In this study, fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) was used coupled with in vitro tests on HT-29 cells as a screening procedure to identify apoptotic saponins from an acetonic extract of concentrated Agave sap. The three most bioactive fractions obtained by FCPC at partition coefficients between 0.23 and 0.4 contained steroidal saponins, predominantly magueyoside b. Flow cytometry analysis determined that the fraction rich in kammogenin and manogenin glycosides induced apoptosis, but when gentrogenin and hecogenin glycosides were also found in the fraction, a necrotic effect was observed. In conclusion, this study provides the evidence that steroidal saponins in concentrated Agave sap were potential inductors of apoptosis and that it was possible to separate them using fast centrifugal partition chromatography.

  • effect of Agave americana and Agave Salmiana ripeness on saponin content from aguamiel Agave sap
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ana Maria Lealdiaz, Liliana Santoszea, Hilda Cecilia Martinezescobedo, Daniel Guajardoflores, Janet A Gutierrezuribe, Sergio O Sernasaldivar
    Abstract:

    Steroidal saponins have shown beneficial health effects. Agave spp. leaves and rhizomes are sources of these compounds, but their presence has not been reported in the aguamiel. Aguamiel is the sweet edible sap from mature Agave, and its quality is influenced by the plant ripening stage. The purpose of this research was to identify and quantitate saponins in aguamiel from Agave americana and Agave Salmiana at two ripening stages. Saponins and sapogenins were identified with HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF and quantitated with HPLC/ELSD. Results proved the presence of saponins derived from kammogenin, manogenin, gentrogenin, and hecogenin. The saponin content in aguamiel from immature A. Salmiana was 2-fold higher (478.3 protodioscin equivalents (PE) μg/g aguamiel (DM)) compared with A. americana (179.0 PE μg/g aguamiel (DM)). In both species, saponin content decreased when plants reached sexual maturity. This should be considered before evaluating the effects of Agave spp. as a source of bioactive saponins.

Rosalva Moraescobedo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tratamientos de desintegracion de desechos de Agave Salmiana caracterizacion de la lignocelulosa por estudios fisicoquimicos termogravimetricos y espectroscopicos
    Revista Bio Ciencias, 2018
    Co-Authors: R Chavezromero, A Floresmorales, Hernani Yeemadeira, J C Garciazebadua, M Gonzalezmontoya, Rosalva Moraescobedo
    Abstract:

    Los residuos biologicos de la produccion de aguamiel como las hojas de Agave Salmiana , son ricos en carbohidratos. Estos materiales pueden ser reciclados para obtener componentes para diferentes industrias y sectores bioenergeticos. Una separacion completa de cada componente por metodos de desintegracion fisicoquimica brinda la posibilidad de recuperar bioproductos.  El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la influencia de una secuencia de tratamientos fisicoquimicos sobre la desintegracion de hojas de A. Salmiana despues de la extraccion de savia para obtener lignocelulosa. Las hojas de Agave se pulverizaron (M0), se trataron con eter de petroleo (M1), agua (M2), solucion alcalina (M3), clorito de sodio y peroxido de hidrogeno (M4). Se determino la composicion quimica de M0 y fibra detergente neutro (M0-M4). La lignocelulosa se analizo mediante espectroscopia infrarroja con Fourier (FT-IR),  difraccion de rayos X (XRD) y analisis termogravimetrico (TGA). Estos tratamientos llevaron al enriquecimiento de celulosa (18.67-78.88 %), mientras que la cristalinidad mas alta se alcanzo con la hidrolisis alcalina (65.66 %). Se encontro a traves de la espectroscopia infrarroja que el blanqueamiento redujo la cristalinidad (48.73 %) y la reduccion de la senal de los enlaces aromaticos C=O y C=C de la lignina. Usando el analisis termogravimetrico, se demostro la eliminacion de carbohidratos y el fraccionamiento de la lignina, asi como una mayor estabilidad termica de la lignocelulosa M3 (340 °C). Una alta cristalinidad y estabilidad termica de lignocelulosa M4 es deseable para obtener mejores biomateriales. Finalmente, el blanqueo aumento la celulosa amorfa, que puede ser utilizada para producir biocombustibles o materiales de injerto. Estos resultados proporcionan una alternativa y una posible forma innovadora de aprovechar los desechos de Agave en beneficio de la agroindustria.

  • aislamiento y caracterizacion de celulosas obtenidas de fibras de Agave Salmiana aplicando dos metodos de extraccion acido alcali
    Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 2017
    Co-Authors: Cuauhtemoc De Dios Naranjo, Hernani Yeemadeira, Liliana Alamillabeltran, Gustavo F Gutierrezlopez, Eduardo Terresrojas, Sofia Romerovargas, Javier Solorzaferia, Areli Floresmorales, Rosalva Moraescobedo
    Abstract:

    Para aprovechar las pencas de Agaves (A. Salmiana) una vez que se retiran de la pina de la planta, se obtuvieron fibras. Las hojas fueron tratadas con hidrolisis acida (HCl) e hidrolisis alcalina (NaOH), usando presion de 1.1 kg/cm2 (FACT acido-alcali con presion), a 121 °C por 4 h y otro tratamiento a presion atmosferica con reflujo (FACT acido-alcali sin presion). Se determino el porcentaje de celulosa y lignina, asi como los cambios fisicoquimicos por medio de calorimetria diferencial de barrido (DSC), termogravimetria (TG), Difraccion de rayos X (DRX), Espectroscopia infrarroja (IR) y Microscopia electronica de barrido ambiental (MEB). El mayor contenido de celulosa (79.95%) se obtuvo para el tratamiento FACT acido-alcali sin presion, presentando tambien una mayor cristalinidad (50.07). La microestructura mostro que el tratamiento FACT acido-alcali con presion mostro mas espacios vacios, esto debido a la degradacion de las fibras, lo cual se asocia a una perdida de celulosa. Ambos tratamientos afectaron la estructura y composicion de las fibras de Agave.

  • aislamiento y caracterizacion de celulosas obtenidas de fibras de Agave Salmiana aplicando dos metodos de extraccion acido alcali isolation and characterization of cellulose obtained from Agave Salmiana fibers using two acid alkali extraction methods
    2016
    Co-Authors: Cuauhtemoc De Dios Naranjo, Hernani Yeemadeira, Liliana Alamillabeltran, Gustavo F Gutierrezlopez, Eduardo Terresrojas, Javier Solorza, Sofia Romerovargas, Floresmorales Areli, Rosalva Moraescobedo
    Abstract:

    Fibers were obtained in order to make use of the Agave leaves (A. Salmiana) once the heart of the plant was removed. The leaves were treated with acid hydrolysis (HCl) and alkaline hydrolysis (NaOH), using a pressure of 1.1 kg/ cm 2 (acid-alkali TAF with pressure). The percentage of cellulose and lignin was determined, as well as the physicochemical changes through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). The highest cellulose content (79.95%) was obtained from the acid-alkali TAF treatment without pressure, presenting a higher crystallinity as well (50.07). The microstructure showed that the acid-alkali TAF treatment with pressure presented more empty spaces, this due to the degradation of the fibers which is associated with cellulose loss. Both treatments affected the structure and composition of the Agave fibers.

Liliana Santoszea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of ultrasound intensification on the supercritical fluid extraction of phytochemicals from Agave Salmiana bagasse
    Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2019
    Co-Authors: Liliana Santoszea, Janet A Gutierrezuribe, J Benedito
    Abstract:

    The authors are grateful for the financial support from CONACYT CVU 270166, Mexico; NutriOmics Chair from Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico; and Nutrigenomics Research Chair from Fundacion FEMSA, Mexico. We thank the technical support from the ASPA group technicians and Albino Vargas from AGMEL S.A de C.V for donating Agave bagasse for this project

  • fast centrifugal partition chromatography fractionation of concentrated Agave Agave Salmiana sap to obtain saponins with apoptotic effect on colon cancer cells
    Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2016
    Co-Authors: Liliana Santoszea, Oscar R Fajardoramirez, Irasema Romolopez, Janet A Gutierrezuribe
    Abstract:

    Separation of potentially bioactive components from foods and plant extracts is one of the main challenges for their study. Centrifugal partition chromatography has been a successful technique for the screening and identification of molecules with bioactive potential, such as steroidal saponins. Agave is a source of steroidal saponins with anticancer potential, though the activity of these compounds in concentrated Agave sap has not been yet explored. In this study, fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) was used coupled with in vitro tests on HT-29 cells as a screening procedure to identify apoptotic saponins from an acetonic extract of concentrated Agave sap. The three most bioactive fractions obtained by FCPC at partition coefficients between 0.23 and 0.4 contained steroidal saponins, predominantly magueyoside b. Flow cytometry analysis determined that the fraction rich in kammogenin and manogenin glycosides induced apoptosis, but when gentrogenin and hecogenin glycosides were also found in the fraction, a necrotic effect was observed. In conclusion, this study provides the evidence that steroidal saponins in concentrated Agave sap were potential inductors of apoptosis and that it was possible to separate them using fast centrifugal partition chromatography.

  • effect of Agave americana and Agave Salmiana ripeness on saponin content from aguamiel Agave sap
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ana Maria Lealdiaz, Liliana Santoszea, Hilda Cecilia Martinezescobedo, Daniel Guajardoflores, Janet A Gutierrezuribe, Sergio O Sernasaldivar
    Abstract:

    Steroidal saponins have shown beneficial health effects. Agave spp. leaves and rhizomes are sources of these compounds, but their presence has not been reported in the aguamiel. Aguamiel is the sweet edible sap from mature Agave, and its quality is influenced by the plant ripening stage. The purpose of this research was to identify and quantitate saponins in aguamiel from Agave americana and Agave Salmiana at two ripening stages. Saponins and sapogenins were identified with HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF and quantitated with HPLC/ELSD. Results proved the presence of saponins derived from kammogenin, manogenin, gentrogenin, and hecogenin. The saponin content in aguamiel from immature A. Salmiana was 2-fold higher (478.3 protodioscin equivalents (PE) μg/g aguamiel (DM)) compared with A. americana (179.0 PE μg/g aguamiel (DM)). In both species, saponin content decreased when plants reached sexual maturity. This should be considered before evaluating the effects of Agave spp. as a source of bioactive saponins.

  • effect of Agave americana and Agave Salmiana ripeness on saponin content from aguamiel Agave sap
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ana Maria Lealdiaz, Liliana Santoszea, Hilda Cecilia Martinezescobedo, Daniel Guajardoflores, Janet A Gutierrezuribe, Sergio O Sernasaldivar
    Abstract:

    Steroidal saponins have shown beneficial health effects. Agave spp. leaves and rhizomes are sources of these compounds, but their presence has not been reported in the aguamiel. Aguamiel is the sweet edible sap from mature Agave, and its quality is influenced by the plant ripening stage. The purpose of this research was to identify and quantitate saponins in aguamiel from Agave americana and Agave Salmiana at two ripening stages. Saponins and sapogenins were identified with HPLC/ESI-MS/TOF and quantitated with HPLC/ELSD. Results proved the presence of saponins derived from kammogenin, manogenin, gentrogenin, and hecogenin. The saponin content in aguamiel from immature A. Salmiana was 2-fold higher (478.3 protodioscin equivalents (PE) μg/g aguamiel (DM)) compared with A. americana (179.0 PE μg/g aguamiel (DM)). In both species, saponin content decreased when plants reached sexual maturity. This should be considered before evaluating the effects of Agave spp. as a source of bioactive saponins.

Cecilia B Penavaldivia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • variacion intraespecifica de Agave mapisaga trel y Agave Salmiana otto ex salm dyck asparagaceae relacionada con los usos ancestrales en la region hnahnu en el centro de mexico
    Agrociencia, 2019
    Co-Authors: Juan Antonio Reyesaguero, Juan Rogelio Aguirrerivera, Cecilia B Penavaldivia, Jorge L Moralopez
    Abstract:

    espanolLa interaccion entre el maguey (Agave spp.) y los humanos en Mesoamerica ha introducido gran diversidad en el genero. Entre las localidades indigenas en el centro-norte de Mesoamerica, los pueblos hnahnu y mestizos con cultura hnahnu preservan usos tradicionales del maguey. El objetivo de este estudio fue documentar la variacion intraespecifica de maguey, de dos especies de Agave (A. mapisaga Trel. y A. Salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck.), para la produccion de pulque, en 12 localidades del centro de Mexico dentro de la cultura hnahnu, evaluar la relacion entre los usos y las variantes de maguey y estimar el patrimonio biocultural del maguey en la region. Nuestra hipotesis fue que la riqueza actual de las variantes de maguey en la region centro-norte mesoamericana esta directamente relacionada con su variedad de usos, la cual ha persistido desde la epoca prehispanica. El diseno experimental fue completamente aleatorio e incluyo 12 localidades hnahnu y mestiza en el centro de Mexico. Informantes clave (16) en seis localidades se entrevistaron y se recolectaron variantes de maguey de ambientes silvestres y cultivados. Un analisis multivariado clasifico las localidades en funcion de sus variantes de maguey y usos. La variacion intraespecifica del maguey para pulque incluyo seis variantes de A. mapisaga y 19 de A. Salmiana. En las localidades hnahnu y mestizas hubo 21 y 15 variantes biologicas. Agave Salmiana destaca por su riqueza de variantes (39 % de las variantes biologicas). La mitad de las variantes fueron exclusivas de una sola localidad. La variante indicadora de las localidades mestizas fue ayoteco y las de las localidades hnahnu son k’ank’uada y damni. Las variantes de Agave se clasificaron en seis grupos, el mas numeroso es para la produccion de aguamiel, tallos florales, dulces, hojas para alimentos, construccion y medicina y como hospedador de larvas (“gusanos”). Dieciseis usos se registraron. La mas utilizada es A. Salmiana, le sigue A. Salmiana ssp. Crassispina y A. mapisaga. Los usos actuales mas importantes son para obtener aguamiel, forraje, materiales para construccion, y como sustrato para gusanos rojos y blancos (Aegiale hesperiaris e Hypopta agavis). EnglishThe interaction between maguey (Agave spp.) and people in Mesoamerica has induced high diversity in the genus. Among several indigenous localities in Central Northern Mesoamerica, the Hnahnu and mestizos towns with Hnahnu culture preserve maguey’s traditional use. The objective of this study was to document the maguey intraspecific variation of two Agave species (A. mapisaga Trel. and A. Salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck.), for “pulque” production, at 12 localities in Central Mexico within the Hnahnu culture area, and to assess the relationship between the uses and maguey variants and to estimate the biocultural heritage of maguey. Our hypothesis was that current maguey variant richness at the central northern Mesoamerican region directly relates to the variety for its use, which have persisted since prehispanic times. The experimental design was completely randomized and included 12 localities from the Hnahnu and mestizo localities in central Mexico. Key informants (16) from six localities were interviewed and maguey variants collected, both, from wild and cultivated environments. A multivariate analysis classified the localities based on its maguey variants and according to their uses. The intraspecific variation of the pulque maguey includes six A. mapisaga variants and 19 from A. Salmiana. There were 21 biological variants at the Hnahnu and 15 in the mestizo localities. Agave Salmiana stands out for its highest variant richness (39 % of the biological variants). A half of the variants are exclusive to a single locality. The indicator variant of the mestizo localities is ayoteco, and those of the Hnahnu localities are k’ank’uada and damni. The Agave variants were classified in six groups, the most numerous group for “aguamiel” production, flowering stalk as candy, leaves for food, construction and medicine and as host of larvae (“worms”). Sixteen uses were recorded. Agave Salmiana is the most used, followed by A. Salmiana ssp. crassispina and A. mapisaga. The most important current uses are: for obtaining aguamiel, forage, construction materials and substrate for red and white worms (Aegiale hesperiaris and Hypopta agavis).

  • maguey Agave Salmiana infructescence morphology and its relationship to yield components
    Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2018
    Co-Authors: Minerva Huertalovera, Cecilia B Penavaldivia, Antonio Garciaesteva, Josue Kohashishibata, Huitzimengari Camposgarcia, Juan Rogelio Aguirrerivera
    Abstract:

    Agaves are long-lived semelparous plants that produce a high number of seeds, in dehiscent capsules, on the apical section of a stalk, up to 5 m long, after 8–25 years. These and other characteristics such as yield and yield components are scarcely evaluated in the plants of the Agave genus. The objective of this study was to quantify the capsules and seeds yield of A. Salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck plants simultaneously maturing and growing in the same region. Infructescences of three plants simultaneously growing at San Luis Potosi, Mexico, were harvested. On them we evaluated the number of umbels, capsules and seeds (normal and sterile) and their mass per plant. The study was developed on a completely randomized design with each infructescence as an experimental unit. Also, the type distribution of the number and mass of these yield components along the stalk was evaluated with the Chi square test for goodness of fit, the Shapiro–Wilks for normality tests, asymmetry and kurtosis. Data were analyzed with the ANOVA and multiple comparisons by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The number of umbels per plant (17–25), capsule per umbel (2–179) and per plant (554–1990), normal seed per capsule (0–297), normal seeds per plant (30,610–186,209) and sterile seeds per plant (211,059–619,251) widely and significantly varied among infructescences. Biomass of capsules per plant umbel (3–795 g), biomass of sterile and normal seeds per capsule (0.071–1.449 and 0–3.320 g), per umbel (0.34–97.76 and 0.21–185.26 g) and per plant (182–1052 and 334–2069 g) also varied widely. Seed yield was statistically different between plants simultaneously growing and maturing at the same site.

  • effects of substrate water potential in root growth of Agave Salmiana otto ex salm dyck seedlings
    Biological Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Cecilia B Penavaldivia, Adriana Beatriz Sanchezurdaneta
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that root of maguey (Agave Salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck) seedlings reacts during the first 24 h to low substrate water potential (PsiW), by anatomical modifications. Three-4 cm root length seedlings were planted in vermiculite for 24 h at PsiW between -0.03 and -2.35 MPa. Root dimensions, proline content and anatomy were evaluated. Substrate PsiW between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa did not significantly affect longitudinal root growth. However, proline content significantly increased from 1.6 to 2.1 micromoles mg(-1). Significant reductions of transverse root area (41%), thickness of mucilage covering the epidermis (47%), thickness of epidermis (between 15 and 46%), area of the parenchyma (between 35 and 41%) and number of vessels (up to 28%) were observed with PsiW of -2.35 MPa. In contrast, thickness of xylem wall, diameter of xylem vessels and the number of cells of the cortex of the differentiation root region significantly increased (64, 17, and 97%, respectively). The anatomical changes associated with low substrate PsiW indicate a net increase of root apoplatic paths; structures involved in water conduction increased their diameter under low substrate PsiW conditions and anatomical changes occurred during the first 24 h of water stress.

  • efectos del potencial de agua en el crecimiento radical de plantulas de Agave Salmiana otto ex salm dyck
    Interciencia, 2004
    Co-Authors: Adriana Beatriz Sanchezurdaneta, Cecilia B Penavaldivia, Carlos Trejo, Elizabeth Cardenas
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to characterise the effects of substrate water potential ( ΨW) of the physiological and biophysical characteristics of root ...