The Experts below are selected from a list of 195 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sylwia Bokuniewicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Faith in a just world and ways to combine with stress and Ambiguous Situation
E-methodology, 2020Co-Authors: Sylwia BokuniewiczAbstract:Aim. The research undertaken by the author is aimed at explaining how people whobelieve in the justice of the world deal with Situations of ambiguity and related uncertainty.It was also assumed that the manifested aversion to ambiguity in the subjects correlatedwith the need for cognitive closure and that people who believe in a just world judge theirown effectiveness better, and that people used different strategies to reduce discomfort(stress) related to uncertainty and ambiguity.Methods. The method by which it was possible to answer the research problem posedwas a correlation analysis. Five questionnaires were used: the M. Kossowska cognitive closurescale (2003), the E. F. Mcquarri and D. G. Mick ambiguity tolerance scale, the C. DalbertJust World scale (in-house translation), the COPE inventory and the GSES scale.Results and conclusions. The analyses show that all three hypotheses put forward bythe author are confi rmed. Along with increasing tolerance of ambiguity, the preference fororder and predictability decreases. In turn, as faith in the just world increases, it increasesstrongly (as a component of the need for cognitive closure). It has also been confi rmed thatpeople apply equal strategies for coping with stress in diffi cult Situations to reduce discomfort.Most people surveyed believe in world justice, the more often they use active coping,planning, seeking instrumental support, avoiding competitive activities, turning to religion,positive re-evaluation and development, refraining from action and acceptance as a copingstrategy, less often they reach for alcohol and other psychoactive substances. Finally, theauthor presents the limitations of the research carried out and proposes directions for furtheranalysis to fi nally indicate the possibilities of applying the results in practice.
Christophe Féron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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More exploratory house mice judge an Ambiguous Situation more negatively
Animal Cognition, 2020Co-Authors: Aurélie Verjat, Paul Devienne, Heiko G. Rödel, Christophe FéronAbstract:Exploration tendency, one of the most investigated animal personality traits, may be driven by either positive (when seeking interesting information) or negative (to reduce the uncertainty of the environment) affective/emotional profiles. To disentangle the valence of the affective state associated with exploration trait, we applied a judgment bias test to evaluate the animals’ responses in an Ambiguous Situation, allowing an assessment of their affective state or mood. Experiments were carried out in male house mice ( Mus musculus ) of wild origin. Individual differences in exploration tendency were assessed by repeated open field and novel object tests. To evaluate the animals’ judgment bias, we trained the subjects for 8 days in a 3-arm maze to discriminate between two extreme locations (outer arms: either positively reinforced with sugary water or less-positively reinforced with plain water), in terms of a shorter latency to approach the positively reinforced arm. After this learning criterion was reached, we repeatedly tested their responses to an Ambiguous location (intermediate arm). The latencies to approach and consume the Ambiguous reward were highly repeatable over the 3 days of testing; hence individuals expressed a stable judgment bias. Most importantly, more exploratory animals showed a more negative judgment bias, which supports the hypothesis that a higher exploration tendency was associated with a negative affective state. Further studies should investigate whether exploration in different Situations might be due to distinct affective states.
Hye Yoon Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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HybTrack: A hybrid single particle tracking software using manual and automatic detection of dim signals
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Byung-hun Lee, Hye Yoon ParkAbstract:Single particle tracking is a compelling technique for investigating the dynamics of nanoparticles and biological molecules in a broad range of research fields. In particular, recent advances in fluorescence microscopy have made single molecule tracking a prevalent method for studying biomolecules with a high spatial and temporal precision. Particle tracking algorithms have matured over the past three decades into more easily accessible platforms. However, there is an inherent difficulty in tracing particles that have a low signal-to-noise ratio and/or heterogeneous subpopulations. Here, we present a new MATLAB based tracking program which combines the benefits of manual and automatic tracking methods. The program prompts the user to manually locate a particle when an Ambiguous Situation occurs during automatic tracking. We demonstrate the utility of this program by tracking the movement of β-actin mRNA in the dendrites of cultured hippocampal neurons. We show that the diffusion coefficient of β-actin mRNA decreases upon neuronal stimulation by bicuculline treatment. This tracking method enables an efficient dissection of the dynamic regulation of biological molecules in highly complex intracellular environments.
Sarita Mehta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Race, Ambivalent Sexism, and Perceptions of Situations When Police Shoot Black Women:
Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2021Co-Authors: Jazmin L. Brown-iannuzzi, Erin Cooley, William Cipolli, Sarita MehtaAbstract:The current research investigates people’s attitudes toward an Ambiguous Situation of police violence against a woman suspect. We hypothesize that the suspect’s race and participants’ ambivalent se...
Aurélie Verjat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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More exploratory house mice judge an Ambiguous Situation more negatively
Animal Cognition, 2020Co-Authors: Aurélie Verjat, Paul Devienne, Heiko G. Rödel, Christophe FéronAbstract:Exploration tendency, one of the most investigated animal personality traits, may be driven by either positive (when seeking interesting information) or negative (to reduce the uncertainty of the environment) affective/emotional profiles. To disentangle the valence of the affective state associated with exploration trait, we applied a judgment bias test to evaluate the animals’ responses in an Ambiguous Situation, allowing an assessment of their affective state or mood. Experiments were carried out in male house mice ( Mus musculus ) of wild origin. Individual differences in exploration tendency were assessed by repeated open field and novel object tests. To evaluate the animals’ judgment bias, we trained the subjects for 8 days in a 3-arm maze to discriminate between two extreme locations (outer arms: either positively reinforced with sugary water or less-positively reinforced with plain water), in terms of a shorter latency to approach the positively reinforced arm. After this learning criterion was reached, we repeatedly tested their responses to an Ambiguous location (intermediate arm). The latencies to approach and consume the Ambiguous reward were highly repeatable over the 3 days of testing; hence individuals expressed a stable judgment bias. Most importantly, more exploratory animals showed a more negative judgment bias, which supports the hypothesis that a higher exploration tendency was associated with a negative affective state. Further studies should investigate whether exploration in different Situations might be due to distinct affective states.