The Experts below are selected from a list of 1989 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

John Loughrin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community in an Anaerobic swine waste treatment Lagoon
    2010
    Co-Authors: Kimberly L Cook, Michael J Rothrock, Nanh Lovanh, John K Sorrell, John Loughrin
    Abstract:

    Microorganisms are central to both the beneficial (organic degradation, nutrient removal, biogas production) and detrimental (odor production, pathogen contamination) effects of swine waste storage systems. In this study, both quantitative (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and qualitative (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, cloning, sequence analysis) molecular analyses were used to track spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community of swine slurry from a 0.4 ha Anaerobic Lagoon. The Lagoon, located in a region of western Kentucky which has a humid, subtropical environment, was sampled on a monthly basis (n=10) over a period of one year at four different depths (top, 51 cm from the top, 152 cm from the top, and bottom >198 cm). The concentration and diversity of Bacteroides sp. was seasonal (up to 90% decrease between March and June). Hespellia sp. and other clostridial species, on the other hand, were endemic in the slurry (concentrations up to 1.0x10(7) cells mL(-1) slurry) regardless of time of the year or Lagoon depth. Results suggest that there were seasonal effects on the microbial community in the swine Lagoon, while the effect of depth was not as pronounced. Seasonal changes in the microbial community in stored wastes may be (directly or indirectly) correlated with changes in malodor emissions from Lagoons.

  • reduction of malodorous compounds from a treated swine Anaerobic Lagoon
    2006
    Co-Authors: John Loughrin, Ariel A Szogi, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    There is a need for treatment technologies that can eliminate environmental problems associated with Anaerobic Lagoons. These technologies must be able to capture nutrients, kill pathogens, and reduce emissions of ammonia and nuisance odors. To meet these needs, a full-scale wastewater treatment plant was installed as a demonstration project on one of three 4360-pig (Sus scrofa) production units in a finishing farm in Duplin County, North Carolina. Once the treatment plant was operational, flow of raw manure into the unit’s corresponding Lagoon was discontinued and the Lagoon was used to store treated wastewater. Water quality was monitored in the converted Lagoon and in the two conventional Lagoons. A gas chromatographic method was developed to measure concentration of five selected malodorous compounds (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatole) in liquid Lagoon samples. Dramatic improvements in the water quality parameters TKN, NH3–N, solids, COD, and BOD in the converted waste Lagoon paralleled reductions in malodorous compounds. Nine months after conversion, identified malodorous compounds in liquid extractions averaged 6.6 and 38.8 ng mL 21 in water from the converted Lagoon and the conventional Lagoons, respectively. The reduction was particularly marked for p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, and skatole, all of which make important contributions to swine waste odors due to their characteristic odors and low detection thresholds.

Matias B. Vanotti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • improved water quality and reduction of odorous compounds in Anaerobic Lagoon columns receiving pre treated pig wastewater
    2018
    Co-Authors: Ariel A Szogi, John H Loughrin, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    Large volumes of wastewater from confined pig production are stored in Anaerobic Lagoons. Control methods are needed to reduce air pollution by foul odors released from these Lagoons. In a pilot-scale experiment, we evaluated the effect of pig wastewater pre-treatment on reducing the concentration of selected malodor compounds in Lagoons receiving liquid from: (1) flocculant enhanced solid-liquid separation (SS), and (2) solid-liquid separation plus biological N treatment using nitrification-denitrification (SS+NDN). A conventional Anaerobic Lagoon was included as a control. Concentrations of five selected malodorous compounds (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatole) and water quality parameters (ammonia-nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand) were determined in Lagoon effluents. The SS+NDN pretreatment was more efficient than the SS in reducing odorous compounds in the Lagoon liquid. The SS+NDN reduced by about 99% the liquid concentrations of all selected compounds. An odor panel test revealed that SS was ineffective to reduce the human sense of malodor with respect to the control. Whereas the SS+NDN had the significant lowest odor intensity and unpleasantness. These results are supported by the strong correlations found between the sum of odorous compound concentration with odor panel results and concentrations of both ammonium-nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand in Lagoon liquid samples.

  • decline of phosphorus copper and zinc in Anaerobic swine Lagoon columns receiving pretreated influent
    2016
    Co-Authors: Ariel A Szogi, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    Land application of both Anaerobic Lagoon liquid and sludge can increase nutrient accumulation beyond the soil’s assimilative capacity and become a threat to water quality in regions with intensive, confined swine production. In a 15-month meso-scale column study, we evaluated the effect of manure pretreatment on the reduction of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive P (SRP), and total copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in swine Lagoons using (i) enhanced solid-liquid separation (SS) and (ii) solid-liquid separation plus biological nitrogen treatment with nitrification-denitrification (SS + NDN). A conventional Anaerobic Lagoon treatment was included as a control. A mass flow balance revealed that with both pretreatments the net mass input of TP, Cu, and Zn in the Lagoon columns declined 80 to 100 % when compared to the control. Even though both pretreatments significantly reduced P in the inflow, TP and SRP were negatively correlated (r = -0.51 to -0.87) with TSS in the liquid fraction because of the dissolution of P from sludge into the overlying Lagoon liquid. On the other hand, the removal of solids by both pretreatments effectively reduced Cu and Zn concentrations in the Lagoon liquid, and their concentrations were positively correlated (r = 0.79 to 0.90) with TSS. The decline in mass accumulation of TP, Cu, and Zn in sludge as a result of the reduction of input solids can help minimize both the frequency of sludge removal for Lagoon maintenance and the land area for its disposal.

  • water quality and nitrogen mass loss from Anaerobic Lagoon columns receiving pretreated influent
    2014
    Co-Authors: Ariel A Szogi, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    Control methods are needed to abate NH losses from swine Anaerobic Lagoons to reduce the contribution of confined swine operations to air pollution. In a 15-mo meso-scale column study, we evaluated the effect of manure pretreatment on water quality, reduction of N losses, and sludge accumulation in swine Lagoons using (i) enhanced solid-liquid separation with polymer (SS) and (ii) solid-liquid separation plus biological N treatment using nitrification-denitrification (SS + NDN). A conventional Anaerobic Lagoon was included as a control. Concentrations of total Kjeldahl N (TKN), total ammoniacal N (TAN), and NO-N were monitored during the course of the study, and the volumes of column liquid and sludge were used to estimate N mass flows. At the end of the study, TKN and TAN concentrations in the liquid of SS columns were 35 and 37% lower than the control, respectively, and TKN and TAN concentrations in SS + NDN were 97 and 99% lower than the control. The N mass flow analysis revealed that SS reduced total N inflow by 30% and SS + NDN by 82% compared with the control. The SS was ineffective at reducing NH losses compared with the control. Instead, SS + NDN effectively reduced total NH losses by 50%, most of which occurred during the first 6 mo of the study. Although both pretreatments can stop the mass accumulation of total N in sludge, SS + NDN had the advantage of improving water quality and abating NH emissions from treated Lagoons. As an additional environmental benefit, SS + NDN effluents could be used for crop irrigation without the risk of NH losses during land application.

  • denitrification of nitrified and non nitrified swine Lagoon wastewater in the suspended sludge layer of treatment wetlands
    2009
    Co-Authors: Patrick G. Hunt, Kenneth C. Stone, T. A. Matheny, M. E. Poach, Matias B. Vanotti, Thomas F. Ducey
    Abstract:

    One method for managing livestock-wastewater N is the use of treatment wetlands. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the magnitude of denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in the suspended sludge layers of bulrush and cattail treatment wetlands, and (2) evaluate the impact of nitrogen pretreatment on DEA in the suspended sludge layer. The study used four wetland cells (3.6 m × 33.5 m) with two cells connected in series. Each wetland series received either untreated or partially nitrified swine wastewater from a single-cell Anaerobic Lagoon. The DEA of the suspended sludge layers of the constructed wetlands was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. The control DEA treatment for the sludge layer had a mean rate of 18 gN 2O-N g−1 sludge h−1. Moreover, the potential DEA (nitrate-N and glucose-C added) mean was very large, 121 gN 2O-N g −1 sludge h −1 . These DEA rates are consistent with the previously reported high levels of nitrogen removal by denitrification from these wetlands, especially when the wastewater was partially nitrified. Stepwise regression using distance within the wetland, wastewater nitrate, and wastewater ammonia explained much of the variation in DEA rates. In both bulrush and cattail wetlands, there were zones of very high potential DEA. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  • reduction of malodorous compounds from a treated swine Anaerobic Lagoon
    2006
    Co-Authors: John Loughrin, Ariel A Szogi, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    There is a need for treatment technologies that can eliminate environmental problems associated with Anaerobic Lagoons. These technologies must be able to capture nutrients, kill pathogens, and reduce emissions of ammonia and nuisance odors. To meet these needs, a full-scale wastewater treatment plant was installed as a demonstration project on one of three 4360-pig (Sus scrofa) production units in a finishing farm in Duplin County, North Carolina. Once the treatment plant was operational, flow of raw manure into the unit’s corresponding Lagoon was discontinued and the Lagoon was used to store treated wastewater. Water quality was monitored in the converted Lagoon and in the two conventional Lagoons. A gas chromatographic method was developed to measure concentration of five selected malodorous compounds (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatole) in liquid Lagoon samples. Dramatic improvements in the water quality parameters TKN, NH3–N, solids, COD, and BOD in the converted waste Lagoon paralleled reductions in malodorous compounds. Nine months after conversion, identified malodorous compounds in liquid extractions averaged 6.6 and 38.8 ng mL 21 in water from the converted Lagoon and the conventional Lagoons, respectively. The reduction was particularly marked for p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, and skatole, all of which make important contributions to swine waste odors due to their characteristic odors and low detection thresholds.

W C Termeer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluation of sewage sludge septic waste and sludge compost applications to corn and forage ca mg s fe mn cu zn and b content of crops and soils
    2005
    Co-Authors: P R Warman, W C Termeer
    Abstract:

    This is the second of two papers presenting the data from an experiment on the application of aerobically-digested sewage sludge (AES), Anaerobic Lagoon septic wastes (ANS), sewage sludge compost and fertilizer to soils for grass forage and feed corn production at two different sites in Nova Scotia. Crop yields, plant tissue and Mehlich-1 extractable soil nutrients were evaluated; 15 elements were analyzed in the plant tissue and 9 elements in the soil extracts. This paper describes the Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B content of the crops and the Mehlich-1 extractable content of the soils. The response to the amendments was not consistent at the two sites with the two different crops. We found that the septic sludge (ANS) produced the highest forage Fe, Cu and Zn levels and was equal to compost in elevating corn stover and forage S and the forage B content. The compost produced the highest forage Ca and corn Zn, the AES produced the highest corn Mn, and fertilizer produced the highest forage Mn. None of the amendments produced excessive levels of the above nutrients; rather, the amendments improved the feed quality of the forage and corn stover. Lastly, it was noted that the Mehlich-1 extract only had a significantly positive correlation with forage Cu content.

  • evaluation of sewage sludge septic waste and sludge compost applications to corn and forage yields and n p and k content of crops and soils
    2005
    Co-Authors: P R Warman, W C Termeer
    Abstract:

    This paper presents the data from two years of experiments concerned with the application of aerobically-digested sewage sludge, Anaerobic Lagoon septic sludge, sewage sludge compost or fertilizer to soils for grass forage and feed corn (Zea mays L.) production at two different sites 45 km from Truro, Nova Scotia. Crop yields, plant tissue and Mehlich-1 extractable soil nutrients were evaluated; 15 elements were analyzed in the plant tissue and nine elements in the soil extracts. This paper describes the results of crop yields, plant N, P and K content and Mehlich-1 extractable P and K. The research demonstrated the fertilizer produced higher yields of grass forage than the sludge and the compost but equivalent to the sludge in corn yields. Forage and corn N, P and K contents, however, varied with treatment, crop and year, while the compost-amended soils were highest in extractable nutrients. Both sludges and the compost, therefore, could be effective sources of N, P and K for crop production. Compared to the conventional fertilizer, the nutrient availability from the organic amendments (especially N and P) was considerably lower than the 50% assumed at the start of the experiment; the sludges however, provided higher nutrient availability than the compost.

Ariel A Szogi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • differences in microbial communities and pathogen survival between a covered and uncovered Anaerobic Lagoon
    2019
    Co-Authors: Thomas F. Ducey, Diana M C Rashash, Ariel A Szogi
    Abstract:

    Anaerobic Lagoons are a critical component of confined swine feeding operations. These structures can be modified, using a synthetic cover, to enhance their ability to capture the emission of ammonia and other malodorous compounds. Very little has been done to assess the potential of these covers to alter Lagoon biological properties. Alterations in the physicochemical makeup can impact the biological properties, most notably, the pathogenic populations. To this aim, we performed a seasonal study of two commercial swine operations, one with a conventional open Lagoon, the other which employed a permeable, synthetic cover. Results indicated that Lagoon fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli were significantly influenced by sampling location (Lagoon vs house) and Lagoon type (open vs. covered), while Enterococcus sp. were influenced by sampling location only. Comparisons against environmental variables revealed that fecal coliforms (r2 = 0.40), E. coli (r2 = 0.58), and Enterococcus sp. (r2 = 0.25) significantly responded to changes in pH. Deep 16S sequencing of Lagoon and house bacterial and archaeal communities demonstrated grouping by both sampling location and Lagoon type, with several environmental variables correlating to microbial community differences. Overall, these results demonstrate that permeable synthetic covers play a role in changing the Lagoon microclimate, impacting Lagoon physicochemical and biological properties.

  • improved water quality and reduction of odorous compounds in Anaerobic Lagoon columns receiving pre treated pig wastewater
    2018
    Co-Authors: Ariel A Szogi, John H Loughrin, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    Large volumes of wastewater from confined pig production are stored in Anaerobic Lagoons. Control methods are needed to reduce air pollution by foul odors released from these Lagoons. In a pilot-scale experiment, we evaluated the effect of pig wastewater pre-treatment on reducing the concentration of selected malodor compounds in Lagoons receiving liquid from: (1) flocculant enhanced solid-liquid separation (SS), and (2) solid-liquid separation plus biological N treatment using nitrification-denitrification (SS+NDN). A conventional Anaerobic Lagoon was included as a control. Concentrations of five selected malodorous compounds (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatole) and water quality parameters (ammonia-nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand) were determined in Lagoon effluents. The SS+NDN pretreatment was more efficient than the SS in reducing odorous compounds in the Lagoon liquid. The SS+NDN reduced by about 99% the liquid concentrations of all selected compounds. An odor panel test revealed that SS was ineffective to reduce the human sense of malodor with respect to the control. Whereas the SS+NDN had the significant lowest odor intensity and unpleasantness. These results are supported by the strong correlations found between the sum of odorous compound concentration with odor panel results and concentrations of both ammonium-nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand in Lagoon liquid samples.

  • decline of phosphorus copper and zinc in Anaerobic swine Lagoon columns receiving pretreated influent
    2016
    Co-Authors: Ariel A Szogi, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    Land application of both Anaerobic Lagoon liquid and sludge can increase nutrient accumulation beyond the soil’s assimilative capacity and become a threat to water quality in regions with intensive, confined swine production. In a 15-month meso-scale column study, we evaluated the effect of manure pretreatment on the reduction of total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive P (SRP), and total copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in swine Lagoons using (i) enhanced solid-liquid separation (SS) and (ii) solid-liquid separation plus biological nitrogen treatment with nitrification-denitrification (SS + NDN). A conventional Anaerobic Lagoon treatment was included as a control. A mass flow balance revealed that with both pretreatments the net mass input of TP, Cu, and Zn in the Lagoon columns declined 80 to 100 % when compared to the control. Even though both pretreatments significantly reduced P in the inflow, TP and SRP were negatively correlated (r = -0.51 to -0.87) with TSS in the liquid fraction because of the dissolution of P from sludge into the overlying Lagoon liquid. On the other hand, the removal of solids by both pretreatments effectively reduced Cu and Zn concentrations in the Lagoon liquid, and their concentrations were positively correlated (r = 0.79 to 0.90) with TSS. The decline in mass accumulation of TP, Cu, and Zn in sludge as a result of the reduction of input solids can help minimize both the frequency of sludge removal for Lagoon maintenance and the land area for its disposal.

  • water quality and nitrogen mass loss from Anaerobic Lagoon columns receiving pretreated influent
    2014
    Co-Authors: Ariel A Szogi, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    Control methods are needed to abate NH losses from swine Anaerobic Lagoons to reduce the contribution of confined swine operations to air pollution. In a 15-mo meso-scale column study, we evaluated the effect of manure pretreatment on water quality, reduction of N losses, and sludge accumulation in swine Lagoons using (i) enhanced solid-liquid separation with polymer (SS) and (ii) solid-liquid separation plus biological N treatment using nitrification-denitrification (SS + NDN). A conventional Anaerobic Lagoon was included as a control. Concentrations of total Kjeldahl N (TKN), total ammoniacal N (TAN), and NO-N were monitored during the course of the study, and the volumes of column liquid and sludge were used to estimate N mass flows. At the end of the study, TKN and TAN concentrations in the liquid of SS columns were 35 and 37% lower than the control, respectively, and TKN and TAN concentrations in SS + NDN were 97 and 99% lower than the control. The N mass flow analysis revealed that SS reduced total N inflow by 30% and SS + NDN by 82% compared with the control. The SS was ineffective at reducing NH losses compared with the control. Instead, SS + NDN effectively reduced total NH losses by 50%, most of which occurred during the first 6 mo of the study. Although both pretreatments can stop the mass accumulation of total N in sludge, SS + NDN had the advantage of improving water quality and abating NH emissions from treated Lagoons. As an additional environmental benefit, SS + NDN effluents could be used for crop irrigation without the risk of NH losses during land application.

  • reduction of malodorous compounds from a treated swine Anaerobic Lagoon
    2006
    Co-Authors: John Loughrin, Ariel A Szogi, Matias B. Vanotti
    Abstract:

    There is a need for treatment technologies that can eliminate environmental problems associated with Anaerobic Lagoons. These technologies must be able to capture nutrients, kill pathogens, and reduce emissions of ammonia and nuisance odors. To meet these needs, a full-scale wastewater treatment plant was installed as a demonstration project on one of three 4360-pig (Sus scrofa) production units in a finishing farm in Duplin County, North Carolina. Once the treatment plant was operational, flow of raw manure into the unit’s corresponding Lagoon was discontinued and the Lagoon was used to store treated wastewater. Water quality was monitored in the converted Lagoon and in the two conventional Lagoons. A gas chromatographic method was developed to measure concentration of five selected malodorous compounds (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatole) in liquid Lagoon samples. Dramatic improvements in the water quality parameters TKN, NH3–N, solids, COD, and BOD in the converted waste Lagoon paralleled reductions in malodorous compounds. Nine months after conversion, identified malodorous compounds in liquid extractions averaged 6.6 and 38.8 ng mL 21 in water from the converted Lagoon and the conventional Lagoons, respectively. The reduction was particularly marked for p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, and skatole, all of which make important contributions to swine waste odors due to their characteristic odors and low detection thresholds.

P R Warman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluation of sewage sludge septic waste and sludge compost applications to corn and forage ca mg s fe mn cu zn and b content of crops and soils
    2005
    Co-Authors: P R Warman, W C Termeer
    Abstract:

    This is the second of two papers presenting the data from an experiment on the application of aerobically-digested sewage sludge (AES), Anaerobic Lagoon septic wastes (ANS), sewage sludge compost and fertilizer to soils for grass forage and feed corn production at two different sites in Nova Scotia. Crop yields, plant tissue and Mehlich-1 extractable soil nutrients were evaluated; 15 elements were analyzed in the plant tissue and 9 elements in the soil extracts. This paper describes the Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B content of the crops and the Mehlich-1 extractable content of the soils. The response to the amendments was not consistent at the two sites with the two different crops. We found that the septic sludge (ANS) produced the highest forage Fe, Cu and Zn levels and was equal to compost in elevating corn stover and forage S and the forage B content. The compost produced the highest forage Ca and corn Zn, the AES produced the highest corn Mn, and fertilizer produced the highest forage Mn. None of the amendments produced excessive levels of the above nutrients; rather, the amendments improved the feed quality of the forage and corn stover. Lastly, it was noted that the Mehlich-1 extract only had a significantly positive correlation with forage Cu content.

  • evaluation of sewage sludge septic waste and sludge compost applications to corn and forage yields and n p and k content of crops and soils
    2005
    Co-Authors: P R Warman, W C Termeer
    Abstract:

    This paper presents the data from two years of experiments concerned with the application of aerobically-digested sewage sludge, Anaerobic Lagoon septic sludge, sewage sludge compost or fertilizer to soils for grass forage and feed corn (Zea mays L.) production at two different sites 45 km from Truro, Nova Scotia. Crop yields, plant tissue and Mehlich-1 extractable soil nutrients were evaluated; 15 elements were analyzed in the plant tissue and nine elements in the soil extracts. This paper describes the results of crop yields, plant N, P and K content and Mehlich-1 extractable P and K. The research demonstrated the fertilizer produced higher yields of grass forage than the sludge and the compost but equivalent to the sludge in corn yields. Forage and corn N, P and K contents, however, varied with treatment, crop and year, while the compost-amended soils were highest in extractable nutrients. Both sludges and the compost, therefore, could be effective sources of N, P and K for crop production. Compared to the conventional fertilizer, the nutrient availability from the organic amendments (especially N and P) was considerably lower than the 50% assumed at the start of the experiment; the sludges however, provided higher nutrient availability than the compost.